| 1. |
- Afonso, Marco Martins, et al.
(författare)
-
Kazantsev dynamo in turbulent compressible flows
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. - : ROYAL SOC. - 1364-5021 .- 1471-2946. ; 475:2223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the kinematic fluctuation dynamo problem in a flow that is random, white-in-time, with both solenoidal and potential components. This model is a generalization of the well-studied Kazantsev model. If both the solenoidal and potential parts have the same scaling exponent, then, as the compressibility of the flow increases, the growth rate decreases but remains positive. If the scaling exponents for the solenoidal and potential parts differ, in particular if they correspond to typical Kolmogorov and Burgers values, we again find that an increase in compressibility slows down the growth rate but does not turn it off. The slow down is, however, weaker and the critical magnetic Reynolds number is lower than when both the solenoidal and potential components display the Kolmogorov scaling. Intriguingly, we find that there exist cases, when the potential part is smoother than the solenoidal part, for which an increase in compressibility increases the growth rate. We also find that the critical value of the scaling exponent above which a dynamo is seen is unity irrespective of the compressibility. Finally, we realize that the dimension d = 3 is special, as for all other values of d the critical exponent is higher and depends on the compressibility.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bhatnagar, Akshay, et al.
(författare)
-
Deviation-angle and trajectory statistics for inertial particles in turbulence
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1539-3755 .- 1550-2376. ; 94:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small particles in suspension in a turbulent fluid have trajectories that do not follow the pathlines of the flow exactly. We investigate the statistics of the angle of deviation φ between the particle and fluid velocities. We show that, when the effects of particle inertia are small, the probability distribution function (PDF) Pφ of this deviation angle shows a power-law region in which Pφ∼φ-4. We also find that the PDFs of the trajectory curvature κ and modulus θ of the torsion have power-law tails that scale, respectively, as Pκ∼κ-5/2, as κ→∞, and Pθ∼θ-3, as θ→∞: These exponents are in agreement with those previously observed for fluid pathlines. We propose a way to measure the complexity of heavy-particle trajectories by the number NI(t,St) of points (up until time t) at which the torsion changes sign. We present numerical evidence that nI(St)≡limt→∞NI(t,St)t∼St-Δ for large St, with Δ≃0.5.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bhatnagar, Akshay, et al.
(författare)
-
Heavy inertial particles in turbulent flows gain energy slowly but lose it rapidly
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physical review. E. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0045 .- 2470-0053. ; 97:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an extensive numerical study of the time irreversibility of the dynamics of heavy inertial particles in three-dimensional, statistically homogeneous, and isotropic turbulent flows. We show that the probability density function (PDF) of the increment, W(tau), of a particle's energy over a time scale tau is non-Gaussian, and skewed toward negative values. This implies that, on average, particles gain energy over a period of time that is longer than the duration over which they lose energy. We call this slow gain and fast loss. We find that the third moment of W(tau) scales as tau(3) for small values of tau. We show that the PDF of power-input p is negatively skewed too; we use this skewness Ir as a measure of the time irreversibility and we demonstrate that it increases sharply with the Stokes number St for small St; this increase slows down at St similar or equal to 1. Furthermore, we obtain the PDFs of t(+) and t(-), the times over which p has, respectively, positive or negative signs, i.e., the particle gains or loses energy. We obtain from these PDFs a direct and natural quantification of the slow gain and fast loss of the energy of the particles, because these PDFs possess exponential tails from which we infer the characteristic loss and gain times t(loss) and t(gain), respectively, and we obtain t(loss) < t(gain) for all the cases we have considered. Finally, we show that the fast loss of energy occurs with greater probability in the strain-dominated region than in the vortical one; in contrast, the slow gain in the energy of the particles is equally likely in vortical or strain-dominated regions of the flow.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bhatnagar, Akshay, et al.
(författare)
-
How long do particles spend in vortical regions in turbulent flows?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physical Review E. - 2470-0045. ; 94:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We obtain the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the time that a Lagrangian tracer or a heavy inertial particle spends in vortical or strain-dominated regions of a turbulent flow, by carrying out direct numerical simulations of such particles advected by statistically steady, homogeneous, and isotropic turbulence in the forced, three-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. We use the two invariants, Q and R, of the velocity-gradient tensor to distinguish between vortical and strain-dominated regions of the flow and partition the Q-R plane into four different regions depending on the topology of the flow; out of these four regions two correspond to vorticity-dominated regions of the flow and two correspond to strain-dominated ones. We obtain Q and R along the trajectories of tracers and heavy inertial particles and find out the time t(pers) for which they remain in one of the four regions of the Q-R plane. We find that the PDFs of tpers display exponentially decaying tails for all four regions for tracers and heavy inertial particles. From these PDFs we extract characteristic time scales, which help us to quantify the time that such particles spend in vortical or strain-dominated regions of the flow.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bhatnagar, Akshay, et al.
