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- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Greenhalgh, Christopher J, et al.
(författare)
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SOCS2 negatively regulates growth hormone action in vitro and in vivo.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 115:2, s. 397-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mice deficient in SOCS2 display an excessive growth phenotype characterized by a 30-50% increase in mature body size. Here we show that the SOCS2-/- phenotype is dependent upon the presence of endogenous growth hormone (GH) and that treatment with exogenous GH induced excessive growth in mice lacking both endogenous GH and SOCS2. This was reflected in terms of overall body weight, body and bone lengths, and the weight of internal organs and tissues. A heightened response to GH was also measured by examining GH-responsive genes expressed in the liver after exogenous GH administration. To further understand the link between SOCS2 and the GH-signaling cascade, we investigated the nature of these interactions using structure/function and biochemical interaction studies. Analysis of the 3 structural motifs of the SOCS2 molecule revealed that each plays a crucial role in SOCS2 function, with the conserved SOCS-box motif being essential for all inhibitory function. SOCS2 was found to bind 2 phosphorylated tyrosines on the GH receptor, and mutational analysis of these amino acids showed that both were essential for SOCS2 function. Together, the data provide clear evidence that SOCS2 is a negative regulator of GH signaling.
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| 4. |
- Del Tredici, Andria L., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of novel selective V-2 receptor non-peptide agonists
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biochemical Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-2952 .- 1356-1839. ; 76:9, s. 1134-1141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peptides with agonist activity at the vasopressin V-2 receptor are used clinically to treat fluid homeostasis disorders such as polyuria and central diabetes insipidus. of these peptides, the most commonly used is desmopressin, which displays poor bioavailability as well as potent activity at the V-1b receptor, with possible stress-related adverse effects. Thus, there is a strong need for the development of small molecule chemistries with selective V-2 receptor agonist activity. Using the functional cell-based assay Receptor Selection and Amplification Technology (R-SAT (R)), a screening effort identified three small molecule chemotypes (AC-94544, AC-88324, and AC-110484) with selective agonist activity at the V-2 receptor. One of these compounds, AC-94544, displayed over 180-fold selectivity at the V-2 receptor compared to related vasopressin and oxytocin receptors and no activity at 28 other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). All three compounds also showed partial agonist activity at the V-2 receptor in a cAMP accumulation assay. In addition, in a rat model of central diabetes insipidus, AC-94544 was able to significantly reduce urine output in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, AC-94544, AC-88324, and AC-110484 represent novel opportunities for the treatment of disorders associated with V-2 receptor agonist deficiency.
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| 8. |
- Persson, S., et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication and characterisation of strained Si heterojunction bipolar transistors on virtual substrates
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING 2008, TECHNICAL DIGEST. - NEW YORK : IEEE. ; , s. 735-738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strained Si HBTs have been demonstrated for the first time with a maximum current gain (P) of 3700 using a relaxed Si(0.85)Ge(0.15) virtual substrate, Si(0.7)Ge(0.3) base and strained Si emitter. This represents 10x and 27x larger gain compared with pseudomorphic SiGe HBTs and Si control BJTs which were manufactured in parallel and had current gains of 334 and 135, respectively. The strained Si HBTs exhibited satisfactory breakdown voltage (2.5 V) compared with SiGe HBTs (2.7 V) and Si BJTs (4.5 V) and excellent control of collector off-state leakage (< 20 fA).
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| 9. |
- Zhang, Fan, et al.
(författare)
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VEGF-B is dispensable for blood vessel growth but critical for their survival, and VEGF-B targeting inhibits pathological angiogenesis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:15, s. 6152-6157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- VEGF-B, a homolog of VEGF discovered a long time ago, has not been considered an important target in antiangiogenic therapy. Instead, it has received little attention from the field. In this study, using different animal models and multiple types of vascular cells, we revealed that although VEGF-B is dispensable for blood vessel growth, it is critical for their survival. Importantly, the survival effect of VEGF-B is not only on vascular endothelial cells, but also on pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and vascular stem/progenitor cells. In vivo, VEGF-B targeting inhibited both choroidal and retinal neovascularization. Mechanistically, we found that the vascular survival effect of VEGF-B is achieved by regulating the expression of many vascular prosurvival genes via both NP-1 and VEGFR-1. Our work thus indicates that the function of VEGF-B in the vascular system is to act as a "survival," rather than an "angiogenic" factor and that VEGF-B inhibition may offer new therapeutic opportunities to treat neovascular diseases.
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