| 1. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
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| 2. |
- Abazov, M, et al.
(författare)
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A novel method for modeling the recoil in W boson events at hadron colliders
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 609:2-3, s. 250-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new method for modeling the hadronic recoil in W -> lv events produced at hadron colliders. The recoil is chosen from a library of recoils in Z -> ll data events and overlaid on a simulated W -> lv event. Implementation of this method requires that the data recoil library describe the proper-ties of the measured recoil as a function of the true, rather than the measured, transverse momentum of the boson. We address this issue using a multidimensional Bayesian unfolding technique. We estimate the statistical and systematic uncertainties from this method for the W boson mass and width measurements assuming 1 fb(-1) of data from the Fermilab Tevatron. The uncertainties are found to be small and comparable to those of a more traditional parameterized recoil model. For the highprecision measurements that will be possible with data from Run 11 of the Fermilab Tevatron and from the CERN LHC, the method presented in this paper may be advantageous, since it does not require an understanding of the measured recoil from first principles.
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| 3. |
- Abazov, M, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the W Boson Mass
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 103:14, s. 141801-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a measurement of the W boson mass in W -> e nu decays using 1 fb(-1) of data collected with the D0 detector during Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider. With a sample of 499830 W -> e nu candidate events, we measure M-W=80.401 +/- 0.043 GeV. This is the most precise measurement from a single experiment.
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| 4. |
- Abazov, M, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Measurement of the W Boson Width
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 103:23, s. 231802-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a direct measurement of the width of the W boson using the shape of the transverse mass distribution of W -> e nu candidate events. Data from approximately 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity recorded at s=1.96 TeV by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron pp collider are analyzed. We use the same methods and data sample that were used for our recently published W boson mass measurement, except for the modeling of the recoil, which is done with a new method based on a recoil library. Our result, 2.028 +/- 0.072 GeV, is in agreement with the predictions of the standard model.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bhattarai, Achuyt, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in Zanzibar
- 2007
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 4:11, s. e309-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe Roll Back Malaria strategy recommends a combination of interventions for malaria control. Zanzibar implemented artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for uncomplicated malaria in late 2003 and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) from early 2006. ACT is provided free of charge to all malaria patients, while LLINs are distributed free to children under age 5 y (“under five”) and pregnant women. We investigated temporal trends in Plasmodium falciparum prevalence and malaria-related health parameters following the implementation of these two malaria control interventions in Zanzibar.Methods and FindingsCross-sectional clinical and parasitological surveys in children under the age of 14 y were conducted in North A District in May 2003, 2005, and 2006. Survey data were analyzed in a logistic regression model and adjusted for complex sampling design and potential confounders. Records from all 13 public health facilities in North A District were analyzed for malaria-related outpatient visits and admissions. Mortality and demographic data were obtained from District Commissioner's Office. P. falciparum prevalence decreased in children under five between 2003 and 2006; using 2003 as the reference year, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were, for 2005, 0.55 (0.28–1.08), and for 2006, 0.03 (0.00–0.27); p for trend < 0.001. Between 2002 and 2005 crude under-five, infant (under age 1 y), and child (aged 1–4 y) mortality decreased by 52%, 33%, and 71%, respectively. Similarly, malaria-related admissions, blood transfusions, and malaria-attributed mortality decreased significantly by 77%, 67% and 75%, respectively, between 2002 and 2005 in children under five. Climatic conditions favorable for malaria transmission persisted throughout the observational period.ConclusionsFollowing deployment of ACT in Zanzibar 2003, malaria-associated morbidity and mortality decreased dramatically within two years. Additional distribution of LLINs in early 2006 resulted in a 10-fold reduction of malaria parasite prevalence. The results indicate that the Millennium Development Goals of reducing mortality in children under five and alleviating the burden of malaria are achievable in tropical Africa with high coverage of combined malaria control interventions.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Nene, Vishvanath, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 316:5832, s. 1718-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a draft sequence of the genome of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for yellow fever and dengue fever, which at approximately 1376 million base pairs is about 5 times the size of the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Nearly 50% of the Ae. aegypti genome consists of transposable elements. These contribute to a factor of approximately 4 to 6 increase in average gene length and in sizes of intergenic regions relative to An. gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. Nonetheless, chromosomal synteny is generally maintained among all three insects, although conservation of orthologous gene order is higher (by a factor of approximately 2) between the mosquito species than between either of them and the fruit fly. An increase in genes encoding odorant binding, cytochrome P450, and cuticle domains relative to An. gambiae suggests that members of these protein families underpin some of the biological differences between the two mosquito species.
