| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Agélii Genlott, Annika, 1968-
(författare)
-
Designing for Transformational Change in School : Digitalizing the Digitized
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digital technologies have gained a prominent role in education and schools, but research concerning how digital technologies can create better conditions for improved teaching and enhanced learning for students is scarce and inconclusive. Successful use of digital technologies requires a complex combination of interacting factors, including integrating technology and pedagogy as well as organizing and leading a structured transformation process. The capability of school organizations to lead and support the digitalization process is an under-researched field compared to the well-established focus on individual stakeholders.This thesis examines how experimentation and innovation processes in school can be designed and pursued to support and enhance digitalization across an entire school organization by using a Design Science Research (DSR) approach to answer the question: How can a school organization at municipal level lead digital transformation through the digitalization of teaching and learning processes in an organized, professional, and, as far as possible, scientifically based way?The findings show that the design and use of the Information System Artifact model (ISA) together with a DSR development method can support both improved teaching and enhanced learning within and across a school organization. Effective use of digital technologies to improve teaching and learning across the school organization requires fundamental changes of ordinary practices and engagement as well as commitment from school authorities and school leaders.This thesis contributes with empirically and theoretically based insights from leading (digital) transformational change in school through the iterative design of IS artifacts used as a driver and quality control for the shift from digitization towards digitalization aiming at improved teaching and enhanced learning.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Anne, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
High risk of cardiovascular side effects after treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma : is there a need for intervention in long-term survivors?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Upsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients have a good prognosis after adequate treatment. Previous treatment with mantle field irradiation has been accompanied by an increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study identified co-morbidity factors for the development of cardiovascular side effects and initiated an intervention study aimed to decrease morbidity and mortality of CVD in HL survivors.Design: Hodgkin lymphoma patients aged ≤45 years diagnosed between 1965 and 1995 were invited to participate. In total, 453 patients completed a questionnaire that addressed co-morbidity factors and clinical symptoms. Of these, 319 accepted to participate in a structured clinical visit. The statistical analyses compared individuals with CVD with those with no CVD.Results: Cardiovascular disease was reported by 27.9%. Radiotherapy (odds ratio [OR]: 3.27), hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were shown to be independent risk factors for the development of CVD. The OR for CVD and valve disease in patients who received radiotherapy towards mediastinum was 4.48 and 6.07, respectively. At clinical visits, 42% of the patients were referred for further investigation and 24% of these had a cardiac ultrasound performed due to previously unknown heart murmurs.Conclusion: Radiotherapy towards mediastinum was an independent risk factor for CVD as well as hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. A reasonable approach as intervention for this cohort of patients is regular monitoring of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and referral to adequate investigation when cardiac symptoms appear. Broad knowledge about the side effects from radiotherapy in the medical community and well-structured information regarding late side effects to the patients are all reasonable approaches as late effects can occur even 40 years after cancer treatment.
|
|
| 4. |
- Axelsson, Karin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring services in a smart city through socio-technical design principles: Revealing five tensions in a smart living context
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Government Information Quarterly. - 0740-624X .- 1872-9517. ; 41:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart cities have been studied for many years, but smart homes and the citizens' actual living in these smart homes are less researched. We argue that for digital government research, and for governments to be successful in smart city development in practice, it is necessary not only to understand living on a societal level, but also living aspects in the narrow context of homes. Citizens populate the smart city and are the ones who are supposed to use the services provided by the government. In this article we explore and analyze digital and analogue services in smart homes developed in a new city district. We have conducted observational studies in 53 apartments during an urban living expo which we analyze by applying a set of socio-technical design principles. The research question that guides the analysis is: “What tensions between values in digital and analogue services for a smart living can be revealed by a socio-technical perspective?”. We identify five tensions between: 1) being in control and being controlled, 2) intended and undesirable use of personal data, 3) digital and analogue smartness, 4) smart home visions and practices, and 5) environmental and social sustainability. By revealing these tensions, we contribute to an understanding of the complexity of smart living. We also contribute by highlighting the importance of applying a perspective that captures both technology and citizen and user issues (i.e., social aspects) when developing services in the smart home context.
|
|
| 5. |
- Crusoe, Jonathan, 1991-
(författare)
-
Open Government Data as a Reform and Ecosystem : A conceptual framework for evolution and health
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: This doctoral thesis in Information Systems disentangles the interplay of an OGD reform and an OGD ecosystem. Open government data (OGD) refers to data shared by public organizations, in the role of providers, following certain principles for anyone to reuse. An OGD reform transforms parts of society so that an OGD ecosystem can coalesce and realize benefits (e.g., economic growth or transparency). An OGD ecosystem consists of providers sharing data, enrichers developing products or services on this data, and seekers using the data, products, or services to satisfy their needs.Problem and Purpose: Previous OGD research tends to encompass an OGD reform into an OGD ecosystem, which can restrict the possibilities to understand the evolution and health of an OGD ecosystem. Because, an OGD reform is a temporary transformation, while an OGD ecosystem includes sustained processes for a purpose. It obfuscates the possible interplay between an OGD reform and an OGD ecosystem, which could affect the health of the ecosystem. Health is an OGD ecosystem’s ability to achieve its higher purpose while benefiting its actors without harming others. Reform and evolution are related since both refer to the change of actors. The purpose of my doctoral thesis is to disentangle the interplay between an OGD reform and an OGD ecosystem to understand how it can affect the health of an OGD ecosystem.Research Design: I set out to explore the Swedish OGD ecosystem from 2016 to 2019. The research expanded to international explorations between 2019 and 2021. My research is qualitative and encompasses an introductory part and five articles. The papers include (1) a comparison between two providers, (2) an enricher framework, (3) diagnosis of the Swedish OGD ecosystem, (4) lessons drawn from public utilities, and (5) how providers and enrichers can consider seekers in their work. I then revisited my empirical material to perform additional analysis to synthesize a conceptual framework called reform-ecosystem (RE-ECO) framework.Findings: The RE-ECO framework depicts the interplay between an OGD reform and an OGD ecosystem and how it could affect the ecosystem's health. An OGD reform is conceptualized as a checkerboard and an OGD ecosystem as an ocean ecosystem. OGD actors transform a reciprocal structure to coalesce an OGD ecosystem through persuasion, collaboration, transformation, and evaluation. The OGD ecosystem consists of strands of data-information cycles and identification nodes, which work to realize certain benefits. The OGD actors can transform local conditions, step between ecosystems, and mutation-load to affect the health of an OGD ecosystem.Contribution: The theoretical contribution of this doctoral thesis is the RE-ECO framework. The thesis also concludes that an OGD ecosystem is an ancillary, symbiotic ecosystem; mutation-loading can control and fuel the change of actors; OGD actors can step between their OGD reform, their OGD ecosystem, and other ecosystems; the landscape metaphor reveals how an OGD reform can constrain the health of an OGD ecosystem; and actors can experience tensions between an OGD reform and an OGD ecosystem. OGD researchers are suggested to further study the interplay between an OGD reform and an OGD ecosystem. OGD practitioners should follow ``high-value, high-impact'' and ``publish with purpose'' principles rather than ``open by default'' or ``raw data now'' principles.
