| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Byun, Jinyoung, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis of 61,047 cases and 947,237 controls identifies new susceptibility loci contributing to lung cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Research. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:8, s. 1167-1177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify new susceptibility loci to lung cancer among diverse populations, we performed cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies in European, East Asian and African populations and discovered five loci that have not been previously reported. We replicated 26 signals and identified 10 new lead associations from previously reported loci. Rare-variant associations tended to be specific to populations, but even common-variant associations influencing smoking behavior, such as those with CHRNA5 and CYP2A6, showed population specificity. Fine-mapping and expression quantitative trait locus colocalization nominated several candidate variants and susceptibility genes such as IRF4 and FUBP1. DNA damage assays of prioritized genes in lung fibroblasts indicated that a subset of these genes, including the pleiotropic gene IRF4, potentially exert effects by promoting endogenous DNA damage.
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| 4. |
- Cheng, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Mosaic chromosomal alterations are associated with increased lung cancer risk : insight from the INTEGRAL-ILCCO cohort analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1556-0864 .- 1556-1380.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) detected in white blood cells represent a type of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) that is understudied compared with CH-related somatic mutations. A few recent studies indicated their potential link with nonhematological cancers, especially lung cancer. Methods: In this study, we investigated the association between mCAs and lung cancer using the high-density genotyping data from the OncoArray study of INTEGRAL-ILCCO, the largest single genetic study of lung cancer with 18,221 lung cancer cases and 14,825 cancer-free controls. Results: We identified a comprehensive list of autosomal mCAs, ChrX mCAs, and mosaic ChrY (mChrY) losses from these samples. Autosomal mCAs were detected in 4.3% of subjects, in addition to ChrX mCAs in 3.6% of females and mChrY losses in 9.6% of males. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the presence of autosomal mCAs in white blood cells was associated with an increased lung cancer risk after adjusting for key confounding factors, including age, sex, smoking status, and race. This association was mainly driven by a specific type of mCAs: copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity on autosomal chromosomes. The association between autosome copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity and increased risk of lung cancer was further confirmed in two major histologic subtypes, lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, we observed a significant increase of ChrX mCAs and mChrY losses in smokers compared with nonsmokers and racial differences in certain types of mCA events. Conclusions: Our study established a link between mCAs in white blood cells and increased risk of lung cancer.
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| 5. |
- Ching, Tao-Chung, et al.
(författare)
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The JCMT BISTRO-2 Survey: Magnetic Fields of the Massive DR21 Filament
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 941:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present 850 mu m dust polarization observations of the massive DR21 filament from the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey, using the POL-2 polarimeter and the SCUBA-2 camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We detect ordered magnetic fields perpendicular to the parsec-scale ridge of the DR21 main filament. In the subfilaments, the magnetic fields are mainly parallel to the filamentary structures and smoothly connect to the magnetic fields of the main filament. We compare the POL-2 and Planck dust polarization observations to study the magnetic field structures of the DR21 filament on 0.1-10 pc scales. The magnetic fields revealed in the Planck data are well-aligned with those of the POL-2 data, indicating a smooth variation of magnetic fields from large to small scales. The plane-of-sky magnetic field strengths derived from angular dispersion functions of dust polarization are 0.6-1.0 mG in the DR21 filament and similar to 0.1 mG in the surrounding ambient gas. The mass-to-flux ratios are found to be magnetically supercritical in the filament and slightly subcritical to nearly critical in the ambient gas. The alignment between column density structures and magnetic fields changes from random alignment in the low-density ambient gas probed by Planck to mostly perpendicular in the high-density main filament probed by James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The magnetic field structures of the DR21 filament are in agreement with MHD simulations of a strongly magnetized medium, suggesting that magnetic fields play an important role in shaping the DR21 main filament and subfilaments.
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| 6. |
- Feng, Yifan, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors and Their Applications in Imaging
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO/PR 2022. - : Optica Publishing Group.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present our research on fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and their applications in light detection and ranging (LiDAR), full-Stokes polarimetric imaging, and non-line-of-sight imaging.
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| 7. |
- Feng, Yifan, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors and Their Applications in Imaging
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO-PR 2022 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present our research on fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and their applications in light detection and ranging (LiDAR), full-Stokes polarimetric imaging, and non-line-of-sight imaging.