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| 12. |
- Arvidsson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Randomized clinical trial comparing 5-year recurrence rate after laparoscopic versus Shouldice repair of primary inguinal hernia
- 2005
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 92:9, s. 1085-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Shouldice technique is the 'gold standard' of open non-mesh hernia repair. The aim of this study was to compare 5-year recurrence rates after Shouldice and laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal patch (TAPP) repair for primary inguinal hernia. Method: Men with a primary unilateral inguinal hernia were randomized to either Shouldice or TAPP operation. An independent observer scored the surgeons' performance. Follow-up comprised clinical examination after 1 year, a questionnaire after 2 and 3 years, and a clinical examination after 5 years. Results: Between February 1993 and March 1996, 1183 patients were included. Nine hundred and twenty patients were followed for 5 years, 454 in the TAPP group and 466 in the Shouldice group. Recurrences were evenly distributed between groups throughout the follow-up period. The cumulative recurrence rate after 5 years was 6.6 per cent in the TAPP group and 6.7 per cent in the Shouldice group. Postoperative pain was a risk factor for recurrence after Shouldice operation but not after TAPP repair. There was a correlation between a low surgeon's performance score and recurrence. Conclusion: The 5-year recurrence rate is acceptable, with no difference between TAPP and Shouldice repair. Poor operative performance resulted in a higher recurrence rate. The TAPP operation represents an excellent alternative for primary inguinal hernia repair.
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| 13. |
- Aulchenko, Yurii S, et al.
(författare)
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Loci influencing lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk in 16 European population cohorts
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 41:1, s. 47-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies of lipids have been conducted in samples ascertained for other phenotypes, particularly diabetes. Here we report the first GWA analysis of loci affecting total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides sampled randomly from 16 population-based cohorts and genotyped using mainly the Illumina HumanHap300-Duo platform. Our study included a total of 17,797-22,562 persons, aged 18-104 years and from geographic regions spanning from the Nordic countries to Southern Europe. We established 22 loci associated with serum lipid levels at a genome-wide significance level (P < 5 x 10(-8)), including 16 loci that were identified by previous GWA studies. The six newly identified loci in our cohort samples are ABCG5 (TC, P = 1.5 x 10(-11); LDL, P = 2.6 x 10(-10)), TMEM57 (TC, P = 5.4 x 10(-10)), CTCF-PRMT8 region (HDL, P = 8.3 x 10(-16)), DNAH11 (LDL, P = 6.1 x 10(-9)), FADS3-FADS2 (TC, P = 1.5 x 10(-10); LDL, P = 4.4 x 10(-13)) and MADD-FOLH1 region (HDL, P = 6 x 10(-11)). For three loci, effect sizes differed significantly by sex. Genetic risk scores based on lipid loci explain up to 4.8% of variation in lipids and were also associated with increased intima media thickness (P = 0.001) and coronary heart disease incidence (P = 0.04). The genetic risk score improves the screening of high-risk groups of dyslipidemia over classical risk factors.
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| 14. |
- Bahmanyar, S., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer risk among patients with multiple sclerosis and their parents
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neurology. - Minneapolis, Minn. : Lancet Publications Inc.. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 72:13, s. 1170-1177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We investigated cancer risk among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and whether variation by age at MS diagnosis helps to elucidate mechanisms underlying the previously reported reduced cancer risk. We also studied cancer risk among parents to ascertain if MS susceptibility genes may confer protection against cancer in relatives. METHODS: Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for age, sex, area, and socioeconomic index, estimated cancer risk among 20,276 patients with MS and 203,951 individuals without MS, using Swedish general population register data. Similar analyses were conducted among 11,284 fathers and 12,006 mothers of patients with MS, compared with 123,158 fathers and 129,409 mothers of controls. RESULTS: With an average of 35 years of follow-up, there was a decreased overall cancer risk among patients with MS (hazard ratio = 0.91, 0.87-0.95). Increased risks were observed for brain tumors (1.44, 1.21-1.72) and urinary organ cancer (1.27, 1.05-1.53). Parents of patients with MS did not have a notably increased or decreased overall cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in cancer risk in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may result from behavioral change, treatment, or we speculate that some immunologic characteristics of MS disease activity improve antitumor surveillance. The lack of association among parents indicates that a simple inherited characteristic is unlikely to explain the reduced cancer risk among patients with MS. MS is associated with increased risk for some cancers, such as of urinary organs and brain tumors (although surveillance bias may be responsible).
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| 15. |
- Bereczky, S., et al.