|
|
| 6. |
- Crusoe, Jonathan, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Open Government Data Systems : Learning from a Public Utility Perspective
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Electronic Government. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030575984 - 9783030575991 ; , s. 275-289
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research on Open Government Data (OGD) struggleswith synthesising a holistic perspective of OGD systems. A perspectivethat has dealt with vast, complex systems is public utility. Publicutilities are, for example, water supply networks and electric power grids.This study explores what we can learn from a public utility perspectivewhen perceiving and organising OGD systems. We used a hermeneuticliterature review combined with a snowballing approach, resulting in aselection of 39 studies. We compare public utilities and OGD systems toderive ve lessons: (1) an OGD system can be perceived from a node- owview, (2) the foundational data ow of an OGD system starts at datacollection and ends at data used by the public in an everyday context, (3)the organisation of OGD systems needs to consider the combinability, interpretability,and boundless reusability of data, (4) OGD systems needgovernance organisations that cover the whole system, and (5) OGD systemscould replace existing data provision systems and be made a publicutility if certain characteristic problems are overcome.
|
|
| 7. |
- Dahlin, Anna M., 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
A genome-wide association study on medulloblastoma
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neuro-Oncology. - : Springer. - 0167-594X .- 1573-7373. ; 147:2, s. 309-315
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Medulloblastoma is a malignant embryonal tumor of the cerebellum that occurs predominantly in children. To find germline genetic variants associated with medulloblastoma risk, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 244 medulloblastoma cases and 247 control subjects from Sweden and Denmark.Methods: Genotyping was performed using Illumina BeadChips, and untyped variants were imputed using IMPUTE2.Results: Fifty-nine variants in 11 loci were associated with increased medulloblastoma risk (p < 1 × 10–5), but none were statistically significant after adjusting for multiple testing (p < 5 × 10–8). Thirteen of these variants were genotyped, whereas 46 were imputed. Genotyped variants were further investigated in a validation study comprising 249 medulloblastoma cases and 629 control subjects. In the validation study, rs78021424 (18p11.23, PTPRM) was associated with medulloblastoma risk with OR in the same direction as in the discovery cohort (ORT = 1.59, pvalidation = 0.02). We also selected seven medulloblastoma predisposition genes for investigation using a candidate gene approach: APC, BRCA2, PALB2, PTCH1, SUFU, TP53, and GPR161. The strongest evidence for association was found for rs201458864 (PALB2, ORT = 3.76, p = 3.2 × 10–4) and rs79036813 (PTCH1, ORA = 0.42, p = 2.6 × 10–3).Conclusion: The results of this study, including a novel potential medulloblastoma risk loci at 18p11.23, are suggestive but need further validation in independent cohorts.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Ejnefjäll, Thomas, 1974-
(författare)
-
Routinizing Workarounds : The Case of a Mandated PDMS in Critical Care
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Workarounds are an emerging area within information systems (IS) research where contributions are increasing but there seem to be different views on what constitutes a workaround. While some aspects of workarounds have attracted considerable research attention and show a high degree of consensus, other aspects contain scarce or conflicting findings. This thesis aims to investigate what constitutes a workaround and how routine dynamics can contribute to our understanding of workarounds in mandatory contexts.I first performed a concept-centric literature review based on literature that has influenced or been published in the former Association for Information Systems (AIS) Senior Scholars’ basket of eight journals and official AIS conferences. I also developed a conceptualization of workarounds from described workaround behaviour in the previous research.With that backdrop, I studied workarounds during the implementation of a Patient Data Management System (PDMS) in two critical care units at a Swedish hospital. A PDMS is a health information system designed to automatically retrieve data from bedside equipment at critical care units and present these in a structured format to improve documentation, manipulation, and interpretation. Usage of the PDMS was truly mandatory where the staff were required to use the system to keep and perform their jobs. Using observations and interviews, I collected data which were analysed using reflexive thematic coding.My research contributes to IS literature in several ways. I develop a conceptualization and definition for workarounds inductively derived from empirical accounts of workaround behaviour that make it possible to distinguish workarounds from other similar phenomena. Then I show how routine dynamics helps us to better understand the internal dynamics of workarounds and the role of artefacts, power, and resistance, and provides us with tools to, for instance, remove redundant workarounds. I also provide thick empirical descriptions that make it possible for researchers to engage with, and question, my assumptions and the applied theoretical framework.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Elg, Mattias, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Digitalisation and quality management: problems and prospects
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Production Planning and Control. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7287 .- 1366-5871. ; 32:12, s. 990-1003
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalisation provides both challenges and opportunities for Quality Management (QM). The purpose of this study is to identify various roles QM practitioners play in digitalisation initiatives to uncover the challenges and potential of QM's digitalisation journey. This issue is addressed through an analytical framework that stresses two dimensions: the exploration and exploitation of digitalised QM processes and value creation, which is performed by the customer or in interactions facilitated by the provider. Through a multiple-case study of four large Swedish organisations, we propose six different challenges and corresponding roles for QM. Further, the study identifies challenges of digitalisation affecting both exploitative and explorative practices throughout an organisation's value creation process. This research contributes to the existing literature with empirical evidence on the challenges induced by digitalisation, an area often discussed but not as often studied empirically.