(författare)
-
Relative velocities in bidisperse turbulent aerosols : Simulations and theory
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physical review. E. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0045 .- 2470-0053. ; 98:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We perform direct numerical simulations of a bidisperse suspension of heavy spherical particles in forced, homogeneous, and isotropic three-dimensional turbulence. We compute the joint distribution of relative particle distances and longitudinal relative velocities between particles of different inertia. For a pair of particles with small difference in their inertias we compare our results with recent theoretical predictions [Meibohm et al., Phys. Rev. E 96, 061102 (2017)] for the shape of this distribution. We also compute the moments of relative velocities as a function of particle separation and compare with the theoretical predictions. We observe good agreement. For a pair of particles that are very different from each other-one is heavy and the other one has negligible inertia-we give a theory to calculate their root-mean-square relative velocity. This theory also agrees well with the results of our simulations.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bhatnagar, Akshay, et al.
(författare)
-
Statistics of the relative velocity of particles in turbulent flows: Monodisperse particles
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physical Review E. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0045 .- 2470-0053. ; 97:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use direct numerical simulations to calculate the joint probability density function of the relative distance R and relative radial velocity component V-R for a pair of heavy inertial particles suspended in homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flows. At small scales the distribution is scale invariant, with a scaling exponent that is related to the particle-particle correlation dimension in phase space, D-2. It was argued [K. Gustavsson and B. Mehlig, Phys. Rev. E 84, 045304 (2011); J. Turbul. 15, 34 (2014)] that the scale invariant part of the distribution has two asymptotic regimes: (1) vertical bar V-R vertical bar << R, where the distribution depends solely on R, and (2) vertical bar V-R vertical bar >> R, where the distribution is a function of vertical bar V-R vertical bar alone. The probability distributions in these two regimes are matched along a straight line: vertical bar V-R vertical bar = z*R. Our simulations confirm that this is indeed correct. We further obtain D-2 and z* as a function of the Stokes number, St. The former depends nonmonotonically on St with aminimum at about St approximate to 0.7 and the latter has only a weak dependence on St.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bhatnagar, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Universal statistical properties of inertial-particle trajectories in three-dimensional, homogeneous, isotropic, fluid turbulence
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 15th European Turbulence Conference, ETC 2015. - : TU Delft.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We obtain new universal statistical properties of heavy-particle trajectories in three-dimensional, statistically steady, homogeneous, and isotropic turbulent flows by direct numerical simulations. We show that the probability distribution functions (PDFs) P(φ), of the angle φ between the Eulerian velocity u and the particle velocity v, at a point and time, scales as P(φ) ∼ φ−γ, with a new universal exponent γ ≃ 4. The PDFs of the trajectory curvature κ and modulus θ of the torsion ϑ scale, respectively, as P(κ) ∼ κ−hκ, as κ → ∞, and P(θ) ∼ θ−hθ, as θ → ∞, with exponents hκ ≃ 2.5 and hθ ≃ 3 that do not depend on the Stokes number St. We also show that γ, hκ and hθ can be obtained by using simple stochastic models. We show that the number NI(t,St) of points (up until time t), at which ϑ changes sign, is such that nI(St) ≡ limt→∞ NI(tSt) ∼ St−∆, with ∆ ≃ 0.4 a universal exponent. t
|
|
| 8. |
- Dikpati, Mausumi, et al.
(författare)
-
DATA ASSIMILATION IN A SOLAR DYNAMO MODEL USING ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTERS : SENSITIVITY AND ROBUSTNESS IN RECONSTRUCTION OF MERIDIONAL FLOW SPEED
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 828:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We implement an Ensemble Kalman Filter procedure using the. Data Assimilation Research Testbed for assimilating "synthetic" meridional flow-speed data in a Babcock-Leighton-type flux-transport solar dynamo model. By performing several "observing system simulation experiments," we reconstruct time. variation in meridional flow. speed and analyze sensitivity and robustness of reconstruction. Using 192 ensemble members including 10 observations, each with 4% error, we find that flow. speed is reconstructed best if observations of near-surface poloidal fields from low. latitudes and tachocline toroidal fields from midlatitudes are assimilated. If observations include a mixture of poloidal and toroidal fields from different latitude locations, reconstruction is reasonably good for. <= 40% error in low-latitude data, even if observational error in polar region data becomes 200%, but deteriorates when observational error increases in low- and midlatitude data. Solar polar region observations are known to contain larger errors than those in low latitudes; our forward operator (a flux-transport dynamo model here) can sustain larger errors in polar region data, but is more sensitive to errors in low- latitude data. An optimal reconstruction is obtained if an assimilation interval of 15 days is used; 10- and 20-day assimilation intervals also give reasonably good results. Assimilation intervals <5 days do not produce faithful reconstructions of flow. speed, because the system requires a minimum time to develop dynamics to respond to flow. variations. Reconstruction also deteriorates if an assimilation interval >45 days is used, because the system's inherent memory interferes with its short-term dynamics during a substantially long run without updating.