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| 8. |
- Fu, Xi, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between environmental characteristics, high-resolution indoor microbiome, metabolome and allergic and non-allergic rhinitis symptoms for junior high school students
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 25:4, s. 791-804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhinitis is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally. Microbiome exposure affects the occurrence of rhinitis. However, previous studies did not differentiate allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) in the microbial association analysis. In this study, we investigate 347 students in 8 junior high schools, Terengganu, Malaysia, who were categorized as healthy (70.9%), AR (13.8%) and NAR (15.3%) based on a self-administered questionnaire and skin prick tests of pollen, pet, mould and house dust mite allergens. Classroom microbial and metabolite exposure in vacuumed dust was characterized by PacBio long-read amplicon sequencing, quantitative PCR and LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Our findings indicate a similar microbial association pattern between AR and NAR. The richness in Gammaproteobacteria was negatively associated with AR and NAR symptoms, whereas total fungal richness was positively associated with AR and NAR symptoms (p < 0.05). Brasilonema bromeliae and Aeromonas enteropelogenes were negatively associated with AR and NAR, and Deinococcus was positively associated with AR and NAR (p < 0.01). Pipecolic acid was protectively associated with AR and NAR symptoms (OR = 0.06 and 0.13, p = 0.009 and 0.045). A neural network analysis showed that B. bromeliae was co-occurring with pipecolic acid, suggesting that the protective role of this species may be mediated by releasing pipecolic acid. Indoor relative humidity and the weight of vacuum dust were associated with AR and NAR, respectively (p < 0.05), but the health effects were mediated by two protective bacterial species, Aliinostoc morphoplasticum and Ilumatobacter fluminis. Overall, our study reported a similar microbial association pattern between AR and NAR and also revealed the complex interactions between microbial species, environmental characteristics, and rhinitis symptoms.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hao, Zifan, et al.
(författare)
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High-performance eight-channel system with fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Chip. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2709-4723 .- 2772-2724. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have become a mainstream photon-counting technology that has been widely applied in various scenarios. So far, most multi-channel SNSPD systems, either reported in literature or commercially available, are polarization sensitive, that is, the system detection efficiency (SDE) of each channel is dependent on the state of polarization of the to-be-detected photons. Here, we reported an eight-channel system with fractal SNSPDs working in the wavelength range of 930 to 940 nm, which are all featured with low polarization sensitivity. In a close-cycled Gifford-McMahon cryocooler system with the base temperature of 2.2 K, we installed and compared the performance of two types of devices: (1) SNSPD, composed of a single, continuous nanowire and (2) superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector (SNAP), composed of 16 cascaded units of two nanowires electrically connected in parallel. The highest SDE among the eight channels reaches 96−5+4%, with the polarization sensitivity of 1.02 and a dark-count rate of 13 counts per second. The average SDE for eight channels for all states of polarization is estimated to be 90 ± 5%. It is concluded that both the SNSPDs and the SNAPs can reach saturated, high SDE at the wavelength of interest, and the SNSPDs show lower dark-count (false-count) rates, whereas the SNAPs show better properties in the time domain. With the adoption of this system, we showcased the measurements of the second-order photon-correlation functions of light emission from a single-photon source based on a semiconductor quantum dot and from a pulsed laser. It is believed that this work will provide new choices of systems with single-photon detectors combining the merits of high SDE, low polarization sensitivity, and low noise that can be tailored for different applications.
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| 11. |
- Hao, Zifan, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-channel system with high-performance fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
- 2024
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Ingår i: 2024 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2024 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on an eight-channel fractal SNSPD system in the wavelength range of 940 nm with minimal polarization sensitivity. The best channel exhibits 96% system detection efficiency and 19 cps dark-count rate.
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| 12. |
- Hu, Nan, et al.
(författare)
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Full-Stokes polarimetric measurements and imaging using a fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
- 2022
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Ingår i: Optica. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 2334-2536. ; 9:4, s. 346-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measuring the states of polarization (SoP) of light is fundamentally important for applications ranging from communication, sensing, spectroscopy, imaging, to navigation. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are ideal detectors of choice for faint-light detection and measurements, but SNSPDs themselves cannot resolve the SoP of photons. Here, based on a fractal SNSPD, we demonstrate a full-Stokes polarimetric measurement system that can measure arbitrary SoP of faint light. The measured SoPs are in excellent agreement with those of a state-of-the-art commercial polarimeter, but the sensitivity of our system reaches -86.6 dBm, which is 26.6 dB better than that of the commercial counterpart. As a direct application, we further demonstrate remote polarimetric imaging (i.e., polarimetric LiDAR) with a complete set of polarimetric contrast.
