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- Attermeyer, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams
- 2021
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Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Nature. - 2662-4435. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1mmolm(-2) h(-1) at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams. Diel patterns can greatly impact total stream carbon dioxide emissions, with 39% greater carbon dioxide flux during the night-time relative to the day-time, according to a study of 34 streams across Europe.
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| 2. |
- Lundström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Changing practice patterns in European cataract surgery as reflected in the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for Cataract and Refractive Surgery 2008 to 2017
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0886-3350 .- 1873-4502. ; 47:3, s. 373-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study practice patterns in European cataract surgery over a 10-year period.SETTING: European clinics affiliated to the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for Cataract and Refractive Surgery (EUREQUO).DESIGN: Registry cohort study.METHODS: The EUREQUO contains preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters reported by surgeons in many European clinics. All data reported to the registry are anonymized. Preoperative parameters included age, sex, visual acuity, target refraction, ocular comorbidity, and surgical difficulties. Surgical data included anesthesia, surgical technique, intraocular lens optic biomaterial, and complications. Postoperative parameters included visual acuity, refraction, and short-term complications.RESULTS: During the study period (January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017), a total of 2 714 108 cataract extractions were reported to the EUREQUO. Preoperative data changed over time, with decreases in mean age (74.5-73.0 years), proportion of women from 60.6% (100 373/165 628) to 57.2% (174 908/305 845), and proportion of coexisting eye diseases from 30.0% (49 638/165 650) to 27.0% (82 704/305 846) and with improvements in preoperative visual acuity (mean logarithm of minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] 0.46 to 0.37). The use of topical anesthesia increased over time from 28.1% (26 238/93 320) to 71.7% (130 525/182 083). Surgical complications showed a significant decrease from 2.5% (4107/165 650) to 1.2% (3573/305 846). The visual outcome improved over time (mean logMAR 0.08 to 0.05), as did the absolute median prediction error (0.38 diopter [D] to 0.28 D).CONCLUSIONS: Trends in European cataract surgery practice patterns from 2008 to 2017 have moved toward younger patients with better preoperative visual acuity, fewer surgical complications, and better predicted refractions and visual outcomes.
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| 3. |
- Ma, Lichen, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating virtual realities and psychotherapy : SWOT analysis on VR and MR based treatments of anxiety and stress-related disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 50:6, s. 509-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) technology in clinical psychology is growing. Efficacious VR-based treatments for a variety of disorders have been developed. However, the field of technology-assisted psychotherapy is constantly changing with the advancement in technology. Factors such as interdisciplinary collaboration, consumer familiarity and adoption of VR products, and progress in clinical science all need to be taken into consideration when integrating virtual technologies into psychotherapies. We aim to present an overview of current expert opinions on the use of virtual technologies in the treatment of anxiety and stress-related disorders. An anonymous survey was distributed to a select group of researchers and clinicians, using an analytic framework known as Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). Overall, the respondents had an optimistic outlook regarding the current use as well as future development and implementation of technology-assisted interventions. VR and MR psychotherapies offer distinct advantages that can overcome shortcomings associated with traditional therapy. The respondents acknowledged and discussed current limitations of VR and MR psychotherapies. They recommended consolidation of existing knowledge and encouraged standardisation in both theory and practice. Continued research is needed to leverage the strengths of VR and MR to develop better treatments.
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| 4. |
- Nagler, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Abundance and biogeography of methanogenic and methanotrophic microorganisms across European streams
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 48:4, s. 947-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Although running waters are getting recognized as important methane sources, large‐scale geographical patterns of microorganisms controlling the net methane balance of streams are still unknown. Here we aim at describing community compositions of methanogenic and methanotrophic microorganisms at large spatial scales and at linking their abundances to potential sediment methane production (PMP) and oxidation rates (PMO).Location: The study spans across 16 European streams from northern Spain to northern Sweden and from western Ireland to western Bulgaria.Taxon: Methanogenic archaea and methane‐oxidizing microorganisms.Methods: To provide a geographical overview of both groups in a single approach, microbial communities and abundances were investigated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, extracting relevant OTUs based on literature; both groups were quantified via quantitative PCR targeting mcrA and pmoA genes and studied in relation to environmental parameters, sediment PMP and PMO, and land use.Results: Diversity of methanogenic archaea was higher in warmer streams and of methanotrophic communities in southern sampling sites and in larger streams. Anthropogenically altered, warm and oxygen‐poor streams were dominated by the highly efficient methanogenic families Methanospirillaceae, Methanosarcinaceae and Methanobacteriaceae, but did not harbour any specific methanotrophic organisms. Contrastingly, sediment communities in colder, oxygen‐rich waters with little anthropogenic impact were characterized by methanogenic Methanosaetaceae, Methanocellaceae and Methanoflorentaceae and methanotrophic Methylococcaceae and Cd. Methanoperedens. Representatives of the methanotrophic Crenotrichaceae and Methylococcaceae as well as the methanogenic Methanoregulaceae were characteristic for environments with larger catchment area and higher discharge. PMP increased with increasing abundance of methanogenic archaea, while PMO rates did not show correlations with abundances of methane‐oxidizing bacteria.Main conclusions: Methanogenic and methanotrophic communities grouping into three habitat types suggest that future climate‐ and land use changes may influence the prevailing microbes involved in the large‐scale stream‐related methane cycle, favouring the growth of highly efficient hydrogenotrophic methane producers. Based on these results, we expect global change effect on PMP rates to especially impact rivers adjacent to anthropogenically disturbed land uses.
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