| 1. |
- Finne, J, et al.
(författare)
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Novel polyfucosylated N-linked glycopeptides with blood group A, H, X, and Y determinants from human small intestinal epithelial cells.
- 1989
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 264:10, s. 5720-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel type of N-linked glycopeptides representing a major part of the glycans in human small intestinal epithelial cells from blood group A and O individuals were isolated by gel filtrations and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose and Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin I-Sepharose. Sugar composition, methylation analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy of the underivatized glycopeptides and FAB-mass spectrometry and electron impact-mass spectrometry of the permethylated glycopeptides indicated a tri- and tetra-antennary structure containing an intersecting N-acetylglucosamine and an alpha (1----6)-linked fucose residue in the core unit for the majority of the glycans. In contrast to most glycopeptides of other sources, the intestinal glycopeptides were devoid of sialic acid, but contained 6-7 residues of fucose. The outer branches contained the following structures: Fuc alpha 1-2Gal beta 1-3GleNAc beta 1- (H type 1) Fuc alpha 1-2Gal beta 1-4GleNAc beta 1- (H type 2) Gal beta 1-4 (Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1- (X) Fuc alpha 1-2Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GleNAc beta 1- (Y) GalNAc alpha 1-3(Fuc alpha 1-2)Gal beta 1-3GleNAc beta 1- (A type 1) GalNAc alpha 1-3(Fuc alpha 1-2)Gal beta 1-4GleNAc beta 1- (monofucosyl A type 2) GalNAc alpha 1-3(Fuc alpha 1-2)Gal beta 1-4 (Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1- (trifucosyl A type 2) The blood group determinant structures were mainly of type 2, whereas glycolipids from the same cells contained mainly type 1 determinants. The polyfucosylated glycans represent a novel type of blood group active glycopeptides. The unique properties of the small intestinal glycopeptides as compared with glycopeptides of other tissue sources may be correlated with the specialized functional properties of the small intestinal epithelial cells.
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| 2. |
- Alksnis, M., et al.
(författare)
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Use of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides for type-specific identification of coxsackie B viruses
- 1989
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Probes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8508 .- 1096-1194. ; 3:2, s. 103-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides were used for type-specific identification of members of the coxsackie B virus group by nucleic acid hybridization. Two pairs of oligonucleotide chains were constructed based on nucleotide sequences in the VP1 regions of coxsackieviruses B3 and B4. Each labelled probe had a length of 24 nucleotides. The results showed that the oligonucleotide hybridized in a type-specific manner when assayed with extracts from cells infected with all different coxsackie B viruses. A method based on similar principles may thus be used for enterovirus typing.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Björk, S, et al.
(författare)
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Structures of blood group glycosphingolipids of human small intestine. A relation between the expression of fucolipids of epithelial cells and the ABO, Le and Se phenotype of the donor.
- 1987
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 262:14, s. 6758-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes) were isolated from specimens obtained at operation from four human individuals with different blood group ABO, Lewis, and secretor phenotypes. The non-acid glycolipids were isolated and characterized by thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, and proton NMR spectroscopy and for reactivity with monoclonal antibodies on thin-layer chromatograms. Monohexosylceramides and blood group ABH (type 1 chain) and Lewis glycolipids with 5-7 sugar residues were the major compounds present in all cases, and the expression of the major blood group glycolipids was in agreement with the ABO, Lewis, and secretor phenotype of the individual donors. Small amounts of more complex glycolipids with up to 10 sugar residues were identified by mass spectrometry in all cases. In addition, small amounts of lactotetraosylceramide, a blood group H-active triglycosylceramide with the structure of Fuc alpha 1-2Gal-Hex-Cer (where Fuc is fucose, Hex is hexose, and Cer is ceramide), and dihexosylceramides were identified in some cases. Globotriaosyl- and globotetraosylceramides were absent from the epithelial cells. Small amounts of Leb-active glycolipids in blood group OLe(a+b-), non-secretor and OLe(a-b-), secretor individuals as well as trace amounts of type 2 carbohydrate chain compounds in all individuals were detected by specific monoclonal antibodies.
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| 5. |
- Bock, K, et al.
(författare)
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Specificity of binding of a strain of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to Gal alpha 1----4Gal-containing glycosphingolipids.