|
|
| 12. |
- Foss-Skiftesvik, Jon, et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 4069 children with glioma identifies 9p21.3 risk locus
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Neuro-Oncology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1522-8517 .- 1523-5866. ; 25:9, s. 1709-1720
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although recent sequencing studies have revealed that 10% of childhood gliomas are caused by rare germline mutations, the role of common variants is undetermined and no genome-wide significant risk loci for pediatric central nervous system tumors have been identified to date.METHODS: Meta-analysis of 3 population-based genome-wide association studies comprising 4069 children with glioma and 8778 controls of multiple genetic ancestries. Replication was performed in a separate case-control cohort. Quantitative trait loci analyses and a transcriptome-wide association study were conducted to assess possible links with brain tissue expression across 18 628 genes.RESULTS: Common variants in CDKN2B-AS1 at 9p21.3 were significantly associated with astrocytoma, the most common subtype of glioma in children (rs573687, P-value of 6.974e-10, OR 1.273, 95% CI 1.179-1.374). The association was driven by low-grade astrocytoma (P-value of 3.815e-9) and exhibited unidirectional effects across all 6 genetic ancestries. For glioma overall, the association approached genome-wide significance (rs3731239, P-value of 5.411e-8), while no significant association was observed for high-grade tumors. Predicted decreased brain tissue expression of CDKN2B was significantly associated with astrocytoma (P-value of 8.090e-8).CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based genome-wide association study meta-analysis, we identify and replicate 9p21.3 (CDKN2B-AS1) as a risk locus for childhood astrocytoma, thereby establishing the first genome-wide significant evidence of common variant predisposition in pediatric neuro-oncology. We furthermore provide a functional basis for the association by showing a possible link to decreased brain tissue CDKN2B expression and substantiate that genetic susceptibility differs between low- and high-grade astrocytoma.
|
|
| 13. |
- Granath, Malin, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Reflection note: Smart City Research in a Societal Context. A Scandinavian perspective and beyond?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems. - : IRIS Association (Information Systems Research in Scandinavia). - 0905-0167 .- 1901-0990. ; 33:1, s. 5-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This reflection note is part of the special section focused on smart cities. The note puts contemporary smart city research into a societal context and elaborates on the role of a Scandinavian perspective in this domain. The authors reflect upon how Information Systems Research can contribute to smart city research and what additional value a Scandinavian perspective can bring. The note is focused on two topics: 1) participation and involvement, and 2) privacy and security.
|
|
| 14. |
- Hansen, Mille Edith Kjærsgaard, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploration of metaphors as a way to understand socio-technical phenomena: An emergent framework
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Information Polity. - Amsterdam : IOS PRESS. - 1570-1255 .- 1875-8754. ; 28:3, s. 317-340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intangible and (often) young nature of socio-technical phenomena makes them difficult to understand and communicate. Researchers and practitioners have responded by applying metaphors, prescribing an epistemological structure to these phenomena. While metaphors are frequently applied, researchers have paid limited attention to their applications and limitations. To address this gap, we applied a mixed-method approach, exploring the communities’ applications of metaphors for the conceptual development of socio-technical phenomena, using two communities: Open Government Data and IT Development and Maintenance. We synthesised 21 articles and two books into an emergent analytical framework, Communities’ Applications Of Metaphors (CAOM). We collected empirical material for each community’s academic and practical sides between 2015–2020, resulting in 100 articles and 263 documents. We conducted a word frequency analysis and an in-depth analysis of the empirical material, drawing on CAOM. The contributions are the emergent CAOM framework with the key concepts of metaphors’ usage, expression, and assemblages of metaphors. We conclude that the application of metaphors in communities is influenced by community type and metaphors’ role, while the topic influences metaphor selection. Metaphors are combined to create new ways of reasoning. We recommend that governments draw on action-oriented metaphors when writing policies for socio-technical phenomena, while digital government researchers should include action-oriented elements when they develop metaphors, which can help practitioners put new knowledge into practice.
|
|
| 15. |
- Hansen, Mille Edith Kjaersgaard, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploration of metaphors as a way to understand socio-technical phenomena: An emergent framework
- 2023
-
Ingår i: INFORMATION POLITY. - 1570-1255 .- 1875-8754. ; 28:3, s. 317-340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intangible and (often) young nature of socio-technical phenomena makes them difficult to understand and communicate. Researchers and practitioners have responded by applying metaphors, prescribing an epistemological structure to these phenomena. While metaphors are frequently applied, researchers have paid limited attention to their applications and limitations. To address this gap, we applied a mixed-method approach, exploring the communities' applications of metaphors for the conceptual development of socio-technical phenomena, using two communities: Open Government Data and IT Development and Maintenance. We synthesised 21 articles and two books into an emergent analytical framework, Communities' Applications Of Metaphors (CAOM). We collected empirical material for each community's academic and practical sides between 2015-2020, resulting in 100 articles and 263 documents. We conducted a word frequency analysis and an in-depth analysis of the empirical material, drawing on CAOM. The contributions are the emergent CAOM framework with the key concepts of metaphors' usage, expression, and assemblages of metaphors. We conclude that the application of metaphors in communities is influenced by community type and metaphors' role, while the topic influences metaphor selection. Metaphors are combined to create new ways of reasoning. We recommend that governments draw on action-oriented metaphors when writing policies for socio-technical phenomena, while digital government researchers should include action-oriented elements when they develop metaphors, which can help practitioners put new knowledge into practice.
|
|
| 16. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
SMART METERS AND DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT IN SMART GRIDS – EXPLORING CHALLENGES AND OUTLINING FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ECIS 2022 PROCEEDINGS. - : Association for Information Systems. - 9781958200025
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research in progress paper explores smart meters and demand side management (DSM) challenges and how this is perceived by suppliers of smart grids. It builds on semi-structured interviews and a literature review showing that smart meters are a highly important, relevant, and interesting research topic. We identify a need to include knowledge on how to develop smart meter technology further as well as how to increase both supplier and energy user engagement and involvement in development of smart meters technology. Our research shows that there exist gaps between: policies, goals and expectations on one side and implementation and use of smart meters on the other side. Based on initial results we conclude that there is a need to explore DSM and smart meter technology further and to learn from a social-technical IS perspective to overcome a one-sided perspective, or even deterministic view, on technology.
