| 1. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
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| 2. |
- Abazov, M, et al.
(författare)
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A novel method for modeling the recoil in W boson events at hadron colliders
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 609:2-3, s. 250-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new method for modeling the hadronic recoil in W -> lv events produced at hadron colliders. The recoil is chosen from a library of recoils in Z -> ll data events and overlaid on a simulated W -> lv event. Implementation of this method requires that the data recoil library describe the proper-ties of the measured recoil as a function of the true, rather than the measured, transverse momentum of the boson. We address this issue using a multidimensional Bayesian unfolding technique. We estimate the statistical and systematic uncertainties from this method for the W boson mass and width measurements assuming 1 fb(-1) of data from the Fermilab Tevatron. The uncertainties are found to be small and comparable to those of a more traditional parameterized recoil model. For the highprecision measurements that will be possible with data from Run 11 of the Fermilab Tevatron and from the CERN LHC, the method presented in this paper may be advantageous, since it does not require an understanding of the measured recoil from first principles.
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| 3. |
- Abazov, M, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Measurement of the W Boson Width
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 103:23, s. 231802-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a direct measurement of the width of the W boson using the shape of the transverse mass distribution of W -> e nu candidate events. Data from approximately 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity recorded at s=1.96 TeV by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron pp collider are analyzed. We use the same methods and data sample that were used for our recently published W boson mass measurement, except for the modeling of the recoil, which is done with a new method based on a recoil library. Our result, 2.028 +/- 0.072 GeV, is in agreement with the predictions of the standard model.
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| 4. |
- Abazov, M, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the W Boson Mass
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 103:14, s. 141801-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a measurement of the W boson mass in W -> e nu decays using 1 fb(-1) of data collected with the D0 detector during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. With a sample of 499830 W -> e nu candidate events, we measure M-W=80.401 +/- 0.043 GeV. This is the most precise measurement from a single experiment.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nene, Vishvanath, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 316:5832, s. 1718-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a draft sequence of the genome of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for yellow fever and dengue fever, which at approximately 1376 million base pairs is about 5 times the size of the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Nearly 50% of the Ae. aegypti genome consists of transposable elements. These contribute to a factor of approximately 4 to 6 increase in average gene length and in sizes of intergenic regions relative to An. gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. Nonetheless, chromosomal synteny is generally maintained among all three insects, although conservation of orthologous gene order is higher (by a factor of approximately 2) between the mosquito species than between either of them and the fruit fly. An increase in genes encoding odorant binding, cytochrome P450, and cuticle domains relative to An. gambiae suggests that members of these protein families underpin some of the biological differences between the two mosquito species.
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| 7. |
- Sadler, J. E., et al.
(författare)
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Update on the pathophysiology and classification of von Willebrand disease: a report of the Subcommittee on von Willebrand Factor
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 4:10, s. 2103-2114
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a bleeding disorder caused by inherited defects in the concentration, structure, or function of von Willebrand factor (VWF). VWD is classified into three primary categories. Type 1 includes partial quantitative deficiency, type 2 includes qualitative defects, and type 3 includes virtually complete deficiency of VWF. VWD type 2 is divided into four secondary categories. Type 2A includes variants with decreased platelet adhesion caused by selective deficiency of high-molecular-weight VWF multimers. Type 2B includes variants with increased affinity for platelet glycoprotein Ib. Type 2M includes variants with markedly defective platelet adhesion despite a relatively normal size distribution of VWF multimers. Type 2N includes variants with markedly decreased affinity for factor VIII. These six categories of VWD correlate with important clinical features and therapeutic requirements. Some VWF gene mutations, alone or in combination, have complex effects and give rise to mixed VWD phenotypes. Certain VWD types, especially type 1 and type 2A, encompass several pathophysiologic mechanisms that sometimes can be distinguished by appropriate laboratory studies. The clinical significance of this heterogeneity is under investigation, which may support further subdivision of VWD type 1 or type 2A in the future.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Eklund, Arne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Low Recurrence Rate After Laparoscopic (TEP) and Open(Lichtenstein) Inguinal Hernia RepairA Randomized, Multicenter Trial With 5-Year Follow-Up
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 249:1, s. 33-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To compare a laparoscopic (totally extraperitoneal patch (TEP)) and an open technique (Lichtenstein) for inguinal hernia repair regarding recurrence rate and possible risk factors for recurrence. Summary Background Data: Laparoscopic hernia repair has been introduced as an alternative to open repair. Short-term follow-up suggests benefits for those patients operated with a laparoscopic approach compared with open techniques; ie, less postoperative pain and a shorter convalescence period. Long-term results, however, are less well known. Methods: The study was conducted as a multicenter randomized trial with a 5-year follow-up. A total of 1512 men aged 30 to 70 years, with a primary unilateral inguinal hernia, were randomized to either TEP or Lichtenstein repair. Results: Overall, 665 patients in the TEP group and 705 patients in the Lichtenstein group were evaluable. The cumulative recurrence rate was 3.5% in the TEP group and 1.2% in the Lichtenstein group (P = 0.008). Test for heterogeneity revealed significant differences between individual surgeons. The exclusion of 1 surgeon, who was responsible for 33% (7 of 21) of all recurrences in the TEP group, lowered the cumulative recurrence rate to 2.4% in this group, which was not statistically different from that of the Lichtenstein group. Conclusions: The recurrence rate for both TEP and Lichtenstein repair was low. A higher cumulative recurrence rate in the TEP group was seen at 5 years. Further analysis revealed that this could be attributable to incorrect surgical technique.
