| 1. |
- Aasa, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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A characterisation of pain, disability, kinesiophobia and physical capacity in patients with predominantly peripherally mediated mechanical low back pain
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy. - 0031-9406 .- 1873-1465. ; 97:Suppl. 1, s. eS18-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The specific objectives were to: 1) describe the level of pain intensity, disability, activity limitation, kinesiophobia and physical capacity in patients with predominantly peripherally mediated mechanical back pain, and 2) investigate whether differences between these patients in physical and psychosocial factors can be distinguished when the patients are further sub-grouped.Relevance: To improve assessment among patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) it is important to investigate the prevalence of physical and psychosocial features in homogenous sub-groups.Participants: Seventy-one patients with CLBP, 20-60 years old, with peripherally mediated mechanical pain at the the moment for the study, were included and each patient was sub-classified into one of five sub-groups based on their pain behaviour and functional movement pattern (flexion n=20, flexion/lateral shift, n=11, active extension n=23 , passive extension n=8, and multidirectional pattern n=9).Methods: Data on pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), disability (the Roland and Morris Questionnaire), activity limitation (the Patient Specific Functional Scale), kinesiophobia (the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia) and physical capacity (lifting capacity and trunk extensor endurance) was collected.Analysis: Mean and standard deviation for parametric and median and interquartile range for non-parametric data were used for descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA for normally distributed data and Kruskal-Wallis for non-normally distributed data were used for analyses of differences between the sub-groups. The subjects were also divided into two age-groups (20-40 and 41-60 years) and measures of physical capacity were compared to women and men at the ages of 34 and 50, respectively, in the general Swedish population using one sample T-test.Results: The patients reported low to moderate pain intensity (3.1/10±2.4), disability (RMDQ (7.27/24 ±4.2) and kinesiophobia (33.4/68 ±7) and these levels were lower than reported levels in other studies including more heterogenous groups of patients with CLBP. The patiens reported activity limitations (PSFS 13/30±23). Lifting capacity and trunk extensor endurance were significantly lower than in the general population in the youngest age-group. No significant differences in pain intensity, disability, kinesiophobia or physical capacity were found between the sub-groups.Conclusions: This research highlights that patients with predominantly peripherally mediated mechanical back pain may differ from other sub-groups of patients with CLBP (e.g., patients with central sensitization as dominating pain mechanism) regarding physical and psychosocial factors. The individual variation in pain intensity, disability, kinesiophbia and physical capacity among the patients indicates the importance to assess these factors in every patient. Due to the fact that there were few patients in the sub-groups, further research is necessary to explore whether there are differences, that we were not able to disingjish, between patients with different movement patterns.
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Which patients with persistent mechanical low back pain will respond to high load motor control training?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy. - 0031-9406 .- 1873-1465. ; 97:Suppl. 1, s. eS124-eS125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore variables influencing success or failure of eight weeks of high load motor control training with the conventional deadlift exercise.Relevance: Researching viable exercises for rehabilitation of specific sub-groups of persistent low back pain is relevant for physical therapists in order to develop tailored treatment regimes for patients with persistent low back pain. This study contributes to this research by exploring which variables characterize the ideal patient for the conventional deadlift exercise.Participants: Thirty-five patients with persistent mechanical low back pain were recruited consecutively from two occupational health care services in Umeå, Sweden . Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to include patients with persistent mechanical low back pain.Methods: The study design was a prospective cohort study. The intervention consisted of eight weeks of training with the conventional deadlift exercise. To discriminate between patients with a successful or failed outcome of treatment, change in the patient-specific functional scale was used and a cut-off at 50 % improvement was set. Possible predictive variables collected at baseline included physical activity level, pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), activity limitation (the Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Patient-Specific Functional Scale), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), specific anamnestic questions regarding patients' history and symptoms of low back pain, test of active movement control of the low back, trunk muscle endurance(Prone bridge test, Side-bridge test, Biering-Sörensen test) and lift strength (static two-hand lift test), two-point discrimination of the low back and ultrasound imaging of the mm. multifidi.Analysis: Student´s T-test for normally distributed continuous data, Mann Whitney for non-normally distributed continuous data and chi-square tests or Fisher´s Exact tests for categorical variables were used for analyses of differences between the success and the failure group.Results: No significant differences between groups were found in background, anamnestic or physical performance variables. After eight weeks of training, 15 patients (43 %) were categorized as treatment success and 20 patients (57 %) were categorized as treatment failure according to the cut-off set for the PSFS. The patients reported difficulty in performing a wide variation of activities, ranging from not being able to sit for longer than 15 minutes, to stand upright and watch their children play football games, and to not being able to run long distances, play football or perform different lifting tasks.Conclusions: We conclude that the conventional deadlift exercise may be considered a possible exercise to improve patients' activity limitations, if administered by a therapist experienced in resistance training and analyzing movement patterns. However, further research is needed to explore which variables can define patients in the successful and in the failure group, respectively.Implications: The results of this study imply that the conventional deadlift exercise can be used in treatment of patients with mechanical low back pain in order to increase activity limitation. However, it is still unclear on what grounds treatment with the conventional deadlift exercise is indicated to achieve these results.