|
|
| 9. |
- Dikpati, Mausumi, et al.
(författare)
-
Role of response time of a Babcock-Leighton solar dynamo model in meridional flow-speed reconstruction by EnKF data assimilation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 58:8, s. 1589-1595
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ensemble Kalman Filter in the framework of Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) has been successfully implemented into a 2D kinematic flux-transport dynamo model by Dikpati and colleagues in order to do a parameter estimation, the parameter being the meridional flow-speed as function of time. They performed several 'Observing System Simulation Experiments' (OSSEs), and showed that an optimal reconstruction of time-series of meridional flow-speed can be obtained by using 16 ensemble members and only one surface magnetic observation with 30% observational error. Error in reconstruction can be reduced by increasing the ensemble size and number of observations. However, this parameter reconstruction has been found to be sensitive to locations from where observational data are taken. While assimilation of low-latitudes' surface poloidal magnetic field data can produce good reconstruction, medium frequency oscillations appear in time-series of reconstructed flow-speed if tachocline toroidal field data are assimilated. These oscillations occur primarily because tachocline toroidal fields change very little during an assimilation interval taken to be 15 days, due to changes in meridional flow. A Babcock-Leighton dynamo model's response time to changes in meridional flow-speed is a few months. We show here that rms error in reconstruction can be significantly reduced if model's response time is taken into consideration in assimilation of tachocline toroidal field data.
|
|
| 10. |
- Fornari, Walter, et al.
(författare)
-
Rheology of Confined Non-Brownian Suspensions
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 116:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the rheology of confined suspensions of neutrally buoyant rigid monodisperse spheres in plane-Couette flow using direct numerical simulations. We find that if the width of the channel is a (small) integer multiple of the sphere diameter, the spheres self-organize into two-dimensional layers that slide on each other and the effective viscosity of the suspension is significantly reduced. Each two-dimensional layer is found to be structurally liquidlike but its dynamics is frozen in time.
|
|
| 11. |
- Fornari, Walter, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Rheology of extremely confined non-Brownian suspensions
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 116:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study the rheology of confined suspensions of neutrally buoyant rigid monodisperse spheres in plane-Couetteflow using Direct Numerical Simulations.We find that if the width of the channel is a (small) integer multiple of the spherediameter, the spheres self-organize into two-dimensional layersthat slide on each other and the effective viscosity of the suspension issignificantly reduced. Each two-dimensional layer is found to be structurallyliquid-like but its dynamics is frozen in time.
|
|
| 12. |
- Haugen, Nils Erland L., et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of turbulence on mass transfer rates of small inertial particles with surface reactions
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-1120 .- 1469-7645. ; 836, s. 932-951
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of turbulence on the mass transfer between a fluid and embedded small heavy inertial particles that experience surface reactions is studied. For simplicity, the surface reaction, which takes place when a gas phase reactant is converted to a gas phase product at the external surface of the particles, is unimolar and isothermal. Two effects are identified. The first effect is due to the relative velocity between the fluid and the particles, and a model for the relative velocity is presented. The second effect is due to the clustering of particles, where the mass transfer rate is inhibited due to the rapid depletion of the consumed species inside the dense particle clusters. This last effect is relevant for large Damkohler numbers, where the Damkohler number is defined as the ratio of the turbulent and chemical time scales, and it may totally control the mass transfer rate for Damkohler numbers larger than unity. A model that describes how this effect should be incorporated into existing simulation tools that utilize the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes approach is presented.