- 1985
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 260:14, s. 8545-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strain of Escherichia coli originally isolated from urine of a patient with acute pyelonephritis was studied in detail for binding to glycosphingolipids. Bacteria labeled metabolically with [14C]glucose were layered over a glycolipid chromatogram and bound bacteria were detected by autoradiography. The detection was down to a few ng of glycolipid (pmol level) under these assay conditions. At a test level of 500 ng all glycolipids (more than a dozen molecular species analyzed) with Gal alpha 1----4Gal as an internal or terminal part bound the bacteria strongly while glycolipids known to lack this sequence were negative. Conformational analysis using hard sphere calculations including the exo-anomeric effect showed a bend in the saccharide chain at this disaccharide with a largely hydrophobic surface of the convex side, probably being part of the binding epitope. Mixtures of glycolipids isolated from a human ureter scraping and from urinary sediments bound bacteria in the 2- to 7-sugar interval. Thus, this infectious strain of E. coli recognizes glycolipids being present in epithelial cells lining the urinary tract.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Breimer, Michael, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Blood group type glycosphingolipids from the small intestine of different animals analysed by mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography. A note on species diversity.
- 1981
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Ingår i: Journal of biochemistry. - 0021-924X. ; 90:3, s. 589-609
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The total non-acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from the small intestine of cat, cod-fish, guinea-pig, hen, mouse, rabbit, and two strains of rat. The samples were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry and for immunological activity. Mass spectrometry of permethylated and LiAlH4-reduced permethylated derivatives allowed the interpretation of the structures (carbohydrate sequence and ceramide composition) of up to 9 glycolipid species in one mixture. The interpretation was facilitated by a temperature programming of the direct inlet probe, leading to a successive evaporation of glycolipid species mainly according to the number of sugars. The structures concluded could in most cases be assigned to the separate bands revealed by thin-layer chromatography. Antigenic determinants proposed by the spectra were settled by immunological analysis. Thus, Forssman glycolipid was identified in cat, guinea-pig, hen and mouse, blood group A glycolipids in cat, rabbit, and rat and blood group B glycolipids in rabbit and rat. No Lewis activity was found. Certain ceramide types were demonstrated to exist preferentially in some glycolipids. Globoside and Forssman glycolipids (globo series) had a less hydroxylated ceramide (one free hydroxyl) compared to most fucolipids and other glycolipids (two or three hydroxyls). In conclusion, glycolipid patterns of intestine vary between species, and individuals of the same species.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Breimer, Michael, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Glycolipids of rat small intestine. Characterization of a novel blood group H-active triglycosylceramide.
- 1980
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Ingår i: Biochimica et biophysica acta. - 0006-3002. ; 617:1, s. 85-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel blood group H-active triglycosylceramide has been isolated from rat small intestine. It was present exclusively in the epithelial cells. The structure was established by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and degradative methods to the Fucp alpha 1 leads to 2Galp beta 1 leads to 4Glcp beta 1 leads to 1Cer. The lipophilic part was made up of mainly trihydroxy base (phytosphingosine) and 16 : 0--24 : 0 fatty acids.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Breimer, Michael, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Glycosphingolipids of rat tissues. Different composition of epithelial and nonepithelial cells of small intestine.
- 1982
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 257:1, s. 557-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The epithelial cells of rat small intestine (jejunum-ileum) were separated from their supporting stroma (residue). Total nonacid and acid glycosphingolipids were prepared from the two compartments. The acetylated nonacid glycolipids were separated into 10-12 fractions by column chromatography. These were analyzed by chromatographic methods, mass spectrometry, and proton NMR spectroscopy and compared with glycolipids isolated from whole rat small intestine. The sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids were compared in the same way without subfractionation. At least 37 different glycosphingolipids (different carbohydrate moieties) were found, 23 in the nonepithelial residue and 17 in the epithelial cells of one rat strain. In a second rat strain, another 4 structures were detected. The glycosphingolipids of epithelial cells and nonepithelial residue were distinctly different. Glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and globotriaosylceramide were found in both compartments, while isoglobotriaosylceramide was restricted to the nonepithelial residue. A tetrahexosylceramide with a terminal Gal alpha 1 leads to 3 on a globotriaosylceramide core was found in both compartments as were homologues with 1 or 2 additional internal leads to 3Gal alpha 1 leads to units, but homologues with 3 or 4 additional internal Gal were only nonepithelial. Glycosphingolipids with terminal beta-GalNAc were restricted to the nonepithelial residue comprising globotetraosylceramide, isoglobotetraosylceramide, and a series of glycolipids with 5 to 9 sugars having the above-mentioned oligohexosylceramides as core structures. Fucolipids (blood group H) having 3, 5, 6, and 7 sugars and lacking amino sugars, and fucolipids with 5 and 10 sugars containing N-acetylglucosamine were restricted to the epithelial cells. Fucolipids (blood groups H and B) with 5 and 6 sugars containing N-acetylgalactosamine were restricted to the nonepithelial residue. In a 4, 6, and 12 sugars were found in the epithelial cells. N-Glycoloylneuraminosyllactosylceramide was the only ganglioside found in the epithelial cells while N-acetylneuraminosyllactosylceramide was nonepithelial together with gangliosides based on gangliotetraosylceramide and isoglobotetraosylceramide.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Breimer, Michael, 1951, et al.
