| 1. |
- Wang, Haidong, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 384:9947, s. 957-979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success.METHODS: We generated updated estimates of child mortality in early neonatal (age 0-6 days), late neonatal (7-28 days), postneonatal (29-364 days), childhood (1-4 years), and under-5 (0-4 years) age groups for 188 countries from 1970 to 2013, with more than 29 000 survey, census, vital registration, and sample registration datapoints. We used Gaussian process regression with adjustments for bias and non-sampling error to synthesise the data for under-5 mortality for each country, and a separate model to estimate mortality for more detailed age groups. We used explanatory mixed effects regression models to assess the association between under-5 mortality and income per person, maternal education, HIV child death rates, secular shifts, and other factors. To quantify the contribution of these different factors and birth numbers to the change in numbers of deaths in under-5 age groups from 1990 to 2013, we used Shapley decomposition. We used estimated rates of change between 2000 and 2013 to construct under-5 mortality rate scenarios out to 2030.FINDINGS: We estimated that 6·3 million (95% UI 6·0-6·6) children under-5 died in 2013, a 64% reduction from 17·6 million (17·1-18·1) in 1970. In 2013, child mortality rates ranged from 152·5 per 1000 livebirths (130·6-177·4) in Guinea-Bissau to 2·3 (1·8-2·9) per 1000 in Singapore. The annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2013 ranged from -6·8% to 0·1%. 99 of 188 countries, including 43 of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, had faster decreases in child mortality during 2000-13 than during 1990-2000. In 2013, neonatal deaths accounted for 41·6% of under-5 deaths compared with 37·4% in 1990. Compared with 1990, in 2013, rising numbers of births, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, led to 1·4 million more child deaths, and rising income per person and maternal education led to 0·9 million and 2·2 million fewer deaths, respectively. Changes in secular trends led to 4·2 million fewer deaths. Unexplained factors accounted for only -1% of the change in child deaths. In 30 developing countries, decreases since 2000 have been faster than predicted attributable to income, education, and secular shift alone.INTERPRETATION: Only 27 developing countries are expected to achieve MDG 4. Decreases since 2000 in under-5 mortality rates are accelerating in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The Millennium Declaration and increased development assistance for health might have been a factor in faster decreases in some developing countries. Without further accelerated progress, many countries in west and central Africa will still have high levels of under-5 mortality in 2030.
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| 2. |
- Bousquet, Jean, et al.
(författare)
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Development and implementation of guidelines in allergic rhinitis – an ARIA-GA2LEN paper.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 65:10, s. 1212-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The links between asthma and rhinitis are well characterized. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines stress the importance of these links and provide guidance for their prevention and treatment. Despite effective treatments being available, too few patients receive appropriate medical care for both diseases. Most patients with rhinitis and asthma consult primary care physicians and therefore these physicians are encouraged to understand and use ARIA guidelines. Patients should also be informed about these guidelines to raise their awareness of optimal care and increase control of the two related diseases. To apply these guidelines, clinicians and patients need to understand how and why the recommendations were made. The goal of the ARIA guidelines is to provide recommendations about the best management options for most patients in most situations. These recommendations should be based on the best available evidence. Making recommendations requires the assessment of the quality of available evidence, deciding on the balance between benefits and downsides, consideration of patients’ values and preferences, and, if applicable, resource implications. Guidelines must be updated as new management options become available or important new evidence emerges. Transparent reporting of guidelines facilitates understanding and acceptance, but implementation strategies need to be improved.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Mohammad, Yousif, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Geochemistry and Ar-Ar muscovite ages of the Daraban Leucogranite, Mawat ophiolite, northeastern Iraq: Implications for Arabia-Eurasia continental collision
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1367-9120. ; 86, s. 151-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Daraban Leucogranite dykes intruded discordantly into the basal serpentinized harzburgite of the Mawat Ophiolite, Kurdistan region, NE Iraq. These coarse grained muscovite-tourmaline leucogranites are the first leucogranite dykes identified within the Mawat Ophiolite. They are mainly composed of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, tourmaline, muscovite, and secondary phologopite, while zircon, xenotime, corundum, mangano-ilemnite and cassiterite occur as accessories. The A/CNK value of the granite dyke samples varies from 1.10 to 1.22 indicating a strongly peraluminous composition. CaO/Na2O ranges from 0.11 to 0.15 and Al2O3/TiO2 from 264 to 463, similar to the strongly peraluminous (SP) granites exposed in ‘high-pressure’ collision zones such as the Himalayas. Ar–Ar muscovite step-heating dating yields 37.57 ± 0.25 and 38.02 ± 0.53 Ma plateau ages for two samples which are thought to reflect either their magmatic emplacement or resetting during collision-related metamorphism. Mineral chemistry shows evidence of both primary and secondary types of muscovite, with cores favouring the magmatic interpretation and slight effects of a late syn-serpentinization fluid seen at the rims. Geochemical features of Daraban Leucogranite dykes favour a syn-collisional tectonic setting. They probably formed in response to the continental collision between Eurasia and Arabia during the initial stage of the opening of the Gulf of Aden at 37 Ma. The muscovite ages and geochemical features of Daraban Leucogranite are strong evidence for the timing of the continental collision between northeastern Arabia and Eurasia in Kurdistan region of Iraq.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, J. Y., et al.
(författare)
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SiGe/Si quantum structures as a thermistor material for low cost IR microbolometer focal plane arrays
- 2011
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Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1101 .- 1879-2405. ; 60:1, s. 100-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncooled microbolometer thermal infrared detector technology is presently revolutionizing the infrared technology field. Essential improvement of the cost/performance ratio would be achieved by microbolometer arrays with higher sensitivity, since this allows the use of simpler and less costly camera optics, which implies a lower cost of the complete IR camera. The sensitivity of the microbolometers depends critically on the signal-to-noise ratio of the integrated thermistor material, which is set by its temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and noise characteristics. In this work we have investigated the use of epitaxial silicon-germanium/silicon (SiGe/Si) quantum well (QW) structures as a thermistor material. Si0.68Ge0.32/Si QW structures typically give a TCR of 3.0%/K and low noise values. A calculation of the noise equivalent temperature NETD of a bolometer gives 25 mK using the following assumptions: f-number = 1, 30 Hz video frame rate for a 640 x 480 array, with a pixel size 25 x 25 mu m. Higher TCR values are foreseen for SiGe/Si quantum dot structures, and the noise is expected to be similar to the QW based structures.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bousquet, J, et al.