(författare)
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Spleen enlargement and genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum infection in two ethnic groups with different malaria susceptibility in Mali, West Africa
- 2006
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0035-9203 .- 1878-3503. ; 100:3, s. 248-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high resistance to malaria in the nomadic Fulani population needs further understanding. The ability to cope with multiclonal Plasmodium falciparum infections was assessed in a cross-sectional survey in the Fulani and the Dogon, their sympatric ethnic group in Mali. The Fulani had lower parasite prevalence and densities and more prominent spleen enlargement. Spleen rates in children aged 2–9 years were 75% in the Fulani and 44% in the Dogon (P < 0.001). There was no difference in number of P. falciparum genotypes, defined by merozoite surface protein 2 polymorphism, with mean values of 2.25 and 2.11 (P = 0.503) in the Dogon and Fulani, respectively. Spleen rate increased with parasite prevalence, density and number of co-infecting clones in asymptomatic Dogon. Moreover, splenomegaly was increased in individuals with clinical malaria in the Dogon, odds ratio 3.67 (95% CI 1.65–8.15, P = 0.003), but not found in the Fulani, 1.36 (95% CI 0.53–3.48, P = 0.633). The more susceptible Dogon population thus appear to respond with pronounced spleen enlargement to asymptomatic multiclonal infections and acute disease whereas the Fulani have generally enlarged spleens already functional for protection. The results emphasize the importance of spleen function in protective immunity to the polymorphic malaria parasite.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Carli, C., et al.
(författare)
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Trends in disease modifying antirheumatic drug prescription in early rheumatoid arthritis are influenced more by hospital setting than patient or disease characteristics
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publ. Group. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 65:8, s. 1102-1105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To characterise temporal trends and factors associated with the prescription of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) at the initial consultation in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: Data from 2584 patients with early RA at 19 hospitals were extracted from the Swedish Rheumatoid Arthritis Register for the period 1997–2001. Disease characteristics and DMARD prescription at first consultation with the rheumatologist were investigated using cross tabulation and logistic regression.Results: DMARD prescriptions, particularly for methotrexate, increased from 1997 to 2001 independently of patient characteristics. Stratification by hospital type showed that patients in district hospitals were less likely to be prescribed DMARDs than those in university hospitals (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40 to 0.69), p<0.001), independently of confounding factors. Association of the DAS28 with the likelihood of DMARD prescription was greater among patients attending district hospitals (OR = 1.65 (1.34 to 2.02), p<0.001) than those at university hospitals (OR = 1.23 (1.07 to 1.41), p = 0.003) and county hospitals (OR = 1.34 (1.01 to 1.63), p = 0.003). Interaction testing indicated that the difference was significant (p = 0.007).Conclusions: Temporal trends in DMARD prescription indicate an increasingly aggressive approach to disease management among Swedish rheumatologists. However, the association of hospital type with DMARD prescription suggests that the adoption of research findings in clinical care varies considerably.
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| 18. |
- Eklund, Arne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term results of a randomized clinical trial comparing Lichtenstein open repair with totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
- 2006
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 93:9, s. 1060-1068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy has emerged as a recognized operative method for inguinal hernia repair. This study compared the short-term results of two tension-free methods of repair: totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic patch repair and the open Lichtenstein mesh technique. Methods: A total of 1513 men from 11 hospitals who presented with a primary unilateral inguinal hernia were randomized to one of the two methods. Operating time, short-term complications, reoperations, postoperative pain, consumption of analgesics, sick leave and time to resumption of normal physical activities were recorded. Results: Some 1371 of the 1513 men underwent surgery, 665 in the TEP group and 706 in the Lichtenstein group. The median duration of operation was 55 min for both procedures and 91.0 per cent of die patients in both groups were discharged on the day of operation. Patients in the TEP group experienced less postoperative pain (P < 0.001), consumed fewer analgesics (P < 0.001), had a shorter period of sick leave (7 versus 12 days; P < 0.001) and a shorter time to resumption of normal physical activity (20 versus 31 days; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The TEP technique took no longer to perform, and was associated with less postoperative pain, a shorter period of sick leave and a faster recovery, compared with open Lichtenstein hernia repair.
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| 19. |
- Färnert, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Transmission-dependent tolerance to multiclonal Plasmodium falciparum infection
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - Chicago : University of Chicago Press. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 200:7, s. 1166-1175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether the number of concurrent clones in asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections reflects the degree of host protection was investigated in children living in areas with different levels of transmission on the coast of Kenya. The number of concurrent clones was determined on the basis of polymorphism in msp2, which encodes the vaccine candidate antigen merozoite surface protein 2. In a low-transmission area, most children had monoclonal infections, and diversity did not predict a risk of clinical malaria. In an area of moderate transmission, asymptomatic infections with 2 clones were, compared with 1 clone, associated with an increased risk of subsequent malaria. In a comparative assessment in a high-transmission area in Tanzania, multiclonal infections conferred a reduced risk. The different nonlinear associations between the number of clones and malaria morbidity suggest that levels of tolerance to multiclonal infections are transmission dependent as a result of cumulative exposure to antigenically diverse P. falciparum infections.
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| 20. |
- Griffith, Obi L., et al.