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| 10. |
- Haberichter, Sandra L, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of type 1 von Willebrand disease patients with reduced von Willebrand factor survival by assay of the VWF propeptide in the European study: Molecular and Clinical Markers for the Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 VWD (MCMDM-1VWD)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 111:10, s. 4979-4985
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The decreased survival of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in plasma has been implicated as a mechanism in a subset of type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) patients. We have previously reported that the ratio of plasma levels of VWF and its propeptide (VWFpp) can be used to identify patients with reduced VWF survival. In this study, we report the assay of VWFpp and VWF:Ag in 19 individuals recruited from 6 European centers within the MCMDM-1VWD study. Eight individuals had a VWF:Ag level less than 30 IU/dL. Seven of these patients had a robust desmopressin response and significantly reduced VWF half-life that was predicted by a markedly increased steady-state plasma VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio. VWF mutations previously associated with reduced VWF survival were identified in each of the 7 individuals. Thus, a substantially increased ratio of steady-state VWFpp/ VWF:Ag predicted a reduced VWF half-life in patients with markedly decreased VWF:Ag levels. These data indicate that a reduced VWF survival is found in a sub-population of patients with type 1 VWD. The systematic assay of both plasma VWF and the VWF propeptide in moderately severe type 1 VWD patients may identify patients with a reduced VWF survival phenotype.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Landgren, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Personal and family history of autoimmune diabetes mellitus and susceptibility to young-adult-onset Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 118:2, s. 449-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young-adult-onset (15-44 years of age) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is believed to arise as a consequence of late primary infection in susceptible individuals. The properties of this susceptibility remain little understood. We have previously reported an increased occurrence of HL in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and among their offspring, suggesting that susceptibility to autoimmunity might be of importance also in the pathogenesis of HL. To explore this hypothesis, we assessed the association of personal and family history of diabetes mellitus, with risk of subsequent HL in a population-based case-control study, including as cases all individuals diagnosed with HL above 15 years of age 1964-1999 (n = 6,873) in Sweden, and matched population controls (n = 12,565). First-degree relatives of cases and controls were identified through linkage with the Multi-generation Register. We identified discharges listing diabetes mellitus through linkage with the Inpatient Register (1964-2000). We used odds ratios (OR) as measures of relative risk. Cases with young-adult-onset HL were less likely to have a personal (OR =0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1.1) or family (OR =0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8) history of diabetes mellitus. In contrast, HL diagnosed at older ages was neither associated with a personal (OR =1.0) nor family (OR =1.0) history of diabetes mellitus. These findings suggests that characteristics of the immune system associated with conditions such as diabetes mellitus type I are of importance in the pathogenesis of young-adult-onset HL.Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 14. |
- McEvoy, Brian P., et al.
(författare)
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Geographical structure and differential natural selection among North European populations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Genome Research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1088-9051 .- 1549-5469. ; 19:5, s. 804-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population structure can provide novel insight into the human past, and recognizing and correcting for such stratification is a practical concern in gene mapping by many association methodologies. We investigate these patterns, primarily through principal component (PC) analysis of whole genome SNP polymorphism, in 2099 individuals from populations of Northern European origin (Ireland, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Australia, and HapMap European-American). The major trends (PC1 and PC2) demonstrate an ability to detect geographic substructure, even over a small area like the British Isles, and this information can then be applied to finely dissect the ancestry of the European-Australian and European-American samples. They simultaneously point to the importance of considering population stratification in what might be considered a small homogeneous region. There is evidence from FST-based analysis of genic and nongenic SNPs that differential positive selection has operated across these populations despite their short divergence time and relatively similar geographic and environmental range. The pressure appears to have been focused on genes involved in immunity, perhaps reflecting response to infectious disease epidemic. Such an event may explain a striking selective sweep centered on the rs2508049-G allele, close to the HLA-G gene on chromosome 6. Evidence of the sweep extends over a 8-Mb/3.5-cM region. Overall, the results illustrate the power of dense genotype and sample data to explore regional population variation, the events that have crafted it, and their implications in both explaining disease prevalence and mapping these genes by association.
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| 15. |
- Montgomery, Henry, et al.
(författare)
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From the first to the fifth volume of naturalistic decision making research.
- 2005
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Ingår i: How professionals make decisions.. - : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. ; , s. 1-13
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this introductory chapter we discuss the contributions made by the 27 subsequent chapters of the present volume on naturalistic decision making research in the light of the research presented in the first volume of this series. We present some key findings and attempt to address the following three questions. To what extent has progress been made with respect to issues presented in the first volume? Have new issues been raised? What are the challenges for future NDM research?
