| 1. |
- Emerging Risk Factors, Collaboration, et al.
(författare)
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The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration: analysis of individual data on lipid, inflammatory and other markers in over 1.1 million participants in 104 prospective studies of cardiovascular diseases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Eur J Epidemiol. - 0393-2990. ; 22:12, s. 839-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many long-term prospective studies have reported on associations of cardiovascular diseases with circulating lipid markers and/or inflammatory markers. Studies have not, however, generally been designed to provide reliable estimates under different circumstances and to correct for within-person variability. The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration has established a central database on over 1.1 million participants from 104 prospective population-based studies, in which subsets have information on lipid and inflammatory markers, other characteristics, as well as major cardiovascular morbidity and cause-specific mortality. Information on repeat measurements on relevant characteristics has been collected in approximately 340,000 participants to enable estimation of and correction for within-person variability. Re-analysis of individual data will yield up to approximately 69,000 incident fatal or nonfatal first ever major cardiovascular outcomes recorded during about 11.7 million person years at risk. The primary analyses will involve age-specific regression models in people without known baseline cardiovascular disease in relation to fatal or nonfatal first ever coronary heart disease outcomes. This initiative will characterize more precisely and in greater detail than has previously been possible the shape and strength of the age- and sex-specific associations of several lipid and inflammatory markers with incident coronary heart disease outcomes (and, secondarily, with other incident cardiovascular outcomes) under a wide range of circumstances. It will, therefore, help to determine to what extent such associations are independent from possible confounding factors and to what extent such markers (separately and in combination) provide incremental predictive value.
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| 4. |
- Abe, O, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 365:9472, s. 1687-1717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Quinquennial overviews (1985-2000) of the randomised trials in early breast cancer have assessed the 5-year and 10-year effects of various systemic adjuvant therapies on breast cancer recurrence and survival. Here, we report the 10-year and 15-year effects. Methods Collaborative meta-analyses were undertaken of 194 unconfounded randomised trials of adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy that began by 1995. Many trials involved CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil), anthracycline-based combinations such as FAC (fluorouracil, doxombicin, cyclophosphamide) or FEC (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide), tamoxifen, or ovarian suppression: none involved taxanes, trastuzumab, raloxifene, or modem aromatase inhibitors. Findings Allocation to about 6 months of anthracycline-based polychemotherapy (eg, with FAC or FEC) reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by about 38% (SE 5) for women younger than 50 years of age when diagnosed and by about 20% (SE 4) for those of age 50-69 years when diagnosed, largely irrespective of the use of tamoxifen and of oestrogen receptor (ER) status, nodal status, or other tumour characteristics. Such regimens are significantly (2p=0 . 0001 for recurrence, 2p<0 . 00001 for breast cancer mortality) more effective than CMF chemotherapy. Few women of age 70 years or older entered these chemotherapy trials. For ER-positive disease only, allocation to about 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by 31% (SE 3), largely irrespective of the use of chemotherapy and of age (<50, 50-69, &GE; 70 years), progesterone receptor status, or other tumour characteristics. 5 years is significantly (2p<0 . 00001 for recurrence, 2p=0 . 01 for breast cancer mortality) more effective than just 1-2 years of tamoxifen. For ER-positive tumours, the annual breast cancer mortality rates are similar during years 0-4 and 5-14, as are the proportional reductions in them by 5 years of tamoxifen, so the cumulative reduction in mortality is more than twice as big at 15 years as at 5 years after diagnosis. These results combine six meta-analyses: anthracycline-based versus no chemotherapy (8000 women); CMF-based versus no chemotherapy (14 000); anthracycline-based versus CMF-based chemotherapy (14 000); about 5 years of tamoxifen versus none (15 000); about 1-2 years of tamoxifen versus none (33 000); and about 5 years versus 1-2 years of tamoxifen (18 000). Finally, allocation to ovarian ablation or suppression (8000 women) also significantly reduces breast cancer mortality, but appears to do so only in the absence of other systemic treatments. For middle-aged women with ER-positive disease (the commonest type of breast cancer), the breast cancer mortality rate throughout the next 15 years would be approximately halved by 6 months of anthracycline-based chemotherapy (with a combination such as FAC or FEC) followed by 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. For, if mortality reductions of 38% (age <50 years) and 20% (age 50-69 years) from such chemotherapy were followed by a further reduction of 31% from tamoxifen in the risks that remain, the final mortality reductions would be 57% and 45%, respectively (and, the trial results could well have been somewhat stronger if there had been full compliance with the allocated treatments). Overall survival would be comparably improved, since these treatments have relatively small effects on mortality from the aggregate of all other causes. Interpretation Some of the widely practicable adjuvant drug treatments that were being tested in the 1980s, which substantially reduced 5-year recurrence rates (but had somewhat less effect on 5-year mortality rates), also substantially reduce 15-year mortality rates. Further improvements in long-term survival could well be available from newer drugs, or better use of older drugs.