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| 13. |
- Hu, Nan, et al.
(författare)
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Photon-Counting LIDAR Based on a Fractal SNSPD
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (OFC). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a photon-counting LIDAR system based on a polarization-insensitive fractal SNSPD with high detection efficiency and high timing resolution, and showcase depth imaging of an object at 1560 nm with millimeter depth resolution.
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| 14. |
- Hu, Xiaolong, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and their applications in polarimetric imaging
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XVIII. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we review the research and development of the fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), including our demonstrations of high-performance devices and systems with over 80% system detection efficiency, negligibly low residual polarization sensitivity, and low timing jitter. Using the fractal SNSPDs, we demonstrate full-Stokes polarimetric imaging LiDAR.
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| 15. |
- Huang, Zi-Nan, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the stress field in the reactor vessel of the China Initiative Accelerator Driven System during postulated ULOF and UTOP transients
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4549 .- 1873-2100. ; 194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) was proposed by China Academy of Science since 2015. The subcritical reactor in CiADS is a liquid Lead Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) cooled fast reactor. When the reactor core is in operation, the LBE coolant will directly contact and corrode the inner surface of reactor vessel. Due to the high temperature, the corrosion will be more severe. If the stress on the reactor vessel exceeds the limit, the plastic deformation will occur, leading to the generation and expansion of defects and cracks, and the safety of the reactor will be affected. Therefore, evaluating the stress field of the reactor vessel under different operating conditions is a very important research project. In this paper, the finite element analysis software ADINA was applied to analyze the reactor vessel in CiADS, and the ASME Code was used as stress assessment standards. We can preliminarily prove that the stress assessments of the vessel during the postulated Unprotected Loss of Flow (ULOF) accidents satisfy the requirements of ASME Code. The limit reactivity insertion to protect the vessel from plastic deformation is 0.58$ in the postulated Unprotected Transient over Power (UTOP) accidents based on our current results. Therefore, we can preliminarily conclude that the current material selection and structural design of the reactor vessel in CiADS could survive most of the postulated transient accidents considering the stress effect.
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| 16. |
- Karoly, Janik, et al.
(författare)
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The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Studying the Complex Magnetic Field of L43
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 952:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present observations of polarized dust emission at 850 mu m from the L43 molecular cloud, which sits in the Ophiuchus cloud complex. The data were taken using SCUBA-2/POL-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as a part of the BISTRO large program. L43 is a dense (N-H2 similar to 10(22) - 10(23) cm(-2)) complex molecular cloud with a submillimeter-bright starless core and two protostellar sources. There appears to be an evolutionary gradient along the isolated filament that L43 is embedded within, with the most evolved source closest to the Sco OB2 association. One of the protostars drives a CO outflow that has created a cavity to the southeast. We see a magnetic field that appears to be aligned with the cavity walls of the outflow, suggesting interaction with the outflow. We also find a magnetic field strength of up to similar to 160 +/- 30 mu G in the main starless core and up to similar to 90 +/- 40 mu G in the more diffuse, extended region. These field strengths give magnetically super- and subcritical values, respectively, and both are found to be roughly trans-Alfvenic. We also present a new method of data reduction for these denser but fainter objects like starless cores.
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| 17. |
- Li, Yafang, et al.
(författare)
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Lung cancer in ever- and never-smokers : findings from multi-population GWAS studies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 33:3, s. 389-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Clinical, molecular, and genetic epidemiology studies displayed remarkable differences between ever- and never-smoking lung cancer.METHODS: We conducted a stratified multi-population (European, East Asian, and African descent) association study on 44,823 ever-smokers and 20,074 never-smokers to identify novel variants that were missed in the non-stratified analysis. Functional analysis including expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) colocalization and DNA damage assays, and annotation studies were conducted to evaluate the functional roles of the variants. We further evaluated the impact of smoking quantity on lung cancer risk for the variants associated with ever-smoking lung cancer.RESULTS: Five novel independent loci, GABRA4, intergenic region 12q24.33, LRRC4C, LINC01088, and LCNL1 were identified with the association at two or three populations (P < 5 × 10-8). Further functional analysis provided multiple lines of evidence suggesting the variants affect lung cancer risk through excessive DNA damage (GABRA4) or cis-regulation of gene expression (LCNL1). The risk of variants from 12 independent regions, including the well-known CHRNA5, associated with ever-smoking lung cancer was evaluated for never-smokers, light-smokers (packyear ≤ 20), and moderate-to-heavy-smokers (packyear > 20). Different risk patterns were observed for the variants among the different groups by smoking behavior.CONCLUSIONS: We identified novel variants associated with lung cancer in only ever- or never-smoking groups that were missed by prior main-effect association studies. IMPACT: Our study highlights the genetic heterogeneity between ever- and never-smoking lung cancer and provides etiologic insights into the complicated genetic architecture of this deadly cancer.