(författare)
-
Isolation and partial characterization of blood group A and H active glycosphingolipids of rat small intestine.
- 1982
-
Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 257:2, s. 906-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood group A and H active glycosphingolipids have been isolated from rat small intestine. By mass spectrometry of the permethylated and LiAlH4-reduced permethylated glycolipid derivatives, the A glycolipids were shown to contain four (A-4), six (A-6), and 12 (A-12) sugar residues, respectively. The anomeric structure of the A-4 and A-6 glycolipids was established by proton NMR spectroscopy of the permethylated-reduced derivatives. Acid degradation and gas chromatography were used for analysis of binding positions. The structures of the A-4 and A-6 glycolipids were GalNAcp alpha 1 leads to 3Galp(2 comes from 1Fucp alpha) beta 1 leads to Glcp beta 1 leads to 1Cer and GalNAcp alpha 1 leads to 3Galp(2 comes from 1Fucp alpha) beta 1 leads to 3GlcNAcp beta 1 leads to 4Galp beta 1 leads to 4Glcp beta 1 leads to 1Cer. The third glycolipid (A-12) was a branched dodecaglycosylceramide with two blood group A determinants. The complete structure of this glycolipid has not yet been solved. The blood group A activity was the same for the A-6 and A-12 glycolipids based on an equal number of blood group A determinants, but the activity of the A-4 compound was only about half of the others. The A-6 glycolipid was based on a type 1 (Gal beta 1 leads to 3GlcNAc) carbohydrate chain, thus differing from the already known isomer based on a type 2 chain (Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc) present in human erythrocyte. The blood group A activity of these two glycolipids was found to be identical. The three rat intestinal blood group A active glycolipids were exclusively located to the mucosa epithelial cells. The blood group H active tri- and pentaglycosylceramides (H-3 and H-5), presumed to be the precursors of the A-4 and A-6 glycolipids, were also identified. A 10-sugar glycolipid (H-10), a possible precursor of A-12, was not detected.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Breimer, Michael, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Structures of the eight- to nine-sugar glycolipids of human blood group A erythrocytes.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate research. - 0008-6215. ; 178, s. 111-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two glycolipid fractions, isolated in 1975 from blood group A1 erythrocytes and shown on the basis of direct-inlet mass spectrometry to contain eight- and nine-sugar A-type sequences, have been reinvestigated by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry and overlay analysis with selected monoclonal anti-A antibodies. The presence of three separate glycolipids was concluded, consistent with a common paragloboside backbone [beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-D-Glc] and a typical erythrocyte ceramide component (sphingosine, and 22-, 23-, 24-, and 25-carbon nonhydroxy fatty acids). It is proposed that they carry A determinants based on Type 1 [beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc], Type 2 [beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc], and Type 3 [beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-alpha-D-GalpNAc] chains, respectively. The Type 1 (eight sugars) and Type 3 (nine sugars) glycolipids appeared in mixtures of both the native and the acetylated form. The existence of Type 1 glycolipid, which appears to be a genuine erythrocyte glycolipid as concluded from the ceramide composition, had been predicted earlier by other workers.
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| 18. |
- Breimer, Michael, 1951, et al.
(författare)
-
Studies on differentiating epithelial cells of rat small intestine. Alterations in the lipophilic part of glycosphingolipids during cell migration from crypt villus tip.