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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Body awareness therapy: a new strategy for relief of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: World J Gastroenterol. - 1007-9327. ; 13:23, s. 3206-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To compare irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients with apparently healthy persons and to evaluate body awareness therapy, which is a physiotherapeutic remedy focusing on normalising tensions in the body, for the treatment of IBS with the hypothesis that altered body tension is associated with the syndrome. METHODS: Twenty-one IBS patients received body awareness therapy two hours weekly for 24 wk. At baseline as well as after 12 and 24 wk, they underwent examinations including resource oriented body examination in combination with body awareness scale evaluation and filled in gastrointestinal and psychological symptom questionnaires. Saliva cortisol was analysed. A group of 21 apparently healthy persons underwent the same examinations once. RESULTS: Compared to the apparently healthy group, IBS patients scored higher at baseline for gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms. They showed more often alterations in normal body tension patterns, as well as deviating cortisol slopes in saliva. After 24 wk of body awareness therapy, their gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms were reduced overall. Somatic symptoms decreased in parallel with depressive symptoms. Whole body pain score decreased, coping ability as well as biochemical stress markers improved. CONCLUSION: IBS patients scored higher for gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, and presented with altered biochemical stress markers. Their body tension deviated compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, body awareness therapy gave relief of both somatic complaints, psychological symptoms and normalised body tension. These findings indicate that distorted tension constitutes an important part of the symptoms in IBS.
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| 9. |
- Kamm, C, et al.
(författare)
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The fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome in the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy: data from the EMSA Study Group
- 2005
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156 .- 0006-8950. ; 128:8, s. 1855-1860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent identification of fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) associated with premutations in the FMR1 gene and the possibility of clinical overlap with multiple system atrophy (MSA) has raised important questions, such as whether genetic testing for FXTAS should be performed routinely in MSA and whether positive cases might affect the specificity of current MSA diagnostic criteria. We genotyped 507 patients with clinically diagnosed or pathologically proven MSA for FMR1 repeat length. Among the 426 clinically diagnosed cases, we identified four patients carrying FMR1 premutations (0.94%). Within the subgroup of patients with probable MSA-C, three of 76 patients (3.95%) carried premutations. We identified no premutation carriers among 81 patients with pathologically proven MSA and only one carrier among 622 controls (0.16%). Our results suggest that, with proper application of current diagnostic criteria, FXTAS is very unlikely to be confused with MSA. However, slowly progressive disease or predominant tremor are useful red flags and should prompt the consideration of FXTAS. On the basis of our data, the EMSA Study Group does not recommend routine FMR1 genotyping in typical MSA patients.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Rothenberg, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Texture-modified meat and carrot products for elderly people with dysphagia : preference in relation to health and oral status
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 51:4, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reduced taste and smell, chewing problems and swallowing dysfunction are common among elderly people and affect perception, food choice and the ability to eat. Objective: To study the preference for texture-modified carrot and meat products in elderly people aiming to meet the needs of people with impaired chewing and/or swallowing. Design: Data were collected using questionnaires focusing on health, oral status and preference for the products. Altogether, 108 elderly people in ordinary housing (OH) and 50 living in special housing (SH) in Malmö (SH-M) and Göteborg (SH-G) participated. Results: 19% had a body mass index 522, predominantly in SH (24%). Stroke was reported by 20% of the subjects in SH. Among those with subjectively experienced difficulties in swallowing (12%), 58% reported coughing, 21% a gurgly voice in association with food intake and 50% obstruction during swallowing. Only 20% with subjective swallowing difficulties had been specifically examined regarding this problem. All the tested products were easy to masticate and swallow. Compared with OH, people in SH-M found the meatproducts easier to masticate and swallow. Compared with OH, subjects in SH found the carrot products easier to masticate. Conclusions: There is a need to develop tasty texture-modified nutritious food products for people with mastication and/or swallowing problems. Possible factors for differences in preference between groups, in this study OH and SH, may be related to health status in general and specifically mastication and swallowing functions.