|
|
| 17. |
- Lindgren, Ida, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Automation as a Driver of Digital Transformation in Local Government : Exploring Stakeholder Views on an Automation Initiative in a Swedish Municipality
- 2021
-
Ingår i: DG.O2021. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450384926 ; , s. 463-472
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local government organizations in Sweden are under pressure from policy makers and leading politicians to accelerate digital transformation of administrative tasks, in order to make public service provision more efficient and effective. As part of this digital transformation, local governments are currently investigating and implementing digital technologies that can execute administrative tasks automatically, without involvement of administrative staff. We explore an automation initiative in a Swedish municipality using a qualitative case study. Our analysis is conducted from a stakeholder perspective, investigating (1) how different stakeholders interpret automation as part of the municipality’s ongoing digitalization, and (2) their views on expected outcomes of automation of administrative tasks. Our analysis shows that different stakeholder groups hold different definitions of what digitalization and automation means for their organization, and what outcomes can be expected of automation of administrative tasks in their organization. The analysis further shows that national policy documents encourage local governments to use a specific technical solutions for automation (robotic process automation); however, this technology is viewed as somewhat problematic by the stakeholders working with IT in the organization. Our analysis contributes with an illustration of challenges that municipalities face in their endeavor to find ways of developing automation of administrative tasks, and call for further research on this topic.
|
|
| 18. |
- Lindgren, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
What is E-Government? Introducing a Work System Framework for Understanding E-Government
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Communications of the Association for Information Systems. - : ASSOC INFORMATION SYSTEMS. - 1529-3181. ; 48, s. 503-522
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a comprehensive and distilled model that can help researchers to 1) enter the e-government field, 2) understand what the field mainly studies in a distilled way, and 3) reflect on further research in the field. Departing from Steven Alters (2013) work systems theory and particularly his work systems framework (WSF), we introduce a framework for understanding e-government work systems (i.e., the eGovWSF). We distil the basic core of e-government work systems through an interpretative and hermeneutic approach by building on previous research and theorizations made in information systems and e-government research. We unpack the eGovWSF into 12 main elements; discuss their role as internal, semi-external, and external to e-government work systems; and reflect on the connections between these elements. Thus, contributions include a conceptual discussion on e-governments core subject matter, the frameworks applicability, and future research needs.
|
|
| 19. |
- Madsen, Christian Ostergaard, et al.
(författare)
-
The accidental caseworker - How digital self-service influences citizens administrative burden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Government Information Quarterly. - : Elsevier Inc. - 0740-624X .- 1872-9517. ; 39:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following a large worldwide uptake of digital public services, several countries have turned to mandatory digitization, whereby citizens or companies must use digital self-service applications to apply for public services. However, previous research on the adoption of digital public services has predominantly focused on simple, or even hypothetical, services and situations. We identify a knowledge gap concerning citizens experience of actual interactions with digital self-service for more complicated social services and benefits. Therefore, we explore digital self-service from the perspective of citizens using the concept of administrative burden as a theoretical lens. Specifically, we analyze data from in-depth empirical studies encompassing observations, interviews, and focus group discussions with single mothers who have applied for public benefits following divorce or family separation. We present a descriptive process model for citizens application for public benefits. Next, we illustrate how digital self-service influences citizens administrative burden throughout this process. An important contribution reveals that citizens administrative burden increases-they must learn how to complete tasks that professional caseworkers previously conducted and comply with government demands concerning digital selfservice applications and specific data formats. However, digital self-service can also reduce citizens administrative burden through the online provision of information and automatic data transfers. Further, digital selfservice offers an anonymous application process that may reduce the psychological costs and stigma associated with receiving public benefits. Finally, our research contributes new insights at the theoretical level, linking the concept of administrative burden to complex digital self-service use from a citizen perspective.
|
|
| 20. |
- Magnusson, Johan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
A Pathology of Public Sector IT Governance: How IT Governance Configuration Counteracts Ambidexterity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Electronic Government. EGOV 2020. - Cham : Springer International Publishing.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public sector organizations are invariable stuck in a contortionist position in regards to how they approach digitalization. Centralized delivery models for IT drive efficiency in the short term, but at the same time they have been identified to potentially counter-act innovation. This study utilizes an interpretative case study of 21 Swedish public agencies and their centralized IT function to analyze how existing IT governance configuration impacts organizational ambidexterity. The empirical base consists of 31 interviews and studies of secondary material in the form of steering documents. The findings show that IT Governance is experienced as decreasing the level of innovation in the organization and hence negatively impacting ambidexterity by systematically skewing the balance be- tween efficiency and innovation. These findings are discussed in relation to previous research, and propositions for future research for better understanding IT governance configuration in the context of ambidexterity are presented and dis- cussed.