(författare)
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ORegAnno : an open-access community-driven resource for regulatory annotation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 36:Database issue, s. D107-D113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ORegAnno is an open-source, open-access database and literature curation system for community-based annotation of experimentally identified DNA regulatory regions, transcription factor binding sites and regulatory variants. The current release comprises 30 145 records curated from 922 publications and describing regulatory sequences for over 3853 genes and 465 transcription factors from 19 species. A new feature called the publication queue allows users to input relevant papers from scientific literature as targets for annotation. The queue contains 4438 gene regulation papers entered by experts and another 54 351 identified by text-mining methods. Users can enter or check out papers from the queue for manual curation using a series of user-friendly annotation pages. A typical record entry consists of species, sequence type, sequence, target gene, binding factor, experimental outcome and one or more lines of experimental evidence. An evidence ontology was developed to describe and categorize these experiments. Records are cross-referenced to Ensembl or Entrez gene identifiers, PubMed and dbSNP and can be visualized in the Ensembl or UCSC genome browsers. All data are freely available through search pages, XML data dumps or web services at: http://www.oreganno.org.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al.
(författare)
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Celiac disease and risk of adverse fetal outcome : A population-based cohort study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 129:2, s. 454-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Studies of maternal celiac disease (CD) and fetal outcome are inconsistent, and low statistical power is likely to have contributed to this inconsistency. We investigated the risk of adverse outcomes in women with CD diagnosed prior to pregnancy and in women who did not receive a diagnosis of CD until after the delivery. Methods: A national register-based cohort study restricted to women aged 15-44 years with singleton live born infants was used. We identified 2078 offspring to women who had received a diagnosis of CD (1964-2001): 1149 offspring to women diagnosed prior to birth and 929 offspring to women diagnosed after infant birth. Main outcome measures were: intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight (
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| 23. |
- Montgomery, N., et al.
(författare)
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Reliability functions and optimal decisions using condition data for EDF primary pumps
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many examples in which proportional hazards modelling (PHM) is used to accurately model the effects of the operating environment on an item's lifetime. Using such techniques it is possible to find an economically optimal moment of replacement based on condition monitoring data. However, in a nuclear power plant, the problem is somewhat different as it is not possible to stop the process and perform preventive maintenance at the most economical moment in time. The problem of interest in such cases has more to do with whether the item will last until the next scheduled plant shutdown or not. This paper presents some developed and implemented theory to calculate the conditional reliability function of an item given the current equipment age and the current values of the condition-monitoring variables. A case study of a shaft seal for a reactor cooling pump (RCP) using data from several French nuclear power plants operated by the Electricité de France (EDF) is also presented.
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| 24. |
- Montgomery, Scott M., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and multiple sclerosis amongst offspring
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - Oxford : Blackwell. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 15:12, s. 1395-1399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: An association between parental smoking and multiple sclerosis (MS) in offspring has been reported. This study examined whether maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with MS in offspring.METHODS: Swedish general population registers provided prospectively recorded information on maternal smoking during pregnancy. The study identified 143 cases with MS diagnosed by 2006 and 1730 matched controls. Subjects were born since 1982 and individually matched by year of birth, age, sex and region of residence. Conditional logistic regression assessed the association of maternal smoking with MS in offspring with adjustment for socioeconomic index.RESULTS: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not associated with MS in offspring, with an odds ratio (and 95% confidence interval) of 0.96 (0.65-1.44). When stratified by paediatric or later MS onset there was no association with maternal smoking in either stratum.CONCLUSION: It is unlikely that smoking during pregnancy represents a risk for early-onset MS amongst offspring.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Tangteerawatana, P., et al.
(författare)
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Differential regulation of IgG subclasses and IgE antimalarial antibody responses in complicated and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
- 2007
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Ingår i: Parasite immunology (Print). - Oxford : Blackwell Science. - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 29:9, s. 475-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the immunoglobulin (Ig)-subclass distribution of antimalarial antibody responses in 110 and 169 Thai patients with complicated and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, respectively. Antimalarial plasma IgG subclasses and IgE antibody levels against a crude malaria blood stages, and antigen preparation were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On admission, the levels of anti-P. falciparum IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 were significantly lower in patients with complicated malaria than uncomplicated malaria (IgG1, P < 0.0001; IgG2, P < 0.0001; IgG3, P < 0.0001). The levels of antimalarial IgE were slightly lower, but not statistically significant (P = 0.389) in the complicated malaria. After adjusting all antibody levels and age, anti-P. falciparum IgG3 levels remained significantly associated with complicated malaria. None of the other antibody concentrations showed statistically significant associations with complicated malaria. The anti-P. falciparum IgG3 levels were related to the IgG1 as well as IgG2 levels. A correlation between anti-P. falciparum IgG2 and IgE was observed in the complicated malaria group, and this may indicate their roles in the severity of disease. Our data suggest that anti-P. falciparum IgG3 is associated with a reduced risk of complicated malaria and that antimalarial Ig-subclasses are differently regulated in patients with complicated and uncomplicated malaria.
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