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| 12. |
- Tönnesson, Kajsa, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Grazing impact of Oikopleura dioica and copepods on an autumn plankton community
- 2005
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Ingår i: Marine Biology Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-1000 .- 1745-1019. ; 1:5, s. 365-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copepods and appendicularians are major grazers in the pelagic environment. They have different retention efficiencies for prey and may therefore exert a variable grazing pressure on the spectrum of pico- to micro-plankton. We determined clearance rates of both groups at one station during 24 h in the Gullmar fjord, west Sweden, in autumn 1999. Total potential prey biomass ranged from 75 mu g C l(-1) at the surface to 14 mu g C l(-1) at 30 m with a dominance of larger dinoflagellates (10-25 mu m athecate species and Gymnodinium /Gyrodinium sp.) and the pennate diatom Pseudo -nitzschia sp. Grazer biomass was dominated by copepods (Acartia clausi, Paracalanus parvus) and appendicularians (Oikopleura dioica). O. dioica showed non-selective clearance rates of 0.7-1.8 ml mu g C-1 h(-1) on most diatoms, flagellates and ciliates, whereas Pseudo -nitzschia sp. and dinoflagellates and ciliates > 25 mu m were not removed by O. dioica. Appendicularian grazing impact was 0.06% d(-1) on the phytoplankton and 0.4% d(-1) on bacterial biomass. Despite a seven-fold higher biomass, the grazing impact of copepods on phytoplankton biomass was only 0.28% d(-1) indicating that O. dioica had a proportionally greater impact and, in contrast to copepods, also utilised bacteria. The low observed grazing impact was due to a low grazer biomass and a prey community largely unavailable to the investigated grazers.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Benner, J. S., et al.
(författare)
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A novel programme to evaluate and communicate 10-year risk of CHD reduces predicted risk and improves patients' modifiable risk factor profile
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical Practice. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1742-1241 .- 1368-5031. ; 62:10, s. 1484-1498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We assessed whether a novel programme to evaluate/communicate predicted coronary heart disease (CHD) risk could lower patients' predicted Framingham CHD risk vs. usual care. Methods: The Risk Evaluation and Communication Health Outcomes and Utilization Trial was a prospective, controlled, cluster-randomised trial in nine European countries, among patients at moderate cardiovascular risk. Following baseline assessments, physicians in the intervention group calculated patients' predicted CHD risk and were instructed to advise patients according to a risk evaluation/communication programme. Usual care physicians did not calculate patients' risk and provided usual care only. The primary end-point was Framingham 10-year CHD risk at 6 months with intervention vs. usual care. Results: Of 1103 patients across 100 sites, 524 patients receiving intervention, and 461 receiving usual care, were analysed for efficacy. After 6 months, mean predicted risks were 12.5% with intervention, and 13.7% with usual care [odds ratio = 0.896; p = 0.001, adjusted for risk at baseline (17.2% intervention; 16.9% usual care) and other covariates]. The proportion of patients achieving both blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets was significantly higher with intervention (25.4%) than usual care (14.1%; p < 0.001), and 29.3% of smokers in the intervention group quit smoking vs. 21.4% of those receiving usual care (p = 0.04). Conclusions: A physician-implemented CHD risk evaluation/communication programme improved patients' modifiable risk factor profile, and lowered predicted CHD risk compared with usual care. By combining this strategy with more intensive treatment to reduce residual modifiable risk, we believe that substantial improvements in cardiovascular disease prevention could be achieved in clinical practice.
