| 1. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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“Power Base” Tactics for Workplace Change – an Interview Study with Industrial Engineers and Ergonomists
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 60:5, s. 613-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The work activities of Industrial Engineers (IEs) and Ergonomists drive workplace changes. The purpose of this study is to compare the work practices of the two professions and examine 1) how IEs and ergonomists gain influence over workplace changes, and 2) whether there are prevailing types of intentional interaction behaviours called Power Bases (PB), present in the interactiontactics they employ. The study identified key behavioural strategies used by the interviewees to successfully influence workplace changes; these were then mapped to their corresponding PB. Results showed that IEs and Ergonomists were successfully influencing workplace changes using several tactics across the spectrum of power bases, with the exception of Reward and Coercion. The study concludes with a list of recommended workplace change agent tactics, and proposes that a PB “analytical lens” can serve to increase the budding ergonomist’s critical and analytical skills when considering possible workplace change tactics.
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| 2. |
- Boeddinghaus, Jasper, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of age on the performance of the ESC 0/1h-algorithms for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 39:42, s. 3780-3794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims We aimed to evaluate the impact of age on the performance of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1h-algorithms and to derive and externally validate alternative cut-offs specific to older patients. Methods and results We prospectively enrolled patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms suggestive of and results acute myocardial infarction in three large diagnostic studies. Final diagnoses were adjudicated by two independent cardiologists. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) T and I concentrations were measured at presentation and after 1 h. Patients were stratified according to age [<55 years (young), >= 55 to <70 years (middle-age), >= 70 years (old)]. Rule-out safety of the ESC hs-cTnT 0/1h-algorithm was very high in all age-strata: sensitivity 100% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 94.9-100] in young, 99.3% (95% CI 96.0-99.9) in middle-age, and 99.3% (95% CI 97.599.8) in old patients. Accuracy of rule-in decreased with age: specificity 97.0% (95% CI 95.8-97.9) in young, 96.1% (95% CI 94.5-97.2) in middle-age, and 92.7% (95% CI 90.7-94.3) in older patients. Triage efficacy decreased with increasing age (young 93%, middle-age 80%, old 55%, P <0.001). Similar results were found for the ESC hs-cTnT 0/1h-algorithm. Alternative, slightly higher cut-off concentrations optimized for older patients maintained very high safety of rule-out, increased specificity of rule-in (P< 0.01), reduced overall efficacy for hs-cTnT (P <0.01), while maintaining efficacy for hs-cTnl. Findings were confirmed in two validation cohorts (n = 2767). Conclusion While safety of the ESC 0/1h-algorithms remained very high, increasing age significantly reduced overall efficacy and the accuracy of rule-in. Alternative slightly higher cut-off concentrations may be considered for older patients, particularly if using hs-cTnl.
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| 3. |
- Hernandez Bennetts, Victor, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Probabilistic Air Flow Modelling Using Turbulent and Laminar Characteristics for Ground and Aerial Robots
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2377-3766. ; 2:2, s. 1117-1123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For mobile robots that operate in complex, uncontrolled environments, estimating air flow models can be of great importance. Aerial robots use air flow models to plan optimal navigation paths and to avoid turbulence-ridden areas. Search and rescue platforms use air flow models to infer the location of gas leaks. Environmental monitoring robots enrich pollution distribution maps by integrating the information conveyed by an air flow model. In this paper, we present an air flow modelling algorithm that uses wind data collected at a sparse number of locations to estimate joint probability distributions over wind speed and direction at given query locations. The algorithm uses a novel extrapolation approach that models the air flow as a linear combination of laminar and turbulent components. We evaluated the prediction capabilities of our algorithm with data collected with an aerial robot during several