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| 18. |
- Li, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
- 2022
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Ingår i: Photo‐ and Electro‐Catalytic Processes. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; , s. 415-483
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Mahajan, Anubha, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:5, s. 560-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-9)), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background. Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.
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| 20. |
- Meng, Weida, et al.
(författare)
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Genotype-dependent epigenetic regulation of DLGAP2 in alcohol use and dependence
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26:8, s. 4367-4382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol misuse is a major public health problem originating from genetic and environmental risk factors. Alterations in the brain epigenome may orchestrate changes in gene expression that lead to alcohol misuse and dependence. Through epigenome-wide association analysis of DNA methylation from human brain tissues, we identified a differentially methylated region, DMR-DLGAP2, associated with alcohol dependence. Methylation within DMR-DLGAP2 was found to be genotype-dependent, allele-specific and associated with reward processing in brain. Methylation at the DMR-DLGAP2 regulated expression of DLGAP2 in vitro, and Dlgap2-deficient mice showed reduced alcohol consumption compared with wild-type controls. These results suggest that DLGAP2 may be an interface for genetic and epigenetic factors controlling alcohol use and dependence.
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| 21. |
- Meng, Yun, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal Superconducting Nanowires Detect Infrared Single Photonswith 84% System Detection Efficiency, 1.02 Polarization Sensitivity,and 20.8 ps Timing Resolution br
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2330-4022. ; 9:5, s. 1547-1553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The near-unity system detection efficiency (SDE) and excellent timing resolution of superconducting nanowiresingle-photon detectors (SNSPDs), combined with their other merits, have enabled many classical and quantum photonicapplications. However, the prevalent design based on meandering nanowires makes SDE dependent on the polarization states of theincident photons; for unpolarized light, the major merit of high SDE would get compromised, which could be detrimental to photon-starved applications. Here, we create SNSPDs with an arced fractal geometry that almost completely eliminates this polarizationdependence of the SDE, and we experimentally demonstrate 84 +/- 3% SDE, 1.02-0.02+0.06polarization sensitivity at the wavelength of1575 nm, and 20.8 ps timing jitter in a 0.1 W closed-cycle Gifford-McMahon cryocooler, at the base temperature of 2.0 K. Thisdemonstration provides a novel, practical device structure of SNSPDs, allowing for operation in the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectral ranges, and paves the way for polarization-insensitive single-photon detection with high SDE and high timingresolution.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Vaisvilaite, Liucija, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of exogenous and endogenous parameters on group resting-state effective connectivity and BOLD signal
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computational neuroscience. - New York : Humana Press. - 9781071632291 - 9781071632321 - 9781071632307 ; , s. 195-209
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- fMRI has gained popularity in research and clinical settings. The majority of work relies on group comparisons to identify the resting-state network structure, connectivity, and differences between diverse populations. However, the reliability of fMRI has been doubted together with an increasing number of publications on individual differences and other factors affecting the resting-state fMRI. The current publication addresses the factors that are often overlooked or not accounted for when selecting the “healthy control group” as a baseline for comparison. Our results indicate that additional biological factors, such as blood pressure, level of hemoglobin, waist circumference, time of image acquisition, as well as age and sex introduce variability in the group data. It is therefore likely to conclude that this variability on a group level might in turn affect the differences or changes observed between populations.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Xie, Maomao, et al.
(författare)
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Antibacterial Nanomaterials : Mechanisms, Impacts on Antimicrobial Resistance and Design Principles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 62:17
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to the environment and health. AMR rapidly invalidates conventional antibiotics, and antimicrobial nanomaterials have been increasingly explored as alternatives. Interestingly, several antimicrobial nanomaterials show AMR-independent antimicrobial effects without detectable new resistance and have therefore been suggested to prevent AMR evolution. In contrast, some are found to trigger the evolution of AMR. Given these seemingly conflicting findings, a timely discussion of the two faces of antimicrobial nanomaterials is urgently needed. This review systematically compares the killing mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of antibiotics and antimicrobial nanomaterials. We then focus on nano-microbe interactions to elucidate the impacts of molecular initiating events on AMR evolution. Finally, we provide an outlook on future antimicrobial nanomaterials and propose design principles for the prevention of AMR evolution.