|
|
| 13. |
- Jabbari, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
BIPOLAR MAGNETIC SPOTS FROM DYNAMOS IN STRATIFIED SPHERICAL SHELL TURBULENCE
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 805:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent work by Mitra et al. (2014) has shown that in strongly stratified forced two-layer turbulence with helicity and corresponding large-scale dynamo action in the lower layer, and nonhelical turbulence in the upper, a magnetic field occurs in the upper layer in the form of sharply bounded bipolar magnetic spots. Here we extend this model to spherical wedge geometry covering the northern hemisphere up to 75 degrees latitude and an azimuthal extent of 180 degrees. The kinetic helicity and therefore also the large-scale magnetic field are strongest at low latitudes. For moderately strong stratification, several bipolar spots form that eventually fill the full longitudinal extent. At early times, the polarity of spots reflects the orientation of the underlying azimuthal field, as expected from Parker's Omega-shaped flux loops. At late times their tilt changes such that there is a radial field of opposite orientation at different latitudes separated by about 10 degrees. Our model demonstrates the spontaneous formation of spots of sizes much larger than the pressure scale height. Their tendency to produce filling factors close to unity is argued to be reminiscent of highly active stars. We confirm that strong stratification and strong scale separation are essential ingredients behind magnetic spot formation, which appears to be associated with downflows at larger depths.
|
|
| 14. |
- Jabbari, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
Turbulent reconnection of magnetic bipoles in stratified turbulence
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 459:4, s. 4046-4056
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider strongly stratified forced turbulence in a plane-parallel layer with helicity and corresponding large-scale dynamo action in the lower part and non-helical turbulence in the upper. The magnetic field is found to develop strongly concentrated bipolar structures near the surface. They form elongated bands with a sharp interface between opposite polarities. Unlike earlier experiments with imposed magnetic field, the inclusion of rotation does not strongly suppress the formation of these structures. We perform a systematic numerical study of this phenomenon by varying magnetic Reynolds number, scale-separation ratio, and Coriolis number. We focus on the formation of a current sheet between bipolar regions where reconnection of oppositely oriented field lines occurs. We determine the reconnection rate by measuring either the inflow velocity in the vicinity of the current sheet or by measuring the electric field in the reconnection region. We demonstrate that for large Lundquist numbers, S > 10(3), the reconnection rate is nearly independent of S in agreement with results of recent numerical simulations performed by other groups in simpler settings.
|
|
| 15. |
- Kruger, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of turbulent clustering on particle reactivity
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1540-7489 .- 1873-2704. ; 36:2, s. 2333-2340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of turbulence on the heterogeneous (solid-fluid) reactions of solid particles is studied numerically with Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). A simplified reaction system is used, where the solid-fluid reaction is represented by a single isothermal reaction step. It is found that, due to the clustering of particles by the isotropic turbulence, the overall reaction rate is entirely controlled by the turbulence for large Damkohler numbers. The particle clustering significantly slows down the reaction rate for increasing Damkohler numbers which reaches an asymptotic limit that can be analytically derived. This implies that the effect of turbulence on heterogeneously reacting particles should be included in models that are used in CFD simulations of e. g. char burnout in combustors or gasifiers. Such a model, based on the chemical and turbulent time scales, is here proposed for the heterogeneous reaction rate in the presence of turbulence.
|
|
| 16. |
- Mitra, Dhrubaditya, et al.
(författare)
-
Topology of two-dimensional turbulent flows of dust and gas
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Fluids. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-990X. ; 3:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) of passive heavy inertial particles (dust) in homogeneous and isotropic two-dimensional turbulent flows (gas) for a range of Stokes number, St < 1. We solve for the particles using both a Lagrangian and an Eulerian approach (with a shock-capturing scheme). In the latter, the particles are described by a dust-density field and a dust-velocity field. We find the following: the dust-density field in our Eulerian simulations has the same correlation dimension d(2) as obtained from the clustering of particles in the Lagrangian simulations for St < 1; the cumulative probability distribution function of the dust density coarse grained over a scale r, in the inertial range, has a left tail with a power-law falloff indicating the presence of voids; the energy spectrum of the dust velocity has a power-law range with an exponent that is the same as the gas-velocity spectrum except at very high Fourier modes; the compressibility of the dust-velocity field is proportional to St(2). We quantify the topological properties of the dust velocity and the gas velocity through their gradient matrices, called A and B, respectively. Our DNS confirms that the statistics of topological properties of B are the same in Eulerian and Lagrangian frames only if the Eulerian data are weighed by the dust density. We use this correspondence to study the statistics of topological properties of A in the Lagrangian frame from our Eulerian simulations by calculating density-weighted probability distribution functions. We further find that in the Lagrangian frame, the mean value of the trace of A is negative and its magnitude increases with St approximately as exp(-C/St) with a constant C approximate to 0.1. The statistical distribution of different topological structures that appear in the dust flow is different in Eulerian and Lagrangian (density-weighted Eulerian) cases, particularly for St close to unity. In both of these cases, for small St the topological structures have close to zero divergence and are either vortical (elliptic) or strain dominated (hyperbolic, saddle). As St increases, the contribution to negative divergence comes mostly from saddles and the contribution to positive divergence comes from both vortices and saddles. Compared to the Eulerian case, the Lagrangian (density-weighted Eulerian) case has less outward spirals and more converging saddles. Inward spirals are the least probable topological structures in both cases.
|
|
| 17. |
- Mitra, Dhrubaditya, et al.