|
|
| 21. |
- Martin, Jason, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Närhet på distans : En guide för ledarskap på distans med stöd av digitala arbetssätt
- 2023
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det du nu läser är en guide tänkt att användas som ett stöd och en vägledning till dig som i arbetet leder eller deltar i aktiviteter på distans med stöd av digitala arbetssätt. Guiden är utvecklad av forskare och organisationer i flera forskningsprojekt som studerar möjligheter och utmaningar i ledarskap på distans med stöd av digitala arbetssätt. Guiden vänder sig i första hand till er som är chefer och ledare med ansvar för att planera och genomföra aktiviteter på distans med stöd av digitala arbetssätt, men den kan även läsas av medarbetare och andra funktioner i era organisationer. En central del i guiden är ”verktygslådan” där vi, utifrån våra egna forskningsresultat samt med stöd av tidigare forskning, har satt ihop ett urval av praktiska verktyg som kan användas för att möjliggöra ett effektivare ledarskap på distans. Guiden och verktygen i verktygslådan tar avstamp i vardagsnära situationer och aktiviteter som vi i våra forskningsprojekt sett innehåller stor potential att förbättra hur arbete på distans med stöd av digitala arbetssätt kan organiseras och ledas. Vi visar vanligt förekommande arbetssätt och verktyg och ger konkreta och praktiska tips på hur ni kan arbeta tillsammans för att kunna uppnå bättre resultat, lära och utveckla både för individer och för organisationen samt bidra till bättre hälsa och välbefinnande. Guiden kan ses som en palett av arbetssätt och verktyg som ni antingen kan pröva direkt och/eller ha som underlag för diskussion i syfte att ta fram egna, skräddarsydda arbetssätt. Använd den som inspiration och hjälpmedel för att utveckla ditt ledarskap och medarbetarskap samt ditt sätt att leda och möjliggöra digitala aktiviteter på distans. Om du vill testa någon eller några av de verktyg och arbetssätt som presenteras i guiden tillsammans forskare så hör av dig till Jason Martin (jason.martin@liu.se) eller Andreas Wallo (andreas.wallo@liu.se) på Linköpings universitet.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Melin, Ulf, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
To couple or not to couple : A case study of institutional legitimacy relating to SaaS applications in two universities
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Information Technology and People. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0959-3845 .- 1758-5813. ; 33:4, s. 1149-1173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe predominant narrative is that contemporary organisations, motivated by economic-rationalist aspirations, adopt cloud applications on the premise of achieving cost-savings and efficiency gains. However, how they actually adopt and rollover such new or emerging technologies may be influenced by acts, patterns and processes of institutional legitimacy. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics surrounding decisions on how specific cloud applications are adopted from the context of institutional theory, with a particular focus on the concepts of coupling and decoupling.Design/methodology/approachTo examine this phenomenon, two qualitative case studies, using a reflexive research approach, of an Australian and a Swedish university have been undertaken, both of which adopted commercial cloud applications for e.g. e-mail, collaboration and storage (as examples of software as a service) at different points in time. One of the universities was known for its early adoption of cloud applications, but had decelerated further deployment of such services, while the other, despite its conservative reputation, has made rapid strides in this regard.FindingsThe findings of the dual case studies reveal that organisations, contrary to economic-rationalist claims, may or may not decide to adopt particular commercial cloud-based offerings for the support of core operations, on the basis of how they perceive their institutional legitimacy being affected by a complex network of influential actors, both internally and in the external spaces. Therefore, this paper offers an institutional theory-based discourse and rich illustrations on how the role of technology is played out in enhancing relationships between an organisation and such actors in terms of legitimacy focusing acts of coupling and decoupling.Originality/valueIn the analysis and findings the authors, in a novel way, illustrate how organisations strive for: institutional legitimacy through acts of coupling, and the revelations of consequential decoupling. The value is based on a rich case description, analysis and application of institutional theory.
|
|
| 25. |
- Nordström, Malin, Filosofie Doktor, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Digitalisering #VPF 6
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (film/video) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalisering #VPF6 – VideomanusSverige står de närmaste decennierna inför en stor demografisk förändring. Med en växande skara äldre och en minskande arbetsstyrka kommer färre att behöva göra mer om vi vill bevara våra samhällsfunktioner och den levnadsstandard vi är vana vid. För att klara förändringen behövs nya hjälpmedel som automatiserar och ökar kvaliteten i arbete. Digitalisering kommer att vara det enskilt viktigaste instrumentet för att uppnå det. I den här videon ska vi förklara vad digitalisering är. Vi använder en indelning i tre tidseror på tre samhällsnivåer. Den första eran benämner vi datorisering av organisationer, den andra tjänstefiering av invånare och den tredje; digitalisering av samhället. Digitalisering förutsätter informationsteknik. Informationsteknik, eller IT som det ofta förkortas i vardagligt tal, har blivit alltmer kraftfull över tid. IT finns numera integrerad i teknik som vi använder både i arbete och på fritiden. Tillämpningar av IT kan hjälpa oss att göra saker. Den kan hjälpa oss att kommunicera, som vi gör i den här videon exempelvis, den kan söka information i hög hastighet. Den kan också hjälpa oss att minnas, eftersom den lagra. Men till skillnad mot oss människor har tekniken inga känslor, värderingar eller mål. Tillämpningar baserade på IT-teknik, gör som den är kodad att göra, och den talar enbart det binära språket ettor och nollor. Tillämpningarna är dock kodad av individer som har känslor, värderingar och mål. I offentliga organisationer är koden ofta baserad på en lagstiftning. Lagstiftningen som måste tolkas för att bli begriplig både för dem ska koda tillämpningar, och de som ska tillämpa lagen. Det här innebär att IT-tillämpningar är komplexa fenomen eftersom de representerar många olika aspekter. Vi använder benämningen digital resurs för att spegla teknikens mångfald och den variation av benämningar som förekommit över tid. Digitala resurser används i organisationer och numera också av invånare för att utföra arbetsuppgifter. Nu ska vi titta lite närmare på den organisatoriska dimensionen. Offentliga organisationer har till uppgift att omsätta lagstiftning i praktisk handling. Ett politiskt organ formulerar uppdraget och Organisationen leds av en direktör. Direktören formerar en organisationsstruktur för att genomföra uppdraget på bästa sätt. Strukturen bemannas av individer som har olika roller, här använder vi avdelning och direktör som exempel, men det finns många fler strukturer och roller. Verksamheten