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| 22. |
- Cullinane, CA, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of pregnancy as a risk factor for breast cancer in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 117:6, s. 988-991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early age at first birth and multiparity have been associated with a decrease in the risk of breast cancer in women in the general population. We examined whether this relationship is also present in women at high risk of breast cancer due to the presence of a mutation in either of the 2 breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 or BRCA2. We performed a matched case-control study of 1,260 pairs of women with known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, recruited from North America, Europe and Israel. Women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer were matched with unaffected control subjects for year of birth, country of residence, and mutation (BRCA1 or BRCA2). Study subjects completed a questionnaire detailing their reproductive histories. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived by conditional logistic regression. Among BRCA1 carriers, parity per se was not associated with the risk of breast cancer (OR for parous vs. nulliparous = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.75-1.19; p = 0.62). However, women with a BRCA1 mutation and 4 or more children had a 38% decrease in breast cancer risk compared to nulliparous women (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.41-0.94). In contrast, among BRCA2 carriers, increasing parity was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer; women with 2 or more children were at approximately 1.5 times the risk of breast cancer as nulliparous women (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.01-2.32; p = 0.05). Among women with BRCA2 mutations and who were younger than age 50, the (adjusted) risk of breast cancer increased by 17% with each additional birth (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.01-1.36; p = 0.03). There was no significant increase in the risk of breast cancer among BRCA2 carriers older than 50 (OR for each additional birth 0.97; 95% CI = 0.58-1.53; p = 0.92). In the 2-year period following a birth, the risk of breast cancer in a BRCA2 carrier was increased by 70% compared to nulliparous controls (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 0.97-3.0). There was a much smaller increase in breast cancer risk among BRCA2 carriers whose last birth was 5 or more years in the past (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 0.79-1.95). A modest reduction in risk of breast cancer was observed among BRCA1 carriers with 4 or more births. Among BRCA2 carriers, increasing parity was associated with a significant increase in the risk of breast cancer before age 50 and this increase was greatest in the 2-year period following a pregnancy.
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| 23. |
- du Rietz, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of High-spin States in 53Fe
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 72:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fusion-evaporation reactions Si-28(S-32,1 alpha 2p1n)Fe-53 at 125 MeV and Mg-24(S-32,2p1n)Fe-53 at a 95-MeV beam energy were used to investigate excited states in Fe-53. The combination of the Gammasphere Ge detector array and ancillary devices led to the construction of an extensive level scheme comprising some 90 transitions connecting 40 states. The lifetime of the yrast 25/2(-) state and upper limits for the lifetimes of a number of additional states were determined using the Cologne plunger device coupled to the GASP gamma-ray spectrometer. The experimental results are compared to large-scale shell-model calculations using different sets of two-body matrix elements. In particular, predictions on electromagnetic decay properties such as lifetimes, branching ratios, and mixing ratios are studied in detail.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Fassbender, J., et al.
(författare)
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Ion mass dependence of irradiation-induced local creation of ferromagnetism in Fe60Al40 alloys
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 77:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion irradiation of Fe60Al40 alloys results in the phase transformation from the paramagnetic, chemically ordered B2 phase to the ferromagnetic, chemically disordered A2 phase. The magnetic phase transformation is related to the number of displacements per atom (dpa) during the irradiation. For heavy ions (Ar+, Kr+, and Xe+), a universal curve is observed with a steep increase in the fraction of the ferromagnetic phase that reaches saturation, i.e., a complete phase transformation, at about 0.5 dpa. This proves the purely ballistic nature of the disordering process. If light ions are used (He+ and Ne+), a pronounced deviation from the universal curve is observed. This is attributed to bulk vacancy diffusion from the dilute collision cascades, which leads to a partial recovery of the thermodynamically favored B2 phase. Comparing different noble gas ion irradiation experiments allows us to assess the corresponding counteracting contributions. In addition, the potential to create local ferromagnetic areas embedded in a paramagnetic matrix is demonstrated.
