| 1. |
- Brandon, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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SAFITS - Statistical Analysis of Fires in Timber Structures
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to changes of regulations and product development among other things, the number of multi-storey buildings of timber frame or heavy timber construction has increased consistently in the last two decades. The use of a combustible materials in the structure and the relatively short history with such buildings, has led to insurance related questions regarding risks of property loss. Studies of damages in real fire incidents, where a fair comparison between the fire performance of modern multi-storey timber buildings is made, were lacking. In this study damage data of fire incidents from the USA, Canada, Sweden, New Zealand were found and analyzed. Using different methods the extent of fire damage or the financial damage was compared for fires in multistorey buildings of timber construction types and fires in multistorey buildings of other construction types. For each database a qualitative assessment of the reliability and the fairness of the comparison was made. Also, a comparison, for which only a limited number of fire incidents was available, was made between damages caused in sprinklered fires and damages caused in non-sprinklered fires. In addition to the comparative study also qualitative analysis of 33 high damage fire incidents in multistorey timber buildings was made. The goal of this assessment was to identify the most important details to prevent high damage fires.
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| 2. |
- Dagenais, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings : Global Design Guide
- 2023
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Ingår i: World Conference on Timber Engineering. - : World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE). - 9781713873297 ; , s. 4627-4635
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building codes around the globe dictate the design and construction of buildings. For most buildings, designers will follow prescriptive code provisions to demonstrate code compliance. However, some buidling codes allow the use of performance-based design to demonstrate code compliance. Performance-based design is usually more complex but allows for greater flexibility in the use of materials and systems. Regardless of the code compliance methods, the combustibility of timber structures and wood products needs to be well understood and properly accounted for in building designs. This paper describes the develpment of a new international guidance document on fire safety in timber building within the Fire Safe Use of Wood (FSUW) network, written by 13 lead authors assisted by more than 20 experts in over a dozen different countries.
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| 3. |
- Dunn, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Building execution and control
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781032040394 - 9781032040417 - 9781003190318 ; , s. 407-432
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter covers control of workmanship, fire safety during construction, responsibilities and enforcement, fire detection and suppression and emergency procedures. Quality and inspection of workmanship are vital for high-quality buildings, whether of timber or other construction materials. Timber buildings require certain precautions due to the risk for greater exposure of combustible materials. Furthermore, not all fire safety measures for the final building will be in place throughout construction; consequently, adequate processes are required to maintain the fire safety of building sites. All construction sites require formalised fire safety management systems, including auditing of contractors and subcontractors.
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| 4. |
- Mikkola, Esko, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of fire spread within structures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781032040394 - 9781032040417 - 9781003190318 ; , s. 317-344
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes means of preventing spread of fire and smoke between compartments in timber buildings. Much of this applies to all buildings independent of materials used, but some topics are especially relevant for timber buildings. This chapter highlights critical paths of possible spread of fire into, within and through timber structures, including solutions and detailing to prevent uncontrolled spread of fire and smoke.
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| 5. |
- Salmi, Tapio, et al.
(författare)
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A Robust Method for the Estimation of Kinetic Parameters for Systems Including Slow and Rapid Reactions - From Differential-Algebraic Model to Differential Model
- 2020
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Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI. - 2227-9717. ; 8:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable estimation of kinetic parameters in chemical systems comprising both slow and rapid reaction steps and rapidly reacting intermediate species is a difficult differential-algebraic problem. Consequently, any conventional approach easily leads to serious convergence and stability problems during the parameter estimation. A robust method is proposed to surmount this dilemma: the system of ordinary differential equations and nonlinear algebraic equations is converted to ordinary differential equations, which are solved in-situ during the parameter estimation. The approach was illustrated with two generic examples and an example from green chemistry: synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol.
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| 6. |
- Östman, Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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Active fire protection by sprinklers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781032040394 - 9781032040417 - 9781003190318 ; , s. 345-368
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A wide variety of active fire protection systems are available to fire safety practitioners. In addition to passive fire protection measures, some level of active fire protection is normally required to meet the expected minimum level of fire safety in modern buildings. Active fire protection can also be used to increase the fire safety in order to achieve a more flexible fire safety design and an acceptable level of fire safety in buildings. There are many types of active fire protection systems, but this chapter deals mainly with automatic fire sprinkler systems, since they are often used to facilitate the use of timber as structure, internal linings and external facades in large or complex buildings. Sprinklers are required in some countries for taller timber buildings, as described in Chapter 4.
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| 7. |
- Östman, Birgit, et al.
(författare)
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Fire safety requirements in different regions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781032040394 - 9781032040417 - 9781003190318 ; , s. 117-152
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter summarises the regulatory control systems for fire safety design of buildings in different regions around the globe. It is focused on the possibilities to use wood products and timber structures according to prescriptive requirements. The possible use of structural timber elements and visible wood surfaces in interior and exterior applications are reviewed and presented in tables and maps. They apply mainly to residential and office buildings. Performance-based requirements may be used in several countries and can be used to verify further applications of wood.
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