(författare)
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Severe chronic allergic (and related) diseases: a uniform approach--a MeDALL--GA2LEN--ARIA position paper
- 2012
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Ingår i: International archives of allergy and immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0097 .- 1018-2438. ; 158:3, s. 216-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concepts of disease severity, activity, control and responsiveness to treatment are linked but different. Severity refers to the loss of function of the organs induced by the disease process or to the occurrence of severe acute exacerbations. Severity may vary over time and needs regular follow-up. Control is the degree to which therapy goals are currently met. These concepts have evolved over time for asthma in guidelines, task forces or consensus meetings. The aim of this paper is to generalize the approach of the uniform definition of severe asthma presented to WHO for chronic allergic and associated diseases (rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis) in order to have a uniform definition of severity, control and risk, usable in most situations. It is based on the appropriate diagnosis, availability and accessibility of treatments, treatment responsiveness and associated factors such as comorbidities and risk factors. This uniform definition will allow a better definition of the phenotypes of severe allergic (and related) diseases for clinical practice, research (including epidemiology), public health purposes, education and the discovery of novel therapies.
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| 9. |
- Dawoodji, Amina, et al.
(författare)
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High Frequency of Cytolytic 21-Hydroxylase-Specific CD8(+) T Cells in Autoimmune Addison's Disease Patients
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 193:5, s. 2118-2126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms behind destruction of the adrenal glands in autoimmune Addison's disease remain unclear. Autoantibodies against steroid 21-hydroxylase, an intracellular key enzyme of the adrenal cortex, are found in >90% of patients, but these autoantibodies are not thought to mediate the disease. In this article, we demonstrate highly frequent 21-hydroxylase-specific T cells detectable in 20 patients with Addison's disease. Using overlapping 18-aa peptides spanning the full length of 21-hydroxylase, we identified immunodominant CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses in a large proportion of Addison's patients both ex vivo and after in vitro culture of PBLs <= 20 y after diagnosis. In a large proportion of patients, CD8(+) and CD4(+) 21-hydroxylase-specific T cells were very abundant and detectable in ex vivo assays. HLA class I tetramer guided isolation of 21-hydroxylase-specific CD8(+) T cells showed their ability to lyse 21-hydroxylase-positive target cells, consistent with a potential mechanism for disease pathogenesis. These data indicate that strong CTL responses to 21-hydroxylase often occur in vivo, and that reactive CTLs have substantial proliferative and cytolytic potential. These results have implications for earlier diagnosis of adrenal failure and ultimately a potential target for therapeutic intervention and induction of immunity against adrenal cortex cancer.
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| 10. |
- Hajiesmaili, Mohammad H., et al.
(författare)
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Joint multipath rate control and scheduling for SVC streams in wireless mesh networks
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing. - 1743-8225 .- 1743-8233. ; 15:4, s. 239-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rate adaptation of video signal for different quality-of-service scenarios through scalable video coding (SVC) standard has been considered as a key feature for multimedia transmission. This paper addresses joint multipath rate control and scheduling for SVC-encoded video transmission over wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Each video stream is assumed to use multipath routing and to possess a staircase utility function. Using the conflict graph that represents the interference-limited model, we formulate the problem as one of maximising the sum of source utilities subject to transport and link layers constraints. The multipath routing over wireless channels and staircase utilities yield a non-convex optimisation problem. To attain a convex formulation, we adopt multimodal sigmoid approximation and exploit utility-proportional fairness approach. Then, employing dual decomposition, we devise a distributed algorithm for joint multipath rate control and scheduling in WMNs. Experiments validate the effectiveness of our endeavor toward achieving cross-layer optimisation for video transmission in WMNs.
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| 11. |
- Holleboom, Adriaan G, et al.
(författare)
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Heterozygosity for a Loss-of-Function Mutation in GALNT2 Improves Plasma Triglyceride Clearance in Man
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier. - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 14:6, s. 811-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have identified GALNT2 as a candidate gene in lipid metabolism, but it is not known how the encoded enzyme ppGalNAc-T2, which contributes to the initiation of mucin-type O-linked glycosylation, mediates this effect. In two probands with elevated plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced triglycerides, we identified a mutation in GALNT2. It is shown that carriers have improved postprandial triglyceride clearance, which is likely attributable to attenuated glycosylation of apolipoprotein (apo) C-III, as observed in their plasma. This protein inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which hydrolyses plasma triglycerides. We show that an apoC-III-based peptide is a substrate for ppGalNAc-T2 while its glycosylation by the mutant enzyme is impaired. In addition, neuraminidase treatment of apoC-III which removes the sialic acids from its glycan chain decreases its potential to inhibit LPL. Combined, these data suggest that ppGalNAc-T2 can affect lipid metabolism through apoC-III glycosylation, thereby establishing GALNT2 as a lipid-modifying gene.
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| 12. |
- Hosseinpour, H., et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous pretreatment of lignocellulose and hydrolysis of starch in mixtures to sugers
- 2010
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Ingår i: BioResources. - : North Carolina State University. - 1930-2126. ; 5:4, s. 2457-2469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixtures of starch and lignocelluloses are available in many industrial, agricultural, and municipal wastes and residuals. In this work, dilute sulfuric acid was used for simultaneous pretreatment of lignocellulose and hydrolysis of starch, to obtain a maximum amount of fermentable sugar after enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase and β-glucosidase. The acid treatment was carried out at 70-150°C with 0-1% (v/v) acid concentration and 5-15% (w/v) solids concentration for 0-40 minutes. Under the optimum conditions, obtained at 130°C, 1% acid, and 7.5% solids loading for 30 min, the starch was almost completely converted to glucose. However, the acid treatment was not successful for efficient hydrolysis of pure cellulose. A mixture of pine softwood and potato as representatives of lignocellulosic and starch components, respectively, were treated at the optimum conditions for acid hydrolysis of starch. The dilute-acid treatment resulted in 1.2, 60.5, and 23.6% hydrolysis of glucan, xylan, and mannan of pine wood and 67% of potato starch to fermentable sugars. After the acid treatment, the solid residue of the mixture was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis under the optimum conditions resulted in conversion of 76% of the glucan in the treated softwood. Therefore, using acid treatment of the mixture is a promising process for pretreatment of wood in addition to the hydrolysis of starch.