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| 27. |
- Floderus, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in porphobilinogen and 5-aminolevulinic acid concentrations in plasma and urine from asymptomatic carriers of the acute intermittent porphyria gene with increased porphyrin precursor excretion
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 52:4, s. 701-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The heme precursors porphobilinogen (PBG) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) accumulate during overt crises of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), and high excretion of these metabolites often continues in the asymptomatic phase.Methods: We measured concentrations of PBG and ALA and investigated the correlation between these metabolites in plasma and urine in 10 asymptomatic AIP carriers with high excretion and in 5 healthy individuals. We quantified plasma concentrations with an HPLC–mass spectrometric method and urine concentrations with ion-exchange chromatography.Results: The mean (SD) plasma concentrations of PBG and ALA in the AIP carriers were 3.1 (1.0) and 1.7 (0.7) μmol/L, respectively. The mean 8-h urinary excretion amounts of PBG and ALA in the AIP carriers were 102 (25) and 56 (18) μmol, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for healthy individuals were 2.9 (0.7) and 9.3 (1.2) μmol. The correlations between PBG and ALA values in plasma and urine of the AIP carriers were 0.678 and 0.856, respectively. The mean PBG/ALA ratio was ∼2.0 in both plasma and urine for the AIP carriers and 0.3 in urine for the healthy individuals. The renal clearance rates for PBG and ALA were 71 (15) and 70 (13) mL/min, respectively.Conclusions: The described HPLC-mass spectrometric method enabled characterization of variations in plasma PBG and ALA in AIP carriers during an 8-h period. The renal clearances were similar for both metabolites. This method could be used to monitor AIP patients during treatment.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Juul-Pedersen, T., et al.
(författare)
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Sedimentation following the spring bloom in Disko Bay, West Greenland, with special emphasis on the role of copepods
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology-Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 314, s. 239-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sedimentation of particulate organic material was investigated in Disko Bay, West Greenland, during June 2001. Post spring-bloom conditions were encountered, with seasonally decreasing phytoplankton biomass associated with the pycnocline. Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and C. hyperboreus dominated the zooplankton community, comprising up to 88% of the copepod biomass. Faecal pellet production by C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis was positively correlated to the available food (chlorophyll a > 10 mu m). Results from short-term sediment trap deployments (6 h) showed that particulate organic carbon (POC) sedimentation from the euphotic zone was, on average, 628 mg C m(-2) d(-1), with copepod faecal pellets contributing, on average, 29% of this amount. The faecal pellet contribution to the vertical sinking export of POC was equivalent to that of phytoplankton and amorphous detritus. Yet, on average, 35% of the copepod faecal pellet production was retained within the euphotic zone. The POC: PON (particulate organic nitrogen) ratio of the suspended material in the euphotic zone (8.1 +/- 0.4) was comparable to that of the material collected in the sediment traps just below the euphotic zone (8.0 +/- 0.9). In addition, the daily loss rates of POC and PON within each sampling depth were similar, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the sediment traps did not change with depth. These results indicate that the pelagic system had a low retention efficiency of nitrogen just after the spring bloom.
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| 30. |
- Knight, R, et al.
(författare)
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GTPOM: Thermo-economic optimization of whole gas turbine plant
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. - : ASME International. - 1528-8919 .- 0742-4795. ; 128:3, s. 535-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trends towards distributed power generation and the deregulation of energy markets are increasing the requirement for software tools that optimize power generation plant design and operation. In this context, this paper describes the GTPOM (thermo-economic optimization of whole gas turbine plant) European project, funded in part through the European Commissions 5th Framework Programme, focusing on the development and demonstration of an original software tool for the thermo-economic analysis and optimization of conventional and advanced energy systems based on gas turbine plant. PSEconomy, the software tool developed during the GTPOM project, provides a thermo-economic optimization capability for advanced and more-conventional energy systems, enabling the complex trade-offs between system performance and installed costs to be determined for different operational duties and market scenarios. Furthermore, the code is capable of determining the potential benefits of innovative cycles or layout modifications to existing plants compared with current plant configurations. The economic assessment is performed through a complete through-life cycle cost analysis, which includes the total capital cost of the plant, the cost of fuel, O&M costs and the expected revenues from the sale of power and heat. The optimization process, carried out with a GA-based algorithm, is able to pursue different objective functions as specified by the User. These include system efficiency, through-life cost of electricity and through-life internal rate of return. Three case studies demonstrating the capabilities of the new tool are presented in this paper covering a conventional combined cycle system, a biomass plant and a CO2 sequestration gas turbine cycle. The software code is now commercially available and is expected to provide significant advantages in the near and long-term development of energy cycles.
