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- Frith, Amy L., et al.
(författare)
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Micronutrient supplementation affects maternal-infant feeding interactions and maternal distress in Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 90:1, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Good maternal-infant interaction is essential for optimal infant growth, health, and development. Although micronutrient malnutrition has been associated with poorer interaction, the effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on interaction are unknown. OBJECTIVES: We examined differences in maternal-infant feeding interaction between 3 maternal pre- and postpartum micronutrient supplementation groups that differed in iron dose and inclusion of multiple micronutrients and determined whether any differences observed were mediated by maternal distress. DESIGN: A cohort of 180 pregnant women was selected from 3300 women in the randomized controlled trial Maternal Infant Nutritional Interventions Matlab, which was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. At 8 wk of gestation, women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups to receive a daily supplement of micronutrients (14 wk gestation to 12 wk postpartum): 60 or 30 mg Fe each with 400 microg folic acid or multiple micronutrients (MuMS; 30 mg Fe, 400 microg folic acid, and other micronutrients). A maternal-infant feeding interaction was observed in the home when infants were 3.4-4.0 mo of age, and maternal distress was assessed. RESULTS: Compared with 30 mg Fe, 60 mg Fe decreased the quality of maternal-infant feeding interaction by approximately 10%. Compared with 30 mg Fe, MuMS did not improve interaction but reduced maternal early postpartum distress. Distress did not mediate the effects of micronutrient supplementation on interaction. CONCLUSION: For pregnant and postpartum women, micronutrient supplementation should be based on both nutritional variables (eg, iron status) and functional outcomes (eg, maternal-infant interaction and maternal distress).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Naved, Ruchira T., et al.
(författare)
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Paramedic-conducted Mental Health Counselling for Abused Women in Rural Bangladesh : An Evaluation from the Perspective of Participants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. - 1606-0997 .- 2072-1315. ; 27:4, s. 477-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on evaluation of an initiative to use paramedics as the first-level mental health counsellors of abused women in rural Bangladesh (2003-2004) from the perspective of the abused women who participated in one or more counselling sessions. Thirty in-depth interviews, followed by a survey (n=372), targeted to cover all participants, were conducted in 2006. Overall, the arrangement, management of ethical issues, and skills of paramedics were rated favourably. Most (89%) abused women (n=372) considered the session useful; one-fourth of these women considered it very useful; and only a few abused women considered the session useless. Usefulness of the session was expressed mostly in terms of relief attained after talking about the issue. Most (87%) women reported being encouraged to be self-confident. In a context characterized by low self-confidence of women, lack of opportunity to talk about violence, and absence of professional mental health counselling services, this initiative is sufficiently promising to warrant further testing.
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| 5. |
- Åsling Monemi, Kajsa, 1960-
(författare)
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The Impact of Violence Against Women on Child Growth, Morbidity and Survival : Studies in Bangladesh and Nicaragua
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to explore the impact of physical, sexual and emotional violence against women of reproductive age and the level of controlling behaviour in marriage on child health and survival in two different cultural settings: Bangladesh and Nicaragua. Data were acquired from four quantitative community-based studies. In two studies, a cohort including a prospective two year follow-up of 3164 mother-infant pairs in rural Bangladesh was investigated. A third study was a case-referent study in Nicaragua including mothers of 110 cases of under-five deaths and 203 referents, and in a forth study an other cohort of 1048 rural Bangladeshi women and their 2691 children was followed until 5 years of age. Maternal exposure to any form of violence, including physical, sexual, emotional, and controlling behaviour was independently associated with lower body size at birth, increased risk of stunting and under-weight at 24 months of age, slower growth velocity during the first two years of life and a higher incidence of diarrhoeal episodes and respiratory tract infections. In the Nicaraguan setting, the children of women who experienced any history of physical violence had a two-fold increase in risk of death before the age of 5 years, and those whose mothers experienced both physical and sexual violence had a six-fold increase in risk of death. In Bangladesh, an association between violence against women and under-five mortality was found among daughters of educated mothers who were exposed to severe physical violence or a high level of controlling behaviour in marriage. In all four studies, lifetime violence experience among participating mothers was high (37-69%), and the timing was less relevant than the exposure to violence per se. In conclusion, this investigation revealed that violence against women severely affects child health and survival. The findings are especially relevant in a context of high level of child under-nutrition, morbidity and under-five mortality. Efforts for protecting women from all forms of violence are needed as part of the interventions for improved child health.
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| 6. |
- Åsling-Monemi, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Violence against women and increases in the risk of diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in infancy : a prospective cohort study in Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1072-4710 .- 1538-3628. ; 163:10, s. 931-936
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore whether different forms of violence against women were associated with increased incidence rates of diarrhea and respiratory tract infections among infants. DESIGN: A 12-month follow-up study embedded in a food and micronutrient supplementation trial. SETTING: Rural Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women and their 3132 live-born children. MAIN EXPOSURE: Maternal exposure to physical, sexual, and emotional violence and level of controlling behavior in the family. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Infants' risk of falling ill with diarrheal diseases and respiratory tract infections in relation to mothers' exposure to different forms of violence. Adjusted for household economic conditions, mother's education level, parity, and religion. RESULTS: Fifty percent of the women reported lifetime experience of family violence. Infants of mothers exposed to different forms of family violence had 26% to 37% higher incidence of diarrhea. Any lifetime family violence was positively associated with increased incidence of diarrheal diseases (adjusted rate ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.30) and lower respiratory tract infections (adjusted rate ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.46). Further, all forms of family violence were also independently positively associated with infant illness, and the highest incidence rates were found among the daughters of severely physically abused mothers. CONCLUSION: Family violence against women was positively associated with an increased risk of falling ill with diarrheal and respiratory tract infections during infancy. The present findings add to increasing evidence of the magnitude of public health consequences of violence against women.
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| 7. |
- Åsling Monemi, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Violence against women and the risk of under-five mortality : analysis of community-based data from rural Bangladesh
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:2, s. 226-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To assess whether violence against women was associated with increased mortality risks for their daughters and sons before the age of 5. METHODS: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from rural Bangladesh of 2691 live-born children in relation to their mother's experience of physical, sexual and emotional partner violence and level of controlling behaviour in marriage. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders and stratified by gender. RESULT: Under five-mortality was 88 per 1000 in this cohort. Overall, there was no association between different forms of violence against women and under-five mortality. However, more educated women had an increased risk of under-five deaths of their female offspring if ever exposed to severe physical violence (adjusted hazard ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.06-4.50) or to a high level of controlling behaviour in marriage (adjusted hazard ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.30-4.90). Controlling behaviour in marriage increased the hazard ratios in a dose-response manner. Increased mortality risks were neither shown for offspring of women with low or no education nor for boys in any educational group. CONCLUSION: Severe physical violence and controlling behaviour in marriage were associated with higher under-five mortality among daughters of educated mothers in rural Bangladesh, indicating gender-biased consequences of partner violence for child mortality.
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