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| 8. |
- Harden, Jennifer W., et al.
(författare)
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Field information links permafrost carbon to physical vulnerabilities of thawing
- 2012
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 39, s. L15704-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep soil profiles containing permafrost (Gelisols) were characterized for organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) stocks to 3 m depths. Using the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) we calculate cumulative distributions of active layer thickness (ALT) under current and future climates. The difference in cumulative ALT distributions over time was multiplied by C and N contents of soil horizons in Gelisol suborders to calculate newly thawed C and N. Thawing ranged from 147 PgC with 10 PgN by 2050 (representative concentration pathway RCP scenario 4.5) to 436 PgC with 29 PgN by 2100 (RCP 8.5). Organic horizons that thaw are vulnerable to combustion, and all horizon types are vulnerable to shifts in hydrology and decomposition. The rates and extent of such losses are unknown and can be further constrained by linking field and modelling approaches. These changes have the potential for strong additional loading to our atmosphere, water resources, and ecosystems. Citation: Harden, J. W., et al. (2012), Field information links permafrost carbon to physical vulnerabilities of thawing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15704, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051958.
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| 9. |
- Holmberg, David, et al.
(författare)
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Treating persistent low back pain with deadlift training – A single subject experimental design with a 15-month follow-up
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 14:2, s. 61-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder in the western world. Persistent LBP can be caused by pathological changes in the discs and disturbed neuromuscular activation, which can cause hypotrophy of the strong type 2 muscle fibers of the extensors. Deadlift (DL) is an exercise that may address all these pathological transformations. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of DL training on patients with persistent LBP. A single subject experimental design with an AB-design and multiple baselines was applied in this pilot study. Two patients with discogenic LBP and one with arthrogenic LBP were treated with DL training over 8–10 weeks. A follow-up was performed at 15 months. The subjects with discogenic LBP showed positive response to DL training regarding pain intensity and functional status, but the exercise did not affect their mental health. The subject with arthrogenic LBP did not seem to have positive effect from DL training. As a result of this pilot study, the authors hypothesize that DL training may be a successful treatment for subjects with LBP of discogenic origin.
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| 10. |
- Hugelius, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 11:23, s. 6573-6593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soils and other unconsolidated deposits in the northern circumpolar permafrost region store large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). This SOC is potentially vulnerable to remobilization following soil warming and permafrost thaw, but SOC stock estimates were poorly constrained and quantitative error estimates were lacking. This study presents revised estimates of permafrost SOC stocks, including quantitative uncertainty estimates, in the 0-3m depth range in soils as well as for sediments deeper than 3m in deltaic deposits of major rivers and in the Yedoma region of Siberia and Alaska. Revised estimates are based on significantly larger databases compared to previous studies. Despite this there is evidence of significant remaining regional data gaps. Estimates remain particularly poorly constrained for soils in the High Arctic region and physiographic regions with thin sedimentary overburden (mountains, highlands and plateaus) as well as for deposits below 3mdepth in deltas and the Yedoma region. While some components of the revised SOC stocks are similar in magnitude to those previously reported for this region, there are substantial differences in other components, including the fraction of perennially frozen SOC. Upscaled based on regional soil maps, estimated permafrost region SOC stocks are 217 +/- 12 and 472 +/- 27 Pg for the 0-0.3 and 0-1 m soil depths, respectively (+/- 95% confidence intervals). Storage of SOC in 0-3m of soils is estimated to 1035 +/- 150 Pg. Of this, 34 +/- 16 PgC is stored in poorly developed soils of the High Arctic. Based on generalized calculations, storage of SOC below 3m of surface soils in deltaic alluvium of major Arctic rivers is estimated as 91 +/- 52 Pg. In the Yedoma region, estimated SOC stocks below 3mdepth are 181 +/- 54 Pg, of which 74 +/- 20 Pg is stored in intact Yedoma (late Pleistocene ice-and organic-rich silty sediments) with the remainder in refrozen thermokarst deposits. Total estimated SOC storage for the permafrost region is similar to 1300 Pg with an uncertainty range of similar to 1100 to 1500 Pg. Of this, similar to 500 Pg is in non-permafrost soils, seasonally thawed in the active layer or in deeper taliks, while similar to 800 Pg is perennially frozen. This represents a substantial similar to 300 Pg lowering of the estimated perennially frozen SOC stock compared to previous estimates.