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| 13. |
- Lugmayr, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Preface
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Academic MindTrek Conference 2012. ; , s. i-iii
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
- Akbari, H., et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of baker's yeast drying in industrial continuous fluidized-bed dryer
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Food and Bioproducts Processing. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0960-3085 .- 1744-3571. ; 90:1, s. 52-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Instant active dry baker's yeast is a well-known product widely used for leavening of bread, produced by fermentation, and usually dried by hot air to 94–96% dry matter content. Multi-stage fluidized bed drying process is a commercial effective method for yeast drying. In this work, optimum operating parameters of an industrial continuous fluidized bed dryer for the production of instant active dry yeast were investigated. The dryer contained four zones separated with moving weirs. The operating conditions such as temperature, loading rate of compressed yeast granules, and hot air humidity had direct effects on both yeast activity and viability. The most important factors that affected the quality of the product were loading rate and the operational temperature in each zone on the bed. Optimization was performed for three loading rates of the feed to the dryer, using response surface methodology for the experimental design. The most significant factor was shown to be the loading rate with mean fermentation activity values of 620, 652, and 646 cm3 CO2/h for 300, 350, and 400 kg/h loading rates, respectively. The data analysis resulted in an optimal operating point at a loading rate of 350 kg/h and temperatures of zones 1, 2, 3, and 4 controlled at 33, 31, 31, and 29 °C, respectively. The best activity value was predicted as 668 ± 18 cm3 CO2/h, and confirmation experiments resulted in 660 ± 10 cm3 CO2/h. At the same operating point, the average viability of the cells was predicted as 74.8 ± 3.7% and confirmed as 76.4 ± 0.6%. Compared with the normal operating conditions at the plant, the optimization resulted in more than 12% and 27% improvement in the yeast activity and viability, respectively.
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| 15. |
- Ali, Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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A Visualization Study During Flow Boiling of R134a In A Horizontal Microchannel
- 2010
-
Ingår i: ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels Collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting, ICNMM2010<em><em><em><em><em><em></em></em></em></em></em></em>. - 9780791854501 ; , s. 85-94
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the experimental flow boiling visualization results of a microchannel are presented and discussed. A series of visualization experiments have been conducted in a horizontal, circular, uniformly heated microchannel, to record the two-phase flow patterns evolved during the boiling process and to study the ebullition process. A high speed camera (REDLAKE HG50LE) with a maximum of 100000 fps together with tungsten lights was used to capture the images along the test section. Microchannel was made of circular fused silica tube having an internal diameter of 0.781 mm and a uniformly heated length of 191 mm. Outside of the test tube was coated with a thin, electrically conductive layer of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) for direct heating of the test section. Refrigerant R134a was used as working fluid and experiments were performed at two different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C. Mass flux was varied from 100 kg/m(2)s to 400 kg/m(2)s and heat flux ranged from 5 kW/m(2) to 45 kW/m(2). Visualization results show that the bubble growth is restricted by the tube diameter which results in very short existence of isolated bubbly flow regime except essentially restricted to a very short length of test tube. Flow patterns observed along the length were: Isolated bubble, elongated bubble, slug flow, semi annular and annular flow. Rigorous boiling and increased coalescence rates were observed with increase in heat flux. Bubble frequency was observed to increase with both heat and mass flux. A comparison with our previous flow boiling visualization studies, carried out for a test tube of 1.33 mm internal diameter, shows that the number of active nucleation sites is less while the bubble frequency is higher for the current study. Mean bubble length and bubble velocity during elongated bubble flow pattern have also been calculated from the images obtained during the tests.
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| 16. |
- Ali, Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Investigation of Two-phase Pressure Drop in a Microchannel
- 2011
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Ingår i: Heat Transfer Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0145-7632 .- 1521-0537. ; 32:13/14, s. 1126-1138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental results of two-phase pressure drop in a horizontal circular microchannel are reported in this paper. A test tube was made of fused silica having an internal diameter of 781 mu m with a total length of 261 mm and a heated length of 191 mm. The outer surface of the test tube was coated with an electrically conductive thin layer of ITO (indium tin oxide) for direct heating of the test section. Refrigerants R134a and R245fa were used as the working fluids, and mass flux during the experiments was varied between 100 and 650 kg/m(2)-s. Experiments were performed at two different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C for R134a and at three different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 30 degrees C, 35 degrees C, and 40 degrees C for R245fa. Two-phase frictional pressure drop characteristics with variation of mass flux, vapor fraction, saturation temperature, and heat flux were explored in detail. Finally, the prediction capability of some well-known correlations available in the literature, some developed for macrochannels and others especially developed for microchannels, was assessed.
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| 17. |
- Ali, Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Minichannel up to Dryout Condition
- 2010
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Ingår i: MNHMT2009, VOL 2. - New York : AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. - 9780791843901 ; , s. 25-34
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the experimental flow boiling heat transfer results of a minichannel are presented. A series of experiments was conducted to measure the heat transfer coefficients in a minichannel made of stainless steel (AISI 316) having an internal diameter of 1.7mm and a uniformly heated length of 220mm. R134a was used as working fluid and experiments were performed at two different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 27 degrees C and 32 degrees C. Mass flux was varied from 50 kg/m(2) s to 600 kg/m(2) s and heat flux ranged from 2kW/m(2) to 156 kW/m(2). The test section was heated directly using a DC power supply. The direct heating of the channel ensured uniform heating and heating was continued until dry out was reached. The experimental results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with imposed wall heat flux while mass flux and vapour quality have no considerable effect. Increasing the system pressure slightly enhances the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient is reduced as dryout is reached. It is observed that dryout phenomenon is accompanied with fluctuations and a larger standard deviation in outer wall temperatures.
