| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bergman, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Is the Norwegian Business Cycle Asymmetric?
- 1992
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In: Nonlinearities, Disequilibria and Simulation: Quantitative Methods in the Stabilization of Macroeconomic Systems.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
- Biema, Michael K. van, et al.
(author)
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The constraint-based paradigm : integrating object-oriented and rule-based programming
- 1990
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In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Volume 1. - : IEEE Computer Society. ; , s. 358-366
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors introduce a novel formalism that combines the object-oriented and rule-based paradigms in an elegant and orthogonal way. The constraint-based model is a generalization of traditional object-oriented paradigms and is based on three orthogonal subparadigms. The first is constraint-based invocation, which is a generalization of the traditional invocation where dispatch is done based on the types of the arguments. In constraint-based invocation, dispatch is done based on constraints that are arbitrary user-defined predicates. The second subparadigm is instance inheritance, a dual to the concept of class inheritance in the sense that class inheritance structures classes and instance inheritance structures instances. The third is procedural attachments (also known as active values or access-oriented programming), where a function is called in a data-driven manner. The semantics of this concept are generalized to all objects in the constraint-based model. A central philosophical argument is that so-called multiparadigm languages should be developed not by combination of paradigms in a partially integrated system, but by their synergistic unification under a new, subsuming paradigm.
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| 4. |
- Fu, Michael, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Free radical scavenging enzymes and G protein mediated receptor signalling systems in ischaemically preconditioned porcine myocardium.
- 1993
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In: Cardiovascular research. - 0008-6363. ; 27:4, s. 612-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Increased antioxidant defence and altered G protein mediated receptor signalling systems could be expected in myocardial preconditioning. The myocardial antioxidant defence and the integrity of the G protein mediated receptor signalling systems were therefore examined in normal and preconditioned myocardium. METHODS: Preconditioning in the porcine heart was induced by two occlusions of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery for 10 min, with a 30 min reperfusion interval. Left ventricular biopsies were obtained from control and preconditioned regions 30 min after the last occlusion. RESULTS: In biopsies from the preconditioning region, neither the activities of superoxide dismutase of glutathione peroxidase, nor the content of malondialdehyde were changed. There were no alterations in either the number of receptors (beta adrenergic, muscarinic and endothelin receptors) or the amount of G proteins. Furthermore, the activity of adenylyl cyclase remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: No change in the antioxidant defence was demonstrated in preconditioned myocardium. This finding does not support the hypothesis that increased antioxidant defence could contribute to the cardioprotection of preconditioning. Additionally, an intact G protein mediated receptor signalling system was found in preconditioned myocardium with regard to beta adrenergic, muscarinic, and endothelin receptors.
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| 5. |
- Fu, Michael, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Gi-mediated muscarinic adenylyl cyclase inhibition in timolol-treated stunned porcine myocardium.
- 1994
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In: Acta physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 151:3, s. 291-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Gi-mediated muscarinic receptor-adenylyl cyclase system was examined in stunned myocardium induced by either three or five brief ischaemic periods after beta-adrenoceptor blockade by timolol (0.1 mg kg-1). The mid-left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 2, 10 and 2 min in four pigs, and for 2, 2, 5, 10 and 2 min in four other pigs. All the ischaemic periods were separated by 30 min of reperfusion and the biopsies were obtained 60 min after the last ischaemic period. Segment length function was measured in the ischaemic region and in the control region supplied by the left circumflex artery. In the two groups, the percentage systolic shortening was reduced equally, to 59 +/- 9 and 58 +/- 10% of control in the region subjected to ischaemia and only minimally in the control region. The biopsies from the stunned region from both groups showed: (1) no change in either the affinity for carbachol or the number of binding sites of the muscarinic receptors; (2) no alterations in messenger RNA encoding for the alpha subunit-2 of the inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein, as demonstrated by northern blot and solution hybridization; (3) no change in membrane-bound inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein, as shown by enzyme immunoassay utilizing a specific anti-peptide antibody, and (4) unchanged inhibition of stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. These results suggest that there is an intact inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein-mediated muscarinic receptor adenylyl cyclase system in the stunned porcine myocardium.