- 1982
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et biophysica acta. - 0006-3002. ; 710:3, s. 415-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epithelial cells of rat small intestine have been separated into three intervals of different maturity correlated to cell migration from the crypt to the villus tip. The total acid and non-acid glycosphingolipids were isolated and analysed by thin-layer chromatography. The amount of glucosylceramide an N-glycoloylneuraminosyllactosylceramide was higher, while the amount of globotriaosylceramide and tetrahexosylceramide was lower in villus tip cells (more differentiated) compared to crypt cells (less differentiated). In addition to these alterations the lipophilic composition changed, as shown by a comparison by mass spectrometry of permethylated and LiAlH4-reduced, permethylated derivatives of two of the non-acid glycolipid mixtures (crypt cells and villus tip cells). The components of ceramide were mainly trihydroxy 18:0 long-chain base (phytosphingosine) and hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acids. The only significant change concerned the fatty acids. In the crypt cell glycolipids the most abundant fatty acid was 20:0 non-hydroxy fatty acid. In the villus tip cells there was a relative increase of hydroxy fatty acids, with the 24:0 species in dominance. This change occurred for most glycolipids, but the fatty acids of glucosylceramide were villus tip-like already in the crypt cells. The blood group A-active tetraglycosylceramide, and probably the hematoside, did not show any alteration in the lipophilic part. The results indicate that the turnover of some glycolipids (or only their lipophilic part) is more rapid than the epithelial cell turnover.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Breimer, Michael, 1951, et al.
(författare)
-
The specific glycosphingolipid composition of human ureteral epithelial cells.
- 1985
-
Ingår i: Journal of biochemistry. - 0021-924X. ; 98:5, s. 1169-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total non-acid and acid glycolipid fractions were isolated from epithelial cell scrapings and the non-epithelial residue of a human upper ureter. The glycolipid fractions were structurally characterized as total mixtures by thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, and proton NMR spectroscopy. Selected structural information was also obtained on binding of monoclonal antibodies and bacteria to the thin-layer chromatograms. The major epithelial cell glycolipids were Glc beta 1-1ceramide (75%), dihexosylceramide (10%) and NeuAcLacceramide (10%). In addition, 8 minor glycolipids belonging to the blood group P, Lewis and ABO systems were identified. The major glycolipids of the non-epithelial residues were mono- and dihexosylceramides together with globotriaosyl- and globotetraosylceramides. The epithelial mono- and diglycosylceramide compounds had an unusual ceramide composition with mainly C18 and C20 trihydroxy long chain bases in combination with C22-C24 hydroxy fatty acids in contrast to the non-epithelial glycolipids which contained mainly C18 dihydroxy long chain bases in combination with C16-C24 non-hydroxy fatty acids.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Kimberling, William J., et al.
(författare)
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Usher syndrome : clinical findings and gene localization studies
- 1989
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Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : Wiley. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 99:1, s. 66-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The issue of genetic heterogeneity is a critical problem in the localization of the gene(s) for Usher syndrome. Based on the data obtained on families studied to date, the differences between type I and type II Usher syndrome appear quite distinct with regard to auditory and vestibular function. Although the majority of families can be confidently diagnosed as typical type I or type II, clinical investigations revealed four families with findings that did not fit into either of the two more common subtypes. These findings emphasize the critical importance of an indepth clinical analysis concomitant with the linkage investigation to assure accurate subtyping of Usher syndrome. Based on an analysis of only those families with definite type I or type II Usher syndrome, approximately 17% of the genome can be excluded as a potential site of the gene for type I, and 14% can be excluded as the site for the type II gene. This study will continue until the Usher gene(s) is successfully localized.
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| 26. |
- Maguire Jr., Gerald Q., et al.
(författare)
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A Digital Radiology Department
- 1982
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Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - 0094-2405. ; 9:4, s. 636-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Maguire Jr., Gerald Q., et al.
(författare)
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Image Processing Requirements and Distributed Networks in a Digital Imaging Environment
- 1982
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Annual Symposium on Computer Application in Medical Care (SCAMC ’82). - : IEEE. ; , s. 923-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper will discuss a unified digital image distribution and processing system linking various digital image sources through a broadband local area network and a comnon image format. Ultimately, the system allows for viewing and processing of all images produced within the complex, and for viewing stations at any number of convenient locations. The physical handling of storage media at image sources, can be totally eliminated. Complete archiving, file maintenance and large scale processing capabilities are provided by a central file server. This paper presents a concrete proposal for an initial system which has a central archiving facility for permanently storing and selectively viewing computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine (NM) and ultrasound (US) images. The system proposed can then be slowly expanded to include all the digital images produced by the radiology the department, and ultimately to include all the images by digitizing those produced in an analog fashion.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Maguire Jr., Gerald Q., et al.