(författare)
-
Turbophoresis in forced inhomogeneous turbulence
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Plus. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 2190-5444. ; 133:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show, by direct numerical simulations, that heavy inertial particles (characterized by Stokes number St) in inhomogeneously forced statistically stationary isothermal turbulent flows cluster at the minima of mean-square turbulent velocity. Two turbulent transport processes, turbophoresis and turbulent diffusion together determine the spatial distribution of the particles. If the turbulent diffusivity is assumed to scale with turbulent root-mean-square velocity, as is the case for homogeneous turbulence, the turbophoretic coefficient can be calculated. Indeed, for the above assumption, the non-dimensional product of the turbophoretic coefficient and the rms velocity is shown to increase with St for small St, reach a maxima for St approximate to 10 and decrease as similar to St(-0.33) for large St.
|
|
| 18. |
- Pandey, Vikash, et al.
(författare)
-
Clustering and energy spectra in two-dimensional dusty gas turbulence
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Physical review. E. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0045 .- 2470-0053. ; 100:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present direct numerical simulation of heavy inertial particles (dust) immersed in two-dimensional turbulent flow (gas). The dust particles are modeled as monodispersed heavy particles capable of modifying the flow through two-way coupling. By varying the Stokes number (St) and the mass-loading parameter (phi(m)), we study the clustering phenomenon and the gas phase kinetic energy spectra. We find that the dust-dust correlation dimension (d(2)) also depends on phi(m). In particular, clustering decreases as mass loading (phi(m)) is increased. In the kinetic energy spectra of gas we show (i) the emergence of a different scaling regime and that (ii) the scaling exponent in this regime is not universal but a function of both St and phi(m). Using a scale-by-scale enstrophy budget analysis we show that in this emerged scaling regime, which we call the dust-dissipative range, viscous dissipation due to the gas balances the back-reaction from the dust.
|
|
| 19. |
- Pandit, R., et al.
(författare)
-
An overview of the statistical properties of two-dimensional turbulence in fluids with particles, conducting fluids, fluids with polymer additives, binary-fluid mixtures, and superfluids
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 29:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an overview of the statistical properties of turbulence in two-dimensional (2D) fluids. After a brief recapitulation of well-known results for statistically homogeneous and isotropic 2D fluid turbulence, we give an overview of recent progress in this field for such 2D turbulence in conducting fluids, fluids with polymer additives, binary-fluid mixtures, and superfluids; we also discuss the statistical properties of particles advected by 2D turbulent fluids.
|
|
| 20. |
- Rosti, Marco E., et al.
(författare)
-
Rheology of suspensions of viscoelastic spheres : Deformability as an effective volume fraction
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Fluids. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-990X. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study suspensions of deformable (viscoelastic) spheres in a Newtonian solvent in planeCouette geometry, by means of direct numerical simulations. We find that in the limit of vanishing inertia, the effective viscosity mu of the suspension increases as the volume fraction occupied by the spheres Phi increases and decreases as the elastic modulus of the spheres G decreases; the function mu(Phi,G) collapses to a universal function mu(Phi(e)) with a reduced effective volume fraction Phi(e)(Phi,G). Remarkably, the function mu(Phi(e)) is the well- known Eilers fit that describes the rheology of suspension of rigid spheres at all Phi. Our results suggest different ways to interpret the macrorheology of blood.
|
|
| 21. |
- Sharma, R., et al.
(författare)
-
On the energization of charged particles by fast magnetic reconnection
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 470:1, s. 723-731
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the role of turbulence in magnetic reconnection, within the framework of magnetohydrodynamics, using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. For small turbulent intensity, we find that the reconnection rate obeys Sweet-Parker scaling. For large enough turbulent intensity, reconnection rate departs significantly from Sweet-Parker behaviour, becomes almost a constant as a function of the Lundquist number.We further study energization of test-particles in the same set-up. We find that the speed of the energized particles obeys a Maxwellian distribution, whose variance also obeys Sweet-Parker scaling for small turbulent intensity but depends weakly on the Lundquist number for large turbulent intensity. Furthermore, the variance is found to increase with the strength of the reconnecting magnetic field.
|
|