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| 6. |
- Fu, Michael, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Oxygen free radical injury and Gs mediated signal transduction in the stunned porcine myocardium.
- 1992
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In: Cardiovascular research. - 0008-6363. ; 26:5, s. 449-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate involvement of oxygen free radicals and any changes in the Gs mediated beta adrenergic signalling system of stunned porcine myocardium. METHODS: Myocardial stunning was induced in eight pentobarbitone anaesthetised pigs by brief occlusions of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery for periods of up to 10 min. Segment length function was measured in the ischaemic region and in a control region supplied by the circumflex artery. Left ventricular biopsies were obtained from the two regions 1 h after the last occlusion for ultrastructural and biochemical studies. Timolol has been used to prevent arrhythmia during ischaemia. RESULTS: At the time when biopsies were obtained, percent systolic shortening was reduced to 58% in the region subjected to ischaemia and was only minimally reduced in the control region. In the biopsies from the stunned region: (1) electron microscopy showed mild and reversible intracellular changes in the stunned myocardium; (2) the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased by 66% and 52%, respectively; (3) the content of malondialdehyde was increased by 49%; (4) neither density nor affinity of beta adrenoceptors showed any changes; (5) there were no alterations in messenger RNA encoding for the alpha subunit of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein (Gs), demonstrated by northern and dot-blot hybridisations; (6) ELISA technique utilising a specific antipeptide antibody showed no quantitative change in Gs; (7) the activity of adenyl cyclase was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the stunned porcine myocardium showed substantial evidence of free radical injury, the beta adrenergic signalling system was intact.
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| 10. |
- Lindström, K, et al.
(author)
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Glycosphingolipid expression in spontaneously aborted fetuses and placenta from blood group p women. Evidence for placenta being the primary target for anti-Tja-antibodies.
- 1992
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In: Glycoconjugate journal. - 0282-0080. ; 9:6, s. 325-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A 12-week-old fetus and one 17-week-old fetus + placenta were obtained after spontaneous abortions from two women of blood group p. The 17-week-old fetus was dissected into intestine, liver, brain and residual tissue. Nonacid glycosphingolipid fractions were prepared from the tissues. Glycolipid characterization was carried out using thin layer chromatography immunostained with monoclonal antibodies and bacteria and by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In the placental fraction substantial amounts of globotetraosylceramide (P-antigen) and globotriaosylceramide (Pk-antigen) were identified. In contrast, the fetuses contained only trace amounts of these structures, as revealed by immunostaining. These results indicate that the primary target for the antibodies of the anti-Tja serum is the placenta tissue, resulting in termination of the pregnancy.
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| 11. |
- Lindström, K, et al.
(author)
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Non-acid glycosphingolipid expression in plasma of an A1 Le(a-b+) secretor human individual: identification of an ALeb heptaglycosylceramide as major blood group component.
- 1992
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In: Journal of biochemistry. - 0021-924X. ; 111:3, s. 337-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Total non-acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from plasma of an A1 Le(a-b+) secretor individual with Refsum's disease (phytanic acid storage disease). The glycolipids were separated into 11 fractions by open column chromatography and by HPLC. The fractions were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and tested for different blood group A activities as well as blood group Le(a )and Leb activity. The fractions were structurally characterized by proton NMR spectroscopy and FAB mass spectrometry and in selected cases by EI mass spectrometry of the permethylated and permethylated-reduced derivatives. Degradation analysis was performed on partially permethylated or permethylated-reduced alditol acetates. The dominating blood group compound was found to be a blood group A active type 1 chain difucosylheptaglycosylceramide. Other blood group compounds were identified as a blood group A active type 1 chain monofucosylhexaglycosylceramide, a blood group Leb hexaglycosylceramide, a blood group H active type 1 chain pentaglycosylceramide, and a globotetraosylceramide (the P-antigen). The presence of a Le(a) glycosphingolipid and blood group A type 3/4 chain structures were also found by immunostaining. Glucosyl-, lactosyl-, and globotriaosylceramides were the dominating short chain compounds. The amount of phytanic acid incorporated into the monoglycosylceramide fraction was found to be less than 5% of the fatty acids.