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| 31. |
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| 33. |
- Nagy, E, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerated 32P-HPLC for bulky DNA adducts
- 2009
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Ingår i: MUTAGENESIS. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0267-8357 .- 1464-3804. ; 24:6, s. 541-541
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Rothenberg, E., et al.
(författare)
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Texture-modified meat and carrot products for elderly people with dysphagia : Preference in relation to health and oral status
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 51:4, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reduced taste and smell, chewing problems and swallowing dysfunction are common among elderly people and affect perception, food choice and the ability to eat. Objective: To study the preference for texture-modified carrot and meat products in elderly people aiming to meet the needs of people with impaired chewing and/or swallowing. Design: Data were collected using questionnaires focusing on health, oral status and preference for the products. Altogether, 108 elderly people in ordinary housing (OH) and 50 living in special housing (SH) in Malmö (SH-M) and Göteborg (SH-G) participated. Results: 19% had a body mass index ?22, predominantly in SH (24%). Stroke was reported by 20% of the subjects in SH. Among those with subjectively experienced difficulties in swallowing (12%), 58% reported coughing, 21% a gurgly voice in association with food intake and 50% obstruction during swallowing. Only 20% with subjective swallowing difficulties had been specifically examined regarding this problem. All the tested products were easy to masticate and swallow. Compared with OH, people in SH-M found the meat products easier to masticate and swallow. Compared with OH, subjects in SH found the carrot products easier to masticate Conclusions: There is a need to develop tasty texture-modified nutritious food products for people with mastication and/or swallowing problems. Possible factors for differences in preference between groups, in this study OH and SH, may be related to health status in general and specifically mastication and swallowing functions. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.
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| 42. |
- Sigurdsson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphisms in the tyrosine kinase 2 and interferon regulatory factor 5 genes are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2005
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 76:3, s. 528-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Genome scans in families with SLE point to multiple potential chromosomal regions that harbor SLE susceptibility genes, and association studies in different populations have suggested several susceptibility alleles for SLE. Increased production of type I interferon (IFN) and expression of IFN-inducible genes is commonly observed in SLE and may be pivotal in the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. We analyzed 44 single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) in 13 genes from the type I IFN pathway in 679 Swedish, Finnish, and Icelandic patients with SLE, in 798 unaffected family members, and in 438 unrelated control individuals for joint linkage and association with SLE. In two of the genes - the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) and IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) genes - we identified SNPs that displayed strong signals in joint analysis of linkage and association (unadjusted P < 10(-7)) with SLE. TYK2 binds to the type I IFN receptor complex and IRF5 is a regulator of type I IFN gene expression. Thus, our results support a disease mechanism in SLE that involves key components of the type I IFN system.
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| 43. |
- Thor, Peter, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Post-spring bloom community structure of pelagic copepods in the Disko Bay, Western Greenland
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Plankton Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0142-7873 .- 1464-3774. ; 27:4, s. 341-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community structure of pelagic copepods was investigated in the upper 200 m in the Disko Bay, Western Greenland, during the post-spring bloom period in June, 2001. This was the first study of the copepod community in West Greenland coastal waters sampled using smaller mesh sizes (50 mu m as opposed to 200 mu m). The mesozooplankton was dominated by copepods who constituted 82% of the total abundance and 95% of the total mesozooplankton biomass (> 50 mu m). Nauplii of Calanus, Pseudocalanus and Oithona dominated by number and the copepodites and adults were dominated by Oithona spp., Oncaea sp., Pseudocalanus sp., harpacticoids, Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and C. hyperboreus. Multivariate tests showed that the species/stage abundance composition of copepods changed significantly with depth. With one exception, all depth intervals showed unique significantly different compositions. Accordingly, the copepod community structure was influenced primarily by depth rather than by chlorophyll a concentration. Factors other than herbivorous grazing, such as omnivory, predator avoidance or association to marine snow aggregates of specific species, may have influenced the depth distribution of the total copepod community in the Disko Bay. Nevertheless, subsequent Pearson product moment correlations showed positive significant correlations between the vertical distribution of the three Calanus spp. and Pseudocalanus spp. and chlorophyll a concentrations, which points towards these species as prime components in the classic diatom-copepod food chain.
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