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| 12. |
- Mikaelsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Inactivity in adolescents, what are the effects on physical capacity?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy. - 0031-9406 .- 1873-1465. ; 97:Suppl. 1, s. eS808-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of physical activity on physical capacity among graduates from upper secondary school.Relevance: Physical activity and physical fitness are important health related parameters, which both have declined the last decades. Adolescents who are about to leave compulsory school and physical education are supposed to peak regarding physical capacity. Therefore it is interesting to investigate the effect physical inactivity (according to WHO-recommendation) have on physical performance.Participants: The participants where third grade students (38 female and 61 male) from upper secondary school (18 - 20 years).Methods: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to estimate the level of physical activity. The participants were divided, in accordance with World Health Organizations recommendations for physical activity, to A) physically inactive or B) physically active. Physical fitness was tested using the Åstrand bicycle test and functional tests of muscular strength and balance.Analysis: By Student's independent t-test, separate for females and males, differences in aerobic capacity, push-ups, grip strength, vertical jump height, sit-ups and balance, between physically inactive and active were tested.Results: Maximum oxygen uptake differed significantly between physically inactive and active males (mean ± SD: 3.0 ± 0.6 l/kg, vs. 3.6 ± 0.7 p = 0.002) and females (2.5± 0.3 l/kg, vs. 3.0 ± 0.6 p = 0.016). There was a difference among physically inactive and active males regarding push-ups (28.5 ± 7.0 vs. 37.1 ± 9.0, p < 0.001) and sit-ups (39.6 ± 19.4 vs. 59.2 ± 30.2, p = 0.010). No significant differences were found regarding vertical jump or grip strength among males, any of the muscle strength measurements among females, and balance (in any sex).Conclusions: The level of physical activity was related to aerobic capacity in both sexes, but did not seem to have the same impact on muscular fitness and balance, especially concerning the females. Since aerobic capacity is an important parameter in preventing future health problems, it is crucial to engage all adolescents in physical activity.Implications: According to this study physical activity have positive effects on aerobic capacity, without similar trend in muscle strength. Addressing strength training, as complement to aerobic training should be recommended regardless of level of physical activity performed. Therefore we see a future need for promoting and designing detailed guidelines regarding strength training for children and adolescents.
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| 13. |
- Mikaelsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Is self-rated physical activity a good indicator of physical capacity and is time spent sitting negative for physical capacity?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy. - 0031-9406 .- 1873-1465. ; 97:Suppl. 1, s. eS805-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to relate levels of physical activity to physical capacity and to study whether time sitting influences physical capacity among students in upper secondary school.Relevance: Physical activity and physical fitness are important health related parameters. Modern living habits with increased time spent on sedentary behaviors like watching TV and computer gaming have a potential for a negative influence. This calls for reliable and cost-effective measures of physical activities as indicators of physical capacity as tools for identifying people with an inactive lifestyle.Participants: Research participants where 99 third grade students (38 female, 61 male) from upper secondary school in Sweden (18-20 years).Methods: Levels of physical activity was established using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and determined for both 1) Level of activity (Total, Vigorous, Moderate, Walking), 2) IPAQ-classification Amount of activity (High, Medium, Low) and 3) Time sitting. Physical fitness was measured using the Åstrand bicycle test and functional tests of muscular strength.Analysis: The relation between 1) Level of activity, 2) IPAQ- amount of activity and 3) Time sitting and physical capacity was investigated by separate linear regression analyses.Results: There were a relation between Total level of activity and A) aerobic capacity (l/min2) (R2 = 0.1, p = 0.001), B) push-ups (R2 = 0.05, p = 0.011), and C) sit-ups (R2 = 0.046, p = 0.016), while other measure of physical capacity was non significant. An identical pattern was reveled for activity performed on Vigorous level with A) aerobic capacity (l/min2) (R2 = 0.2, p < 0.000), B) push-ups (R2 = 0.16, p < 0.000) and C) sit-ups (R2 = 0.082, p = 0.023). For activity on Moderate level the only significant relation was with aerobic capacity (R2 = 0.033, p = 0.033). For Walking no relation was significant. Regarding the IPAQ-classification of High-, Medium, and Low physical activity, no relation with any measures of physical capacity was found. Further, surprisingly, no relation was found between Time sitting and any measures of physical capacity.Conclusions: The results imply that the intensity of physical activity is of importance for achieving high aerobic capacity, while the amount of activity is not. Further, our results indicate that time sitting is not related to physical capacity.Implications: The self-rated questionnaire IPAQ can be questioned for use as a direct indicator of health parameters as physical capacity. Further, it seems that the intensity of activity is of importance for physical performance.