(författare)
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Interface Requirements in Nuclear Medicine-Devices and Systems
- 1982
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : IEEE. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 29:4, s. 1280-1290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interface designs for three nuclear medicine imaging systems, and computer networking strategies proposed for medical imaging departments are presented. Configurations for two positron emission tomography devices (PET III and ECAT) and a general purpose tomography instrument (the UNICON) are analyzed in terms of specific performance parameters. Interface designs for these machines are contrasted in terms of utilization of standard versus custom modules, cost, and ease of modification, upgrade, and support. The requirements of general purpose systems for medical image analysis, display, and archiving, are considered, and a realizable state of the art system is specified, including a suggested timetable.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Noz, Marilyn E., et al.
(författare)
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A distribution system for digital images from diverse image sources : Incorporating a local area network in an imaging environment
- 1983
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Ingår i: Journal of medical systems. - : Kogan Page. - 0148-5598 .- 1573-689X. ; 7:4, s. 349-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a unified image-processing and viewing system as a viewing station and initially as the central file server in a unified digital image distribution and processing network, linking various digital image sources through a high speed data link and a common image format. The network allows for viewing and processing of all images produced within the complex and for locating viewing stations in any number of convenient areas. The system proposed can be slowly expanded to include all the digital images produced within the department of institution.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Zeleznik, Michael P., et al.
(författare)
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PACS User Level Requirements
- 1983
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. - 0361-0748. ; 418, s. 172-177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
- Ångström, Jonas, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical characterization of penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, and nonaglycosylceramides of rat small intestine having a globoside-like terminus.
- 1982
-
Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 257:2, s. 682-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel series of glycosphingolipids has been isolated from the nonepithelial part of rat small intestine. A mixed fraction containing 3 major components corresponding to glycolipids with 5, 6, and 7 sugars and 2 minor components with 8 and 9 sugars was characterized. The structure of the major components was deduced by mass spectrometry and proton NMR spectroscopy of nondegraded permethylated and permethylated-reduced (LiAlH4) derivatives and gas-liquid chromatography of degradation products of native, permethylated, and permethylated-reduced glycolipids. The structures of the penta-, hexa-, and hepta-glycosylceramides were found to be GalNAcp beta 1 leads to (3Galp alpha 1 leads to)2-44Galp beta 1 leads to 4Glcp beta 1 leads to 1Cer. By analogy reasoning, supported by mass spectrometry, the octa- and nonaglycosylceramides were concluded to have 1 and 2 additional internal leads to 3Galp alpha 1 leads to 3 structures, respectively. A pentaglycosylceramide fraction from another rat strain was also isolated. The NMR spectra were in agreement with 2 isomeric structures of which 1 had the internal alpha 1 leads to 4 linkage replaced by an alpha 1 leads to 3 linkage. The fatty acids of all components were nonhydroxy 16:0 to 24:0 acids with the 18:0 homologue as dominating species. The major base was sphingosine and possibly monohydroxy 18:1 base in the larger glycolipids. This is a novel series of structures with a terminal saccharide identical with isoglobotetraoxylceramide (cytolipin R). The glycosyltransferase for the terminal GalNAc beta 1 leads to 3 of cytolipin R may possibly be identical with the enzyme adding the terminal sugar of this novel series. This is supported by the presence in the same tissue of probable precursor glycolipids with 4 to 8 hexoses.
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| 36. |
- Ångström, Jonas, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Separation and characterization of hematosides with different sialic acids and ceramides from rat small intestine. Different composition of epithelial cells versus non-epithelial tissue and of duodenum versus jejunum-ileum.
- 1981
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Ingår i: Journal of biochemistry. - 0021-924X. ; 90:4, s. 909-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hematosides (sialyl-lactosylceramides) of rat small intestine were separated as their acetylated derivatives. The isolated fractions were characterized by mass spectrometry and degradative methods, and the two major fractions also by NMR spectroscopy. From these results hematosides with different sialic acid and ceramide type could be assigned to thin-layer chromatographic bands. This allowed a structural interpretation of the chromatographic patterns observed for different parts of the small intestine. Thus, epithelial cells of ileum contained only hematoside with N-glycoloylneuraminic acid. Duodenum lacked this compound and instead the epithelial cells contained hematoside with N-acetylneuraminic acid. In non-epithelial tissue or both duodenum and jejunum-ileum the major hematoside had N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. The hematosides of epithelial cells had ceramide containing 18 : 0 trihydroxy base combined with 16, 20, 22, 24 : 0, and 24 : 1 hydroxy fatty acids (major part) or non-hydroxy fatty acids. In the non-epithelial hematosides the ceramide consisted of 18 : 1 dihydroxy base combined with 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 : 0, and 24 : 1 non-hydroxy fatty acids.
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| 37. |
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