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| 16. |
- Montgomery, N., et al.
(författare)
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Reliability functions and optimal decisions using condition data for EDF primary pumps
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many examples in which proportional hazards modelling (PHM) is used to accurately model the effects of the operating environment on an item's lifetime. Using such techniques it is possible to find an economically optimal moment of replacement based on condition monitoring data. However, in a nuclear power plant, the problem is somewhat different as it is not possible to stop the process and perform preventive maintenance at the most economical moment in time. The problem of interest in such cases has more to do with whether the item will last until the next scheduled plant shutdown or not. This paper presents some developed and implemented theory to calculate the conditional reliability function of an item given the current equipment age and the current values of the condition-monitoring variables. A case study of a shaft seal for a reactor cooling pump (RCP) using data from several French nuclear power plants operated by the Electricité de France (EDF) is also presented.
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| 17. |
- Muysoms, F. E., et al.
(författare)
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Classification of primary and incisional abdominal wall hernias
- 2009
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Ingår i: Hernia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1265-4906 .- 1248-9204. ; 13:4, s. 407-414
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A classification for primary and incisional abdominal wall hernias is needed to allow comparison of publications and future studies on these hernias. It is important to know whether the populations described in different studies are comparable. Several members of the EHS board and some invitees gathered for 2 days to discuss the development of an EHS classification for primary and incisional abdominal wall hernias. To distinguish primary and incisional abdominal wall hernias, a separate classification based on localisation and size as the major risk factors was proposed. Further data are needed to define the optimal size variable for classification of incisional hernias in order to distinguish subgroups with differences in outcome. A classification for primary abdominal wall hernias and a division into subgroups for incisional abdominal wall hernias, concerning the localisation of the hernia, was formulated.
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| 18. |
- Netuveli, G., et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and resilience at older ages : bouncing back after adversity in the British Household Panel Survey
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 62:11, s. 987-991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Resilience is having good outcomes despite adversity and risk and could be described in terms of preserving the same level of the outcome or rebounding back to that level after an initial set back. Using the latter definition, resilience as “bouncing back”, this paper aims (1) to identify those members of a panel survey who demonstrated resilience, and (2) to identify the characteristics of the resilient individuals and the predictors of their resilience.Methods: The study subjects were the 3581 participants in the British Household Panel Survey, selected from waves 1–14, who satisfied three requirements: exposure to an adversity; availability of consecutive General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 scores; aged 50 or more years. The primary outcome variable was resilience, operationalised as a GHQ-12 score that increased after exposure to adversity and returned to its pre-exposure level in the next (after 1 year) wave of the survey. The adversities were: functional limitation; bereavement or marital separation; poverty.Results: The prevalence of resilience, as defined, was 14.5%. After adjusting for regression to the mean, the GHQ-12 score of the resilient dropped by a mean of 3.6 points in the post-adversity period. Women predominated among the resilient, with this gender difference stronger among older women than younger women. The resilient were more likely to have high social support than the non-resilient, but otherwise were not different socioeconomically. High social support pre-adversity and during adversity increased the likelihood of resilience by 40–60% compared with those with low social support.Conclusions: Resilience is relatively rare and favours older women. It is fostered by high levels of social support existing before exposure to adversity.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Weiss, R. J., et al.
(författare)
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Decrease of RA-related orthopaedic surgery of the upper limbs between 1998 and 2004 : data from 54,579 Swedish RA inpatients
- 2008
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1462-0324 .- 1462-0332. ; 47:4, s. 491-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To describe the overall use and temporal trends in orthopaedic upper limb surgery associated with RA on a nation wide basis in Sweden between 1998 and 2004.Methods. Data for all inpatient visits during 1998–2004 for patients older than 18 yrs with RA-related diagnoses were extracted from the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Registry (SNHDR). The SNHDR prospectively collects data on all hospital admissions in Sweden according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Data were analysed with respect to orthopaedic surgery of the hand, elbow and shoulder.Results. During the study period, 54 579 individual RA patients were admitted to a Swedish hospital and 9% of these underwent RA-related surgery of the upper limbs. The RA patient cohort underwent a total of 8251 RA-related upper limb surgical procedures. The hand (77%) was most frequently operated on, followed by the shoulder (13%) and the elbow (10%). There was a statistically significant decrease of 31% for all admissions associated with RA-related upper limb surgery during 1998–2004 (P = 0.001). Some 10% of all RA-related upper limb surgery was due to total joint arthroplasties (TJAs), mostly for the elbow (59%). During 1998–2004, all TJAs, elbow-TJAs and shoulder-TJAs had a stable occurrence. In contrast, the overall numbers of hand-TJAs significantly increased (P = 0.009).Conclusions. Rates of RA-related upper limb surgery decreased and TJAs had a stable occurrence in Sweden during 1998–2004. The findings of this study may reflect trends in disease management and health outcomes of RA patients in Sweden.
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