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| 12. |
- Ohlin, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Fine specificity of the human immune response to the major neutralization epitopes expressed on cytomegalovirus gp58/116 (gB), as determined with human monoclonal antibodies
- 1993
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In: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X. ; 67:2, s. 703-710
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The humoral immune response to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) membrane glycoprotein gp58/116 (gB) has been studied by establishing cell lines producing specific human monoclonal antibodies. These cell lines were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from a healthy carrier. Hybridomas producing gp58/116-speciftc antibodies were detected by reactivity to procaryotically expressed proteins containing the major neutralizing epitopes of this glycoprotein complex. One antibody, ITC88, which recognized an epitope located between amino acid residues 67 and 86 of gpH6, potently neutralized the virus at 1 to 2 μg of immunoglobulin G per ml. Only four of the six human antibodies detecting the major neutralizing domain of gp58 neutralized the virus, and none of them required complement for activity. All antibodies that bound mature, processed gp58 recognized a conformational epitope involving sequences between residues 549 and 635. However, small differences existed between the antibodies in the actual minimal requirement for C- and N-terminal parts of this epitope. By peptide mapping with several of the antibodies, the epitope was shown to consist mainly of residues between amino acids 570 to 579 and 606 to 619. Despite the conformational nature of the epitope, the antibodies recognized both reduced and denatured native antigen. Presence of carbohydrates was not required for antigen binding of these gp58-specific human antibodies, but in at least one case, it greatly enhanced antigen recognition, indicating an importance of carbohydrate structures in some epitopes within the major neutralizing specificity of gp58.
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| 13. |
- Rutherford, Diane M, et al.
(author)
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Isolation and identification from Salvia officinalis of two diterpenes which inhibit t-butylbicyclophosphoro[35S]thionate binding to chloride channel of rat cerebrocortical membranes in vitro
- 1992
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In: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 135:2, s. 224-226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ethanolic extracts from dried leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis) showed inhibition of [35S]tertiary-butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) binding to rat brain membranes in vitro. This ligand is considered to bind to the chloride channel of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex in brain tissue. Substances having inhibitory activity were purified and their chemical structure identified as the diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol (IC50 values of 33 +/- 3 microM and 57 +/- 4 microM, respectively). The two compounds did not affect binding of the ligands [3H]muscimol and [3H]diazepam to the GABA/benzodiazepine complex in vitro. Saturation experiments of [35S]TBPS binding indicated that carnosic acid decreases the binding affinity.
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| 14. |
- Rydberg, Lennart, 1944, et al.
(author)
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Serological and immunochemical characterization of anti-PP1Pk (anti-Tja) antibodies in blood group little p individuals. Blood group A type 4 recognition due to internal binding.
- 1992
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In: Molecular immunology. - 0161-5890. ; 29:10, s. 1273-86
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Serum samples from 13 blood group little p individuals were tested by radioimmunoassay for their IgG antibody subclass distribution against the P, P1 and Pk antigens. There was no uniform subclass distribution pattern, although all but one had IgG3 antibodies against all the P system antigens tested. Studies were performed adsorbing anti-Tja serum sequentially to columns with synthetic carbohydrate antigenic determinants within the P system coupled to silica beads (SynsorbsR). The effect on agglutinin and indirect antiglobulin titers was determined after adsorption to SynsorbsR with different P-system antigens (P1, Pk, P). Adsorption to all the three SynsorbsR was needed to eliminate or strongly reduce antibody titers. The effect on IgM, IgG, IgA as well as IgG subclass antibody binding to P, P1 and Pk antigens was also determined by radioimmunoassay and chromatogram binding assay. Anti-PP1Pk antibodies from a little p woman with repeated abortions were shown to bind to glycosphingolipid antigens prepared from one of the aborted placentae using a chromatogram binding assay. This binding was eliminated by serum adsorption to SynsorbsR with P1, Pk and P carbohydrates. Anti-PP1Pk antibodies were also shown to bind to extended structures in the globoseries, i.e. globopentaosylceramide, globohexaosylceramide (globo-H) and globoheptaosylceramide (globo-A). This binding is most probably due to antibodies recognizing internal sequences in the carbohydrate chain. Attempts were made to visualize the binding epitope of the antibodies by computer molecular modelling.
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