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| 18. |
- Ali, Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Minichannel up to Dryout Condition
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of heat transfer. - : ASME International. - 0022-1481 .- 1528-8943. ; 133:8, s. 081501-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the experimental flow boiling heat transfer results of a minichannel are presented. A series of experiments was conducted to measure the heat transfer coefficients in a minichannel made of stainless steel (AISI 316) having an internal diameter of 1.70 mm and a uniformly heated length of 220 mm. R134a was used as a working fluid, and experiments were performed at two different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 27 degrees C and 32 degrees C. Mass flux was varied from 50 kg/m(2) s to 600 kg/m(2) s, and heat flux ranged from 2 kW/m(2) to 156 kW/m(2). The test section was heated directly using a dc power supply. The direct heating of the channel ensured uniform heating, which was continued until dryout was reached. The experimental results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with imposed wall heat flux, while mass flux and vapor quality have no considerable effect. Increasing the system pressure slightly enhances the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient is reduced as dryout is reached. It is observed that the dryout phenomenon is accompanied with fluctuations and a larger standard deviation in outer wall temperatures.
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| 19. |
- Ali, Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Of Refrigerants R134a And R245fa In A Horizontal Micro-Channel
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Experimental heat transfer. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6152 .- 1521-0480. ; 25:3, s. 181-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Micro-channel-based evaporators are a promising option for high heat flux cooling applications. Micro-channels offer several advantages, including a smaller coolant inventory, superior heat transfer performance, compactness, lightness of weigh. Despite being attractive, the governing phenomena in micro-channels, especially during phase change, are less understood. This article reports the experimental flow boiling heat transfer results of refrigerants R134a and R245fa in a horizontal micro-channel. A series of experiments was conducted to measure the heat transfer coefficients in a circular micro-channel made of fused silica having an internal diameter of 781 mu m and a uniformly heated length of 191 mm. The outer surface of the test tube was coated with a thin, electrically conductive layer of indium-tin-oxide. The surface coating with the electrically conductive layer of indium-tin-oxide made it possible to visualize the flow boiling process simultaneously with uniform heating of the test section. R134a and R245fa were used as working fluids and experiments were performed at a system pressure of 7.7 bar for R134a and at 1.8 bar for R245fa, corresponding to saturation temperature of 30 degrees C. Mass flux was varied from 175 kg/m(2)s to 500 kg/m(2)s, and heat flux ranged from 5 kW/m(2) to 60 kW/m(2). A high-speed camera was used to capture the images in the case of flow boiling of R134a. The experimental results indicated that the heat transfer coefficient increased with heat flux while the mass flux proved to have a negligible effect on heat transfer coefficient.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ali, Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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Flow Patterns and Flow Pattern Maps for Microchannels
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2010 3rd International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies, Theory and Applications - Proceedings, ThETA3 2010. - 9781612842660 ; , s. 33-42
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dense packaging of electronic components generates very high heat fluxes and therefore results in challenges for proper thermal management of such components. Microchannel based evaporators with phase changing liquids are regarded as a promising solution for such high heat flux cooling applications. Due to confinement of flow and differences in the relative importance of governing phenomena, the two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics of microchannels have been shown to be different from those of conventional sized channels. The fact that microchannel is an attractive cooling option but at the same time there is a clear lack of understanding of related hydrodynamic and thermal transport phenomena which provides an impetus for microchannel research. This paper presents the flow patterns and flow pattern maps obtained for an experimental study of R134a during flow boiling in a horizontal microchannel. The microchannel was a fused silica tube, the outer surface of which was coated with thin, transparent and electrically conductive layer of Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO). The microchannel was 781 m in internal diameter and 191 mm in heated length. Operating parameters during the experiments were: mass flux 100-400 kg/m2 s, heat flux 5-45 kW/m2, saturation temperature 25 and 30 °C. A High speed camera was used with a close up lens to capture the flow patterns evolved along the channel. Flow pattern maps are presented in terms of superficial gas and liquid velocity and in terms of Reynolds number and vapor quality plots. The results are compared with some flow pattern maps for conventional and micro scale channels available in literature.
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| 22. |
- Andreasson, Martin, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Voltage and Current Control of Multi-Terminal High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission Systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th IFAC World Congress, 2014. - : IFAC Papers Online. ; , s. 11910-11916
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-voltage direct current (HVDC) is a commonly used technology for long-distance power transmission, due to its low resistive losses and low costs. In this paper, a novel distributed controller for multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) systems is proposed. Under certain conditions on the controller gains, it is shown to stabilize the MTDC system. The controller is shown to always keep the voltages close to the nominal voltage, while assuring that the injected power is shared fairly among the converters. The theoretical results are validated by simulations, where the affect of communication time-delays is also studied.
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| 23. |
- Asadzadeh, Mohammad, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Asymptotic error expansions for the finite element method for second order elliptic problems in R_N, N>=2, I: Local interior expansions
- 2010
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Ingår i: SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis. - : Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM). - 0036-1429 .- 1095-7170. ; 48:5, s. 2000-2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim here is to give sufficient conditions on the finite element spaces near a point so that the error in the finite element method for the function and its derivatives at the point have exact asymptotic expansions in terms of the mesh parameter h, valid for h sufficiently small. Such expansions are obtained from the so-called asymptotic expansion inequalities valid in RN for N ≥ 2, studies by Schatz in [Math. Comp., 67 (1998), pp. 877-899] and [SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 38 (2000), pp. 1269-1293].
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| 24. |
- Björkblom, Benny, et al.