som direkt kan relateras till uppdraget benämns kärnverksamhet och den verksamhet som agerar expertfunktion inom ett visst område och ska hjälpa de som bedriver kärnverksamhet, benämns stödverksamhet. ekonomi, HR och kommunikation är exempel på stödverksamheter. Men även IT är en stödverksamhet. Vi har valt att lyfta ut IT, eftersom IT-verksamhet har en central roll i digitaliseringen. IT-avdelningen har oftast en levererande uppgift, och inte samma expertuppgift som andra stödverksamheter. Det innebär att IT-avdelningar ständigt konkurrerar med externa leverantörer. Digitaliseringens första era startade i organisationer på 80-talet genom att vi började datorisera arbetsuppgifter. När internet slog igenom kunde organisationer börja kommunicera med samhällets invånare, via e-tjänster och därefter har det kompletterats med appar eftersom i stort sett varje individ idag går omkring med en dator i fickan. Vi har därmed glidit över i den andra eran, tjänstefiering.Nu ska vi titta på ett exempel hur det kan se ut i en organisation i tjänstefieringens era. Kommunikationsavdelningen ansvarar för organisationens webbplats där kärnavdelningarna kommunicerar med invånarna via e-tjänster som IT-avdelningen har utvecklat och nu driftar. HR-avdelningen har 10 år tidigare köpt ett standardsystem, som numera levereras i molnet. För att effektivisera planering av scheman, semestrar och reseräkningar beställer HR-avdelningen självbetjäningstjänster av leverantören. Självbetjäningstjänsterna ska göras tillgängliga på intranätet som kommunikationsavdelningen också ansvarar för, men för att detta ska vara möjligt krävs att IT-avdelningen gör en teknisk integration. Organisationen har hundratals liknande samband, men ingen vet egentligen hur det ser ut för organisationen som helhet. Men föråldrad teknik, ny lagstiftning och en stramare ekonomistyrning skapar ett av överblick. Efter inventeringar visar det sig att det samlade digitala landskapet är brokigt till sin karaktär och att leverantörerna är många. Organisationen inför därför standardiserade ramverk med strukturer, roller och processer för att hantera ett brokigt digitalt landskap med många intressenter. Men ansvarsfördelningen inom organisationen förblir ofta oklar eftersom digitala resurser har så många aspekter. Nu glider vi över i den 3:e eran, digitalisering. Nu tar vi utbytet av data mellan organisationer förgivet. Innovation är på efterfrågas och för det krävs ny kunskap där akademin är en central part. Samhället förväntas fungera som ett ekosystem. Vi tar nästa steg i effektiviseringen genom att låta digitaliserade beslutsstöd agera rådgivare och automatiserar myndighetsbeslut. Men framförallt flyttar vi fokus till data som blir till information och kunskap som kan ge oss nya insikter. I digitaliseringens era står vi också inför ett mer radikalt teknikskifte, nämligen artificiell intelligens – eller AI som det förkortas. AI är en digital resurs som är självlärande. Att den är självlärande betyder att den inte behöver en instruktion för hur den ska utföra en arbetsuppgift, utan den kan själv lära sig hur den ska göra om den får träna på stora mängder data. Det här öppnar upp för nya möjligheter men väcker också frågor kring etiska ställningstaganden som integritet och automatiserat beslutsfattande i offentliga organisationer. Men vi har också tekniska och organisatoriska problem att hantera. I det brokiga digitala landskapet är data är lagrade i olika digitala resurser som inte kan kommunicera med varandra eftersom de enbart talar de binära språket ettor och nollor. Data kan också vara inlåsta i leverantörskontrakt för I ekosystemet finns redan komplexa organisatoriska beroende. Dessutom fattas digitaliseringsbeslut ofta i parallella beslutsstrukturer till följd av att standardiserade strukturer, roller och arbetssätt har införts utan tillräcklig kunskap om hur den offentliga organisationen leds och styrs. Den ordinarie chefsstrukturen är alltså många gånger satt ur spel i den så centrala digitaliseringsfrågan. I den här videon har vi visat hur digitala resurser över tid har sammanflätats med organisationer, invånare, och därmed med samhället. Men också att vi inte kliver in i den tredje eran tomhänta, utan vi bär med oss ett digitalt arv som innehåller de data vi vill använda i digitaliseringens era, men som ofta saknar expertfunktion i organisationen. Det digitala arvet måste vi hantera parallellt med att vi anammar ny teknik. Vi har också tillfört organisatoriska dimensioner som ansvarsfördelning och beslutsfattande och de etiska ställningstaganden som ny teknik bär med sig. Digitalisering förändrar alltså samhället genom att ge oss förändrade sätt att leva våra liv där digitala resurser utgör en betydande del. Men vi ställs också inför nya utmaningar, som vi måste reda ut, för att hantera en förändrad demografi. Vi som är manusförfattare till den här videon heter Malin Nordström och Ulf Melin och det är Malin som berättar. I beskrivningstexten hittar du länkar till beskrivningar av vilka vi är och namnen på resterande personer i produktionsteamet. Där finns också utvalda referenser och en beskrivning av hur vi vill att du citerar videon när du använder den. Vår förhoppning är att videon ska skapa värde i just din organisations digitalisering.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Schrage, Benedikt, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without defibrillator in patients with heart failure
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press. - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 24:1, s. 48-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Randomized data on the efficacy/safety of cardiac resynchronization therapy with vs. without defibrillator (CRT-D,-P) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are scarce. We aimed to evaluate survival associated with use of CRT-D vs. CRT-P in a contemporary cohort with HFrEF. Methods and results Patients from Swedish HF Registry treated with CRT-D/CRT-P and fulfilling criteria for primary prevention defibrillator use were included. Logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of CRT-D non-use. All-cause mortality was compared in CRT-D vs. CRT-P by Cox regression in a 1 : 1 propensity-score-matched cohort. Of 1988 patients with CRT, 1108 (56%) had CRT-D and 880 (44%) CRT-P. Older age, higher ejection fraction (EF), female sex, and the lack of referral to HF nurse-led outpatient clinic were major determinants of CRT-D non-use. After matching, 645 CRT-D patients were compared with 645 with CRT-P. The CRT-D use was associated with lower 1- and 3-year all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR):0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.58-0.98; HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.99, respectively]. Results were consistent in all pre-specified subgroups except for CRT-D use being associated with lower 3-year mortality in patients with an EF < 30% but not in those with an EF >= 30% (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.89 and HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 0.83-1.85, respectively; P-interaction = 0.02). Conclusion In a contemporary HFrEF cohort, CRT-D was associated with lower mortality compared with CRT-P. The CRT-D use was less likely in older patients, females, and in patients not referred to HF nurse-led outpatient clinic. Our findings support the use of CRT-D vs. CRT-P in HFrEF, in particular with severely reduced EF.