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| 26. |
- Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Single-Photon Detection with 7.7 ps Time Resolution for Photon-Correlation Measurements
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2330-4022. ; 7:7, s. 1780-1787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A broad range of scientific and industrial disciplines require precise optical measurements at very low light levels. Single-photon detectors combining high efficiency and high time resolution are pivotal in such experiments. By using relatively thick films of NbTiN (8-11 nm) and improving the pattern fidelity of the nanostructure of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD), we fabricated devices demonstrating superior performance over all previously reported detectors in the combination of efficiency and time resolution. Our findings prove that small variations in the nanowire width, in the order of a few nanometers, can lead to a significant penalty on their temporal response. Addressing these issues, we consistently achieved high time resolution (best device 7.7 ps, other devices similar to 10-16 ps) simultaneously with high system detection efficiencies (80-90%) in the wavelength range of 780-1000 nm, as well as in the telecom bands (1310-1550 nm). The use of thicker films allowed us to fabricate large-area multipixel devices with homogeneous pixel performance. We first fabricated and characterized a 100 x 100 mu m(2) 16-pixel detector and showed there was little variation among individual pixels. Additionally, to showcase the power of our platform, we fabricated and characterized 4-pixel multimode fiber-coupled detectors and carried out photon-correlation experiments on a nanowire quantum dot resulting in g(2) (0) values lower than 0.04. The multipixel detectors alleviate the need for beamsplitters and can be used for higher order correlations with promising prospects not only in the field of quantum optics, but also in bioimaging applications, such as fluorescence microscopy and positron emission tomography.
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| 27. |
- Zhang, Songhong, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrophobic cryogels prepared via cryo-polymerization as oil carriers for biosynthesis of sophorolipids
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biochemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-703X. ; 161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial synthesis of high-value biochemicals like biosurfactants using renewable substrates has attracted an intensive interest in the past decade. In this work, the bioproduction of sophorolipids was achieved by fermentation of different vegetable oils with the strain of Candida bombicola A0803 using novel hydrophobic poly(butyl methacrylate)(pBMA) cryogels as the oil substrate delivery carriers. The hydrophobic cryogels were prepared successfully via the cryo-polymerization of the reactive emulsion containing hydrophobic monomers under freezing conditions, and the characterization of cryogels was investigated experimentally. The results showed that the polymerization yields of 70 %–89 % were achieved and the cryogels had supermacropores with the maximum porosities of 92 %–96 % and good elasticity in organic solvents but rigid in water, which could provide preferable release properties for vegetable oils. Theie Young's elasticity modulus varied from 0.096 to 0.951 kPa in ethanol and acetone and the related aqueous solutions. With the pBMA cryogels as the delivery carriers of oil substrates, the maximum concentrations of sophorolipids produced for rapeseed, perilla seed and linseed oils were improved 14.5 %, 54.5 % and 53.7 %, while the maximum productivities were improved 14.5 %, 72.1 % and 42.7 % compared with those under the same fermentation condition of free carriers after 204 h–252 h of cultivation, indicating that the hydrophobic cryogels could be an interesting material for the potential applications in biosynthesis areas.
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| 28. |
- Zou, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors working in dual bands and their applications in free-space and underwater hybrid LIDAR
- 2023
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Ingår i: Optics Letters. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 48:2, s. 415-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a fiber-coupled fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) system with minimum polarization dependence of detection efficiency. Its system detection efficiency (SDE) was maximized at the wavelength of 1540 nm, which was measured to be 91 +/- 4%; furthermore, we observed the second local maximum of SDE at the wavelength of 520 nm, which was measured to be 61 +/- 2%. This dual-band feature of SDE was due to the enhancement of the optical absorptance by two longitudinal resonance modes of the micro-cavity. By using high SDE with minimum polarization dependence in these two bands, we implemented a hybrid LIDAR for imaging the remote objects in free space and under water.
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| 29. |
- Zou, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors and Multi-Photon Detectors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present our research progress in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) and multi-photon detectors (SNMPDs), including fractal SNSPDs with reduced polarization sensitivity, two mechanisms of device timing jitter, and SNMPDs integrated with current reservoirs.
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