(författare)
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c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Phosphorylation of MARCKSL1 Determines Actin Stability and Migration in Neurons and in Cancer Cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Biology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0270-7306 .- 1098-5549. ; 32:17, s. 3513-3526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell migration is a fundamental biological function, critical during development and regeneration, whereas deregulated migration underlies neurological birth defects and cancer metastasis. MARCKS-like protein 1 (MARCKSL1) is widely expressed in nervous tissue, where, like Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), it is required for neural tube formation, though the mechanism is unknown. Here we show that MARCKSL1 is directly phosphorylated by JNK on C-terminal residues (S120, T148, and T183). This phosphorylation enables MARCKSL1 to bundle and stabilize F-actin, increase filopodium numbers and dynamics, and retard migration in neurons. Conversely, when MARCKSL1 phosphorylation is inhibited, actin mobility increases and filopodium formation is compromised whereas lamellipodium formation is enhanced, as is cell migration. We find that MARCKSL1 mRNA is upregulated in a broad range of cancer types and that MARCKSL1 protein is strongly induced in primary prostate carcinomas. Gene knockdown in prostate cancer cells or in neurons reveals a critical role for MARCKSL1 in migration that is dependent on the phosphorylation state; phosphomimetic MARCKSL1 (MARCKSL1S120D,T148D,T183D) inhibits whereas dephospho-MARCKSL1S120A,T148A,T183A induces migration. In summary, these data show that JNK phosphorylation of MARCKSL1 regulates actin homeostasis, filopodium and lamellipodium formation, and neuronal migration under physiological conditions and that, when ectopically expressed in prostate cancer cells, MARCKSL1 again determines cell movement.
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| 25. |
- Carter, H Ballentine, et al.
(författare)
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Early detection of prostate cancer : AUA Guideline
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 190:2, s. 419-426
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:The guideline purpose is to provide the urologist with a framework for the early detection of prostate cancer in asymptomatic average risk men.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A systematic review was conducted and summarized evidence derived from over 300 studies that addressed the predefined outcomes of interest (prostate cancer incidence/mortality, quality of life, diagnostic accuracy and harms of testing). In addition to the quality of evidence, the panel considered values and preferences expressed in a clinical setting (patient-physician dyad) rather than having a public health perspective. Guideline statements were organized by age group in years (age <40; 40 to 54; 55 to 69; ≥ 70).RESULTS:Except prostate specific antigen-based prostate cancer screening, there was minimal evidence to assess the outcomes of interest for other tests. The quality of evidence for the benefits of screening was moderate, and evidence for harm was high for men age 55 to 69 years. For men outside this age range, evidence was lacking for benefit, but the harms of screening, including over diagnosis and overtreatment, remained. Modeled data suggested that a screening interval of two years or more may be preferred to reduce the harms of screening.CONCLUSIONS:The Panel recommended shared decision-making for men age 55 to 69 years considering PSA-based screening, a target age group for whom benefits may outweigh harms. Outside this age range, PSA-based screening as a routine could not be recommended based on the available evidence.
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| 26. |
- Chaudhary, Shilpi, et al.
(författare)
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Controlled short-linkage assembly of functional nano-objects
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5584 .- 0169-4332. ; 300, s. 22-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we report a method that allows the deterministic, photo-controlled covalent assembly of nanoparticles directly on surface. As a model system, we study the conjugation of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles on a glass surface and confirm that the immobilized nanoparticles maintain their molecular recognition functionality. The glass slide was first modified with perfluorophenylazide and then used to bind MIP nanoparticles under UV irradiation. After each step the surface was analyzed by water contact angle measurement, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and/or synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The MIP nanoparticles immobilized on the glass surface remained stable and maintained specific binding for the template molecule, propranolol. The method developed in this work allows MIP nanoparticles to be directly coupled to a flat surface, offering a straightforward means to construct robust chemical sensors. Using the reported photo conjugation method, it is possible to generate patterned assembly of nanoparticles using a photomask. Since perfluorophenylazide-based photochemistry works with all kinds of organic material, the method developed in this work is expected to enable immobilization of not only MIPs but also other kinds of organic and inorganic-organic core-shell particles for various applications involving photon or electron transfer. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
- Dimakopoulou, Konstantina, et al.
(författare)
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Air Pollution and Nonmalignant Respiratory Mortality in 16 Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 189:6, s. 684-696
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Prospective cohort studies have shown that chronic exposure to particulate matter and traffic-related air pollution is associated with reduced survival. However, the effects on nonmalignant respiratory mortality are less studied, and the data reported are less consistent. Objectives: We have investigated the relationship of long-term exposure to air pollution and nonmalignant respiratory mortality in 16 cohorts with individual level data within the multicenter European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). Methods: Data from 16 ongoing cohort studies from Europe were used. The total number of subjects was 307,553. There were 1,559 respiratory deaths during follow-up. Measurements and Main Results: Air pollution exposure was estimated by land use regression models at the baseline residential addresses of study participants and traffic-proximity variables were derived from geographical databases following a standardized procedure within, the ESCAPE study. Cohort-specific hazard ratios obtained by Cox proportional hazard models from standardized individual cohort analyses were combined using metaanalyses. We found no significant associations between air pollution exposure and nonmalignant respiratory mortality. Most hazard ratios were slightly below unity, with the exception of the traffic-proximity indicators. Conclusions: In this study of 16 cohorts, there was no-association between air pollution exposure and nonmalignant respiratory mortality.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Eslami, Mohammad H., et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Integration in development of complex systems: What suppliers actually do to integrate knowledge with customers?
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown that suppliers not only contribute with their knowledge, but also benefit themselves from systematic knowledge exchanges with buyers. However, it remains rather unclear what suppliers actually do in order to integrate buyer knowledge. This paper provides detailed insights into the micro processes underlying knowledge integration between buyers and suppliers in development of complex system. A detailed case study of one development project at one large international supplier indicates that (1) content, mechanisms, and locus are useful dimensions to describe and analyze knowledge integration between suppliers and buyers; (2) these dimensions of knowledge integration change throughout the phases of the product development process; and (3) that knowledge integration is a multi-level process. Consequently, in order to integrate knowledge with buyers, suppliers need to organize product development as a dynamic process that allows changes of knowledge integration dimensions throughout different phases of development
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Frostevarg, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Improving weld quality by laser re-melting
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 26:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser welding, arc welding, and laser-arc hybrid welding can all result in undercut and varying penetration. In some cases, it is technically and commercially viable to reduce undercut at the weld cap and smooth out the weld root profile by defocussing the welding laser and using it to remelt the welded surfaces.