|
|
| 28. |
- Toll, Daniel, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
-
Process Automation as Enabler of Prioritized Values in Local Government : A Stakeholder Analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Electronic Government. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer Nature. - 9783030847883 - 9783030847890 ; , s. 288-300
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local government organizations (municipalities) in Sweden are encouraged to pursue process automation to face upcoming challenges. In this paper we focus on a case where these recommendations are put into practice and explore the views on process automation held by different stakeholder groups, related to which values they prioritize in their respective area of work. We do this by applying stakeholder theory and the model of value ideals by [1] as a combined theoretical lens. Our results show that different stakeholder groups prioritize different value ideals in their areas of work and that their views on automation as able to enable these value ideals vary from optimistic, to hesitant to pessimistic. In the studied case, the achievement of process automation is in part reliant on workers themselves seeking it out, meaning that the pessimistic view on automation poses a problem in that it becomes an obstacle for this to function. We discuss the possible reasons for the differently held prioritized value ideals as well as the different held views on automation. We conclude that the studied case shows that implementing process automation includes establishing new structures, roles and responsibilities and comes with certain issues, as those highlighted by our analysis. We found the combination of value ideals and stakeholder theory useful in studying e-government initiatives and make some further recommendations on possible future, related, streams of research.
|
|
| 29. |
- Toll, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Process Automation as Enabler of Prioritized Values in Local Government - A Stakeholder Analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT, EGOV 2021. - Cham : SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG. - 9783030847890 - 9783030847883 ; , s. 288-300
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local government organizations (municipalities) in Sweden are encouraged to pursue process automation to face upcoming challenges. In this paper we focus on a case where these recommendations are put into practice and explore the views on process automation held by different stakeholder groups, related to which values they prioritize in their respective area of work. We do this by applying stakeholder theory and the model of value ideals by [1] as a combined theoretical lens. Our results show that different stakeholder groups prioritize different value ideals in their areas of work and that their views on process automation as able to enable these value ideals vary from optimistic, to hesitant to pessimistic. In the studied case, the achievement of process automation is in part reliant on workers themselves seeking it out, meaning that the pessimistic view on process automation poses a problem in that it becomes an obstacle for this to function. We discuss the possible reasons for the differently held prioritized value ideals as well as the differently held views on process automation. We conclude that the studied case shows that implementing process automation includes establishing new structures, roles and responsibilities and comes with certain issues, as those highlighted by our analysis. We found the combination of value ideals and stakeholder theory useful in studying e-government initiatives and make some further recommendations on possible future, related, streams of research.
|
|
| 30. |
- Toll, Daniel, 1992-
(författare)
-
Process Automation in Swedish Municipalities : Stakeholders, Challenges, and Public Values
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of process automation has spread in Swedish municipalities to automate administrative processes, but the knowledge of how this plays out in practice is limited. The employee perspective is under-researched and more knowledge on how process automation is understood by and affects stakeholders is needed. Additionally, as process automation has proven difficult in practice, investigating these challenges can help practitioners. This dissertation investigates what stakeholders are involved in process automation initiatives in Swedish municipalities, how they view process automation, and what challenges are faced as part of these initiatives. These views and challenges are analyzed with a combined analytical lens of stakeholder theory and public value. This answers previous calls for research on how technology in public sector organizations relates to different underlying values. This is a compilation dissertation based on six research papers. The research process is based on a qualitative and interpretative approach, where most of the empirical material consists of interviews with employees involved in process automation initiatives in three Swedish municipalities. The analysis revolves around the identification of five stakeholder groups: Automation strategists, Support staff, Operational staff, IT personnel, and RPA companies. These stakeholder groups have different views on process automation and hold different perspectives of what the automation of processes will lead to. The challenges of process automation initiatives include the need for different competencies, lacking stakeholder buy-in, and difficulties in identifying processes to automate. Using the combined analytical lens of stakeholder theory and public value, these views and challenges are analyzed further, showing that they can be understood as different stakeholders striving for different sets of values as well as having different perspectives on how values relate to one another and how technology affects these relationships. The dissertation concludes that process automation has a more limited scope than was initially expected based on the policy push for process automation, that it is driven by and focuses on a particular set of values that are seen by some as incompatible with other sets of values, and that the challenges that emerge can be thought of as tensions that can and should occur to achieve a balance between different public values.
|
|
| 31. |
- Toll, Daniel, 1992-
(författare)
-
SOCIOTECHNICAL IMAGINARIES OF THE AUTOMATED MUNICIPALITY
- 2022
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the last few years, Swedish municipalities have striven to adopt automation to increase their internal efficiency by automating administrative processes. This E-Government initiative is taking place as part of the ongoing digitalization efforts by Swedish municipalities. To be able to automate processes, municipalities are introducing new types of software, such as Robotic Process Automation (RPA). This allows the need for human involvement to be reduced, by letting a software robot perform processes instead. In adopting automation, several different stakeholders are involved, ranging from the original suppliers of the software to the case workers performing processes that might be automated. The aim of this thesis is to explore and understand different stakeholder perspectives on automation. This is done by identifying sociotechnical imaginaries of automation amongst involved stakeholders by conducting a qualitative and interpretive analysis of the contents of the five papers that are part of this thesis. Sociotechnical imaginaries of automation are visions of the future that stakeholders imagine automation as able to bring. Three sociotechnical imaginaries of automation are identified: Automation is a new era of digitalization, Automation is a powerful tool, and Automation is just another software. These imaginaries are held and performed by six stake-holder groups: Suppliers, Developers, Policymakers, Strategists, Civil serv-ants, and IT Department. Underlying interests, closeness to real-life-practice, experience with automation and how stakeholders influence each other are discussed as possible reasons for there being different sociotechnical imaginaries. From this, it is concluded that different stakeholders have different ideas of what automation entails and thus what “the automated municipality” looks like. Contradictions between different sociotechnical imaginaries are potential obstacles of communication and co-operation as different stakeholders may plan and approach automation differently. This thesis contributes a novel way of how the adoption of automation in Swedish municipalities can be understood.
|
|
| 32. |
- Toll, Daniel, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
-
Stakeholder Views of Process Automation as an Enabler of Prioritized Value Ideals in a Swedish Municipality
- 2022
-
Ingår i: eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government. - : JEDEM Journal of e-Democracy and Open Government. - 2075-9517. ; 14:2, s. 32-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Municipalities in Sweden are recommended to pursue process automation to face upcoming societal challenges. This paper focuses on a case where these recommendations are operationalized. Views on process automation held by different stakeholders, in relation to value ideals they prioritize in their respective areas of work, are explored by combining stakeholder theory and a model of public value ideals. Our findings show that, different stakeholder groups prioritize different values and that their views on process automation as an enabler of these value ideals are either optimistic, undecided, or pessimistic, where the latter two can be considered obstacles. This paper contributes, with an empirical illustration of how process automation is operationalized, answering previous calls for more research on this topic. We also elaborate on the use of stakeholder theory and public value as an analytical lens, contributing to the growing body of research attempting to understand process automation.