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| 14. |
- Mikaelsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Physical capacity in physically active and non-active adolescents
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 2198-1833 .- 1613-2238 .- 0943-1853. ; 19:2, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in physical capacity between physically active and non-active men and women among graduates from upper secondary school.Subject and methods: Research participants were graduates (38 women and 61 men) from upper secondary school. Physical activity was determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and participants were dichotomously characterized as being physically active or physically non-active according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). Aerobic capacity was measured using the Åstrand cycle ergometer test. Participants also underwent tests of muscular strength and balance.Results: Maximum oxygen uptake differed significantly between physically active and non-active men (mean ± SD 3.6±0.7 vs 3.0±0.6 l/kg, p=0.002) and women (3.0± 0.6 vs 2.5±0.3 l/kg, p=0.016). There was a difference among physically active and non-active men regarding push-ups (37.1±9.0 vs 28.5±7.0, p<0.001) and sit-ups (59.2±30.2 vs 39.6±19.4, p=0.010). No significant differences were found regarding vertical jump or grip strength among men, any of the muscle strength measurements among women, and balance (in any sex).Conclusion: Activity levels had impact on aerobic capacity in both sexes, but did not seem to have the same impact on muscular strength and balance, especially in women.
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| 15. |
- Mikaelsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between physical capacity and physical activity in adolescents
- 2012
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Ingår i: Gazzetta Medica Italiana. - 0393-3660 .- 1827-1812. ; 171:5, s. 639-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. Physical activity and physical capacity are important health related parameters for all age-groups. Yet, little is known about the relationship between physical activity and physical capacity amongst adolescents about to leave compulsory education. The aim of the study was to investigate how physical capacities are related to self-reported energy expenditure on physical activities at different levels of physical activity and amount of time spent sitting among graduates of upper secondary school. Methods. In total, 99 third grade students participated from upper secondary school. Levels of physical activity and the amount of time spent sitting were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The energy expenditure was calculated based on the activity determined by the IPAQ. The participants' physical capacity was tested using VO2max, muscle strength and balance measures. The relationship between physical activity and physical capacity was addressed using linear regression models. Results. There was significant relationship between Total METs and aerobic capacity (R2 = 0.15), push-ups (R2 = 0.08) and sit-ups (R2 = 0.07). A stronger significant relationship was revealed for activity performed on Vigorous activity METs for aerobic capacity (R2 = 0.23), push-ups (R2 = 0.18) and sit-ups (R2 = 0.10). The regression analyses for Moderate activity METs, Walking activity METs and time spent Sitting showed no significant relationship to any measures of physical capacity. Conclusion. For adolescents, the intensity of physical activity is of importance for achieving high aerobic capacity, and the amount of time spent sitting does not influence physical capacity.
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| 16. |
- Mishra, U., et al.
(författare)
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Empirical estimates to reduce modeling uncertainties of soil organic carbon in permafrost regions : a review of recent progress and remaining challenges
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 8:3, s. 035020-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vast amount of organic carbon (OC) stored in soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region is a potentially vulnerable component of the global carbon cycle. However, estimates of the quantity, decomposability, and combustibility of OC contained in permafrost-region soils remain highly uncertain, thereby limiting our ability to predict the release of greenhouse gases due to permafrost thawing. Substantial differences exist between empirical and modeling estimates of the quantity and distribution of permafrost-region soil OC, which contribute to large uncertainties in predictions of carbon-climate feedbacks under future warming. Here, we identify research challenges that constrain current assessments of the distribution and potential decomposability of soil OC stocks in the northern permafrost region and suggest priorities for future empirical and modeling studies to address these challenges.
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