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| 33. |
- Ghavami, Saeid, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Autophagy and Apoptosis Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Progress in Neurobiology. - Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom : Pergamon Press. - 0301-0082 .- 1873-5118. ; 112, s. 24-49
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autophagy and apoptosis are basic physiologic processes contributing to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Autophagy encompasses pathways that target long-lived cytosolic proteins and damaged organelles. It involves a sequential set of events including double membrane formation, elongation, vesicle maturation and finally delivery of the targeted materials to the lysosome. Apoptotic cell death is best described through its morphology. It is characterized by cell rounding, membrane blebbing, cytoskeletal collapse, cytoplasmic condensation, and fragmentation, nuclear pyknosis, chromatin condensation/fragmentation, and formation of membrane-enveloped apoptotic bodies, that are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages or neighboring cells. Neurodegenerative disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in the Western societies, with larger percentage of members living to an older age. They have to be seen not only as a health problem, but since they are care-intensive, they also carry a significant economic burden. Deregulation of autophagy plays a pivotal role in the etiology and/or progress of many of these diseases. Herein, we briefly review the latest findings that indicate the involvement of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. We provide a brief introduction to autophagy and apoptosis pathways focusing on the role of mitochondria and lysosomes. We then briefly highlight pathophysiology of common neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Then, we describe functions of autophagy and apoptosis in brain homeostasis, especially in the context of the aforementioned disorders. Finally, we discuss different ways that autophagy and apoptosis modulation may be employed for therapeutic intervention during the maintenance of neurodegenerative disorders.
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| 34. |
- Gholami, Mohammad Reza, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Diffusion Estimation over Cooperative Networks with Missing Data
- 2013
-
Ingår i: IEEE Global SIP 2013. - 9781479902484 ; , s. 411-414
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many fields, and especially in the medical and social sciences and in various recommender systems, data are often gathered through clinical studies or targeted surveys. Participants are generally reluctant to respond to all questions in a survey or they may lack information to respond adequately to the questions. The data collected from these studies tend to lead to linear regression models where the regression vectors are only known partially: some of their entries are either missing completely or replaced randomly by noisy values. There are also situations where it is not known beforehand which entries are missing or censored. There have been many useful studies in the literature on techniques to perform estimation and inference with missing data. In this work, we examine how a connected network of agents, with each one of them subjected to a stream of data with incomplete regression information, can cooperate with each other through local interactions to estimate the underlying model parameters in the presence of missing data. We explain how to modify traditional distributed strategies through regularization in order to eliminate the bias introduced by the incomplete model. We also examine the stability and performance of theresulting diffusion strategy and provide simulations in support of the findings. We consider two applications: one dealing with a mental health survey and the other dealing with a household consumption survey.
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| 35. |
- Ghorbanzad‘e, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative and qualitative prediction of corneal permeability for drug-like compounds
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Talanta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-9140 .- 1873-3573. ; 85:5, s. 2686-2694
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A set of 69 drug-like compounds with corneal permeability was studied using quantitative and qualitative modeling techniques. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP-NN) were used to develop quantitative relationships between the corneal permeability and seven molecular descriptors selected by stepwise MLR and sensitivity analysis methods. In order to evaluate the models, a leave many out cross-validation test was performed, which produced the statistic Q2 = 0.584 and SPRESS = 0.378 for MLR and Q2 = 0.774 and SPRESS = 0.087 for MLP-NN. The obtained results revealed the suitability of MLP-NN for the prediction of corneal permeability. The contribution of each descriptor to MLP-NN model was evaluated. It indicated the importance of the molecular volume and weight. The pattern recognition methods principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) have been employed in order to investigate the possible qualitative relationships between the molecular descriptors and the corneal permeability. The PCA and HCA results showed that, the data set contains two groups. Then, the same descriptors used in quantitative modeling were considered as inputs of counter propagation neural network (CPNN) to classify the compounds into low permeable (LP) and very low permeable (VLP) categories in supervised manner. The overall classification non error rate was 95.7% and 95.4% for the training and prediction test sets, respectively. The results revealed the ability of CPNN to correctly recognize the compounds belonging to the categories. The proposed models can be successfully used to predict the corneal permeability values and to classify the compounds into LP and VLP ones. Highlights ► Linear and nonlinear prediction of corneal permeability using molecular descriptors. ► MLP-NN model was found to be more successful than MLR equation. ► Molecular volume and molecular weight were identified as the most important descriptors. ► Categorizing drugs in two low permeable and very low permeable compounds groups. ► CPNN model can correctly recognize objects belonging to the groups.
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| 36. |
- Ghorbanzadeh, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the cellular uptake of magnetofluorescent nanoparticles in pancreatic cancer cells : a quantitative structure activity relationship study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 51:32, s. 10712-10718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An artificial neural network was employed to predict the cellular uptake of 109 magnetofluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) in pancreatic cancer cells on the basis of quantitative structure activity relationship method. Six descriptors chosen by combining self organizing map and stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques were used to correlate the nanostructure of the studied particles with their bioactivity using MLR and multilayered perceptron neural network (MLP-NN) modeling techniques. For the MLR and MLP-NN models, the correlation coefficient was 0.769 and 0.934, and the root-mean-square error was 0.364 and 0.150, respectively. The results obtained after a leave-many-out cross-validation test revealed the credibility of MLP-NN for the prediction of cellular uptake of NPs. In addition, sensitivity analysis of MLP-NN model indicated that the number of hydrogen-bond donor sites in the organic coating of a NP is the predominant factor responsible for cellular uptake.
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| 37. |
- Givehchi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Spot-welding sequence planning and optimization using a hybrid rule-based approach and genetic algorithm
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 27:4, s. 714-722
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performing assembly planning to find a valid hierarchical assembling structure of a product (i.e. Manufacturing Bill of Materials or MBOM) based on the constraints and necessities inferred from or declared by different sources is potentially complicated. On the other hand, Engineering Changes (EC) may drastically affect the constraints and necessities which the planning of an MBOM was based on. Managing ECs to evaluate and propagate their effects on the upstream data used in assembly planning and downstream activities and information is crucial but problematic. Often it is possible to define a set of rules for the constraints and necessities of assembly planning and find solutions or check validity of solutions based on the rule-set. This paper proposes a rule-based assembly planning method and introduces the concepts and standard notations on how structured rule-sets can be derived from descriptive rules and then used in an algorithm for generating or validating MBOMs. The method was partially automated and successfully employed along with a commercial Virtual Manufacturing package integrated with an in-house developed GA-based sequence optimizer and applied to the sequence optimization in minimizing the cycle time of the robotic spot welding operations for a sheet-metal assembly found in automotive industry. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Hawkesworth, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Combined Food and Micronutrient Supplements during Pregnancy Have Limited Impact on Child Blood Pressure and Kidney Function in Rural Bangladesh
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 143:5, s. 728-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observational evidence suggests nutritional exposures during in utero development may have long-lasting consequences for health; data from interventions are scarce. Here, we present a trial follow-up study to assess the association between prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation and childhood blood pressure and kidney function. During the MINIMat Trial in rural Bangladesh, women were randomly assigned early in pregnancy to receive an early or later invitation to attend a food supplementation program and additionally to receive either iron and folate or multiple micronutrient tablets daily. The 3267 singleton birth individuals with measured anthropometry born during the trial were eligible for a follow-up study at 4.5 y old. A total of 77% of eligible individuals were recruited and blood pressure, kidney size by ultrasound, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; calculated from plasma cystatin c) were assessed. In adjusted analysis, early invitation to food supplementation was associated with a 0.72-mm Hg [(95% CI: 0.16, 1.28); P = 0.01] lower childhood diastolic blood pressure and maternal MMS supplementation was associated with a marginally higher [0.87 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.18, 1.56); P = 0.01] childhood diastolic blood pressure. There was also some evidence that a supplement higher in iron was associated with a higher offspring GFR. No other effects of the food or micronutrient interventions were observed and there was no interaction between the interventions on the outcomes studied. These marginal associations and small effect sizes suggest limited public health importance in early childhood.
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| 40. |
- Hawlader, Mohammad D H, et al.
(författare)
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Ascaris lumbricoids Infection as a Risk Factor for Asthma and Atopy in Rural Bangladeshi Children.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tropical Medicine and Health. - : Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine. - 1348-8945 .- 1349-4147. ; 42:2, s. 77-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Controversy persists as to whether helminth infections cause or protect against asthma and atopy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of helminth infection on asthma and atopy among Bangladeshi children. A total of 912 children aged 4.5 years (mean = 54.4, range = 53.5-60.8 months) participated in a cross-sectional study nested into a randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh. Ever-asthma, ever-wheezing and current wheezing were identified using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Current helminth infection was defined by the presence of helminth eggs in stools, measured by routine microscopic examination. Repeated Ascaris infection was defined by the presence of anti-Ascaris IgE ≥ 0.70 UA/ml in serum measured by the CAP-FEIA method. Atopy was defined by specific IgE to house dust mite (anti-DP IgE) ≥ 0.70 UA/ml measured by the CAP-FEIA method and/or positive skin prick test (≥ 5 mm). Anti-Ascaris IgE was significantly associated with ever asthma (odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.14-3.04, highest vs. lowest quartile; P for trend 0.016). Anti-Ascaris IgE was also significantly associated with positive anti-DP IgE (OR = 9.89, 95% CI: 6.52-15.00, highest vs. lowest; P for trend < 0.001) and positive skin prick test (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.01-2.81, highest vs. lowest, P for trend 0.076). These findings suggest that repeated Ascaris infection is a risk factor for asthma and atopy in rural Bangladeshi children. Further analysis is required to examine the mechanism of developing asthma and atopy in relation to helminth infection.
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| 41. |
- Jafari, Fahimeh, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Regulation of Traffic Flows in Networks-on-Chip
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Automation and Test Europe Conference (DATE). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9783981080162 ; , s. 1621-1624
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have proposed (σ, ρ)-based flow regulation to reduce delay and backlog bounds in SoC architectures, where σ bounds the traffic burstiness and ρ the traffic rate. The regulation is conducted per-flow for its peak rate and traffic burstiness. In this paper, we optimize these regulation parameters in networks on chips where many flows may have conflicting regulation requirements. We formulate an optimization problem for minimizing total buffers under performance constraints. We solve the problem with the interior point method. Our case study results exhibit 48% reduction of total buffers and 16% reduction of total latency for the proposed problem. The optimization solution has low run-time complexity, enabling quick exploration of large design space.
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| 42. |
- Kõljalg, Urmas, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a unified paradigm for sequence-based identification of fungi.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Molecular ecology. - : Wiley. - 1365-294X .- 0962-1083. ; 22:21, s. 5271-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is the formal fungal barcode and in most cases the marker of choice for the exploration of fungal diversity in environmental samples. Two problems are particularly acute in the pursuit of satisfactory taxonomic assignment of newly generated ITS sequences: (i) the lack of an inclusive, reliable public reference data set and (ii) the lack of means to refer to fungal species, for which no Latin name is available in a standardized stable way. Here, we report on progress in these regards through further development of the UNITE database (http://unite.ut.ee) for molecular identification of fungi. All fungal species represented by at least two ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are now given a unique, stable name of the accession number type (e.g. Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus|GU586904|SH133781.05FU), and their taxonomic and ecological annotations were corrected as far as possible through a distributed, third-party annotation effort. We introduce the term 'species hypothesis' (SH) for the taxa discovered in clustering on different similarity thresholds (97-99%). An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These reference sequences are released (http://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and in the QIIME pipeline. The system and the data will be updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows. We invite everybody in the position to improve the annotation or metadata associated with their particular fungal lineages of expertise to do so through the new Web-based sequence management system in UNITE.