|
|
| 33. |
- Toll, Daniel, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
-
Values, Benefits, Considerations and Risks of AI in Government : A Study of AI Policy Documents in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government. - Austria : Department for E-Governance and Administration, Danube University Krems. - 2075-9517. ; 12:1, s. 40-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is currently an ongoing, global race to develop, implement, and make use of AI in both the private and public sectors. How AI will affect responsibilities and public values to be upheld by government remains to be seen. This paper analyzes how AI is portrayed in Swe-dish policy documents and what values are attributed to the use of AI, based on an established e-government value framework. Statements are identified in policy documents and are coded into one of four value ideals, as well as being either a benefit, a consideration, or a risk. We conclude that there is discrepancy in the policy level discourse concerning AI between the dif-ferent value ideals and that the discourse surrounding AI is overly optimistic. A more nuanced view of AI in government is needed to create realistic expectations.
|
|
| 34. |
- Tomasoni, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of multimorbidity in patients with heart failure across the left ventricular ejection fraction spectrum: Data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : WILEY. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsThe aim of this analysis was to provide data on the overall comorbidity burden, both cardiovascular (CV) and non-CV, in a large real-world heart failure (HF) population across the ejection fraction (EF).Methods and resultsPatients with HF from the Swedish HF Registry between 2000 and 2021 were included. Of 91 463 patients (median age 76 years [interquartile range 67-82]), 98% had at least one among the 17 explored comorbidities (94% at least one CV and 85% at least one non-CV comorbidity). All comorbidities, except for coronary artery disease (CAD), were more frequent in HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). Patients with multiple comorbidities were older, more likely female, inpatients, with HFpEF, worse New York Heart Association class and higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels. In a multivariable Cox model, 12 comorbidities were independently associated with a higher risk of death from any cause. The highest risk was associated with dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-1.65), chronic kidney disease (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.34-1.41), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.28-1.35). Obesity was associated with a lower risk of all-cause death (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.79-0.84). CAD and valvular heart disease were associated with a higher risk of all-cause and CV mortality, but not non-CV mortality, whereas cancer and musculo-skeletal disease increased the risk of non-CV mortality. A significant interaction with EF was observed for several comorbidities. Occurrence of CV and non-CV outcomes was related to the number of CV and non-CV comorbidities, respectively.ConclusionThe burden of both CV and non-CV comorbidities was high in HF regardless of EF, but overall higher in HFpEF. Multimorbidity was associated with a high risk of death with a different burden on CV or non-CV outcomes. Prevalence and outcome of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities and of multimorbidity among 91 463 patients from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. CAD, coronary artery disease; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CV, cardiovascular; HFmrEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HR, hazard ratio; PAD, peripheral artery disease; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.image
|
|
| 35. |
- Velsberg, Ott, 1990-
(författare)
-
In the age of IoT : exploring public sector smartness
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smartness, which is emerging as a desirable attribute of governments, cities, and communities, has received heightened attention from researchers and practitioners. Smartness is a technology-centric view in which it is postulated that the public sector can become more resilient by adopting emergent technologies that improve efficiency, equality, citizen-centricity, transparency, collaboration, and security, thereby shaping the public sector to meet new demands and expectations. However, this novel technology carries several risks. The public sector may downplay the risks of implementing new technologies and the subsequent changes required for its transformation. Consequently, a more nuanced view is required to understand how the public sector can implement new emergent technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) has been a significant force behind the push for smartness in the public sector. IoT is considered as the next radical evolution of the Internet towards a network of connected physical objects that enable interaction and data collection from the physical world, thereby providing data analytics and improving service delivery. Indeed, the development and use of IoT have exploded across the globe, affecting individuals and their interaction with their surroundings, as well as the manner in which businesses and governments operate. Unfortunately, limited information systems research on the transformational power of IoT technologies has been conducted. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how IoT can enable a smarter public sector. Although there is no doubt that IoT technologies can enable smart cities, the use of the technology by the public sector to reap the benefits thereof has not been studied sufficiently. The aim of this research is to offer insight into the use of IoT at the local government level and to conceptualise the created smartness.This dissertation consists of a cover paper and a collection of four research papers that are appended to the dissertation. Each research paper contributes to a better understanding of IoT, its applications, and its benefits for public sector smartness. Two multi-site case studies were conducted on IoT use within the public sector in Northern Europe to provide further insight.This research outlines the areas of IoT implementation in the public sector in Northern Europe. Several key application areas exist within the smart city sphere, in which IoT is widely used to enable smartness. Transportation and infrastructure are the most prevalent application areas for IoT, with more than half of the participating municipalities applying IoT. However, other areas of critical public services, such as education or care and support, lack IoT solutions. The findings demonstrate that the expected results and wide-scale IoT adoption differ significantly from the results of previous theoretical research, and that IoT systems do not meet public sector needs, particularly sectoral needs.The research concludes that the public sector is in its early stages of IoT implementation, namely exploring, prototyping, and piloting. Therefore, it is essential to provide solutions that satisfy the basic requirements of the public sector to support the use of IoT in the public sector and to transition towards smartness. However, this is complicated by the broad spectrum of conditions in which local governments find themselves, and no unique paradigm of smart city evolution exists. Furthermore, the study highlights the transformative potential of IoT in the public sector by identifying four distinct means by which IoT enables a smarter public sector: an increase in contextual awareness, the possibility of data-driven value creation, the reimagination of organisational structures, and innovation-oriented financing. The findings suggest that IoT enables smartness, provides both internal and external benefits, and is created through a combination of technology, people, and organisations. Furthermore, the smartness framework allows for the identification of the specific outcomes of applying emerging technologies to public services. Finally, this study demonstrates ethical perspectives relating to IoT in the public sector that must be considered and proposes means of addressing them. That is, it is proposed that it is crucial to concentrate on purpose limitation, data control, and data management to address the restrictions relating to ethics. In this manner, the study contributes to the discourse on ethics by suggesting practical methods for addressing ethical perspectives arising from IoT.
|
|