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| 43. |
- Ky, Q. M. H., et al.
(författare)
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Dimorphism of Mucor indicus: different gene expressions between yeast-like and filamentous growth
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Minerva Biotecnologica. - : Edizioni Minerva Medica. - 1120-4826 .- 1827-160X. ; 25:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. Mucor indicus is a zygomycetes fungus with several advantages. Its ethanol yield from hexoses rivals that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and it is capable of producing ethanol from xylose in limited aerobic conditions. It is also able to ferment dilute acid hydrolysate and is known to be dimorphic; able to grow in both filamentous and yeast-like modes.Methods. In this study, the difference between yeast-like and filamentous cells of M. indicus was investigated using modern polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Four mRNA sequences were detected with a higher expression in the filamentous growth form than in the yeast-like, by a factor of 1.3-4.2. One of the sequences was novel and three have been detected in another species of Mucor, M. circinelloides, coding for a chitin synthase, a proteasome and a sigma 70 factor.Results and conclusion. The novel sequence exhibited the largest difference in expression and was subjected to knock-down. However, it proved to be best suited for detection of emerging growth patterns, since the knock-down had little effect on the developing growth form. With the results of this study, an important step towards understanding the difference in the dimorphic behaviour exhibited by M. indicus, as well as other members of the genus Mucor, has been taken. Potentially it could also be used as one of the tools for the control of the dimorphic behaviour of M. indicus, and other species of the Mucor genus.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Mahani, Mohammad Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of As vacancies on the binding energy and exchange splitting of Mn impurities on a GaAs surface
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Physical Society, APS March Meeting 2012, Volume 57, Number 1. ; , s. L14.00002-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- State-of-the-art STM spectroscopy is nowadays able to manipulate and probe the magnetic properties of individual magnetic impurities located near the surface of a semiconductor. A recent advance of these technique employs the electric field generated by a As vacancy in GaAs to affect the environment surrounding substitutional Mn impurities in the host material [1]. Here we calculate the binding energy of a single Mn dopant in the presence of nearby As vacancies, by using a recently-introduced tight-binding method [2] that is able to capture the salient features of Mn impurities near the (110) GaAs surface. The As vacancies, modeled by the repulsive potential they produce, are expected to decrease the acceptor binding energy in agreement with experiment [1]. Within this theoretical model, we investigate the possible enhancement of the exchange splitting for a pair of ferromagnetically ordered Mn impurities, observed experimentally when As vacancies are present [3]. We also calculate the response of the Mn-impurity---As-vacancy complex to an external magnetic field. \\[4pt] [1] H. Lee and J. A. Gupta, Science, 1807-1810, (2010). \\[0pt] [2] T. O. Strandberg, C. M. Canali, A. H. MacDonald, Phys. Rev. B 80, 024425, (2009). \\[0pt] [3] J.A. Gupta, private communication.
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| 47. |
- Mahani, Mohammad Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of magnetic field on the local density of states of Mn acceptor magnets in GaAs
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Volume 56, Number 1. ; , s. W15.00002-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Advances in atomic manipulation, real-space imagining and spectroscopic power of STM techniques have recently made it possible to investigate the local electronic properties of a few substitutional Mn impurities inserted in the GaAs surfaces [1]. Theoretical work [2] predicts that the local density of states in the vicinity of the Mn impurities should depend strongly on the direction of the Mn magnetic moment. In contrast, recent STM experiments [3] from several groups find a negligible dependence of the tunneling LDOS on the magnetic field direction for applied fields up to 7 T. Based on tight- binding calculations we interpret these findings by arguing that large LDOS signals require large angle moment rotations, and that the strength of the magnetic field used in present experiments is not strong enough to substantially modify the magnetic anisotropy landscape of Mn impurities near the GaAs surface.\\[4pt] [1] D. Kitchen et al., Nature, 442, 436 (2006); J. K. Garleff et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 035303 (2010).\\[0pt] [2] T. O. Strandberg, C. M. Canali, and A. H. MacDonald, Phys. Rev. B 80, 024425 (2009). [3] P. M. Koenraad, Private Communication.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Mahani, Mohammad Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical studies of single magnetic impurities on the surface of semiconductors and topological insulators
- 2013
-
Ingår i: MRS Online Proceedings Library/Volume 1564/2013. - : Materials Research Society.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results of theoretical studies of transition metal dopants in GaAs, based on microscopic tight-binding model and ab-initio calculations. We focus in particular on how the vicinity of surface affects the properties of the hole-acceptor state, its magnetic anisotropy and its magnetic coupling to the magnetic dopant. In agreement with STM experiments, Mn substitutional dopants on the (110) GaAs surface give rise to a deep acceptor state, whose wavefunction is localized around the Mn center. We discuss a refinement of the theory that introduces explicitly the d-levels for the TM dopant. The explicit inclusion of d-levels is particularly important for addressing recent STM experiments on substitutional Fe in GaAs. In the second part of the paper we discuss an analogous investigation of single dopants in Bi2Se3 three-dimensional topological insulators, focusing in particular on how substitutional impurities positioned on the surface affect the electronic structure in the gap. We present explicit results for BiSe antisite defects and compare with STM experiments.
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| 50. |
- Maqbool, Mohammad H., et al.
(författare)
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Two phase heat transfer of ammonia in a mini/micro channel
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels, 2010. - : ASME Press. - 9780791854501 ; , s. 1639-1647
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments have been performed to investigate heat transfer in a circular vertical mini channel made of stainless steel (AISI 316) with internal diameter of 1.70 mm and a uniformly heated length of 245 mm using ammonia as working fluid. The experiments are conducted for a heat flux range of 15 to 350 kW/m(2) and mass flux range of 100 to 500 kg/m(2)s. The effects of heat flux, mass flux and vapour quality on the heat transfer coefficient are explored in detail. The experimental results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with imposed wall heat flux while mass flux and vapour quality have no considerable effect. Experimental results are compared to predictive methods available in the literature for boiling heat transfer. The correlations of Cooper et al. [1] and Shah [3] are in good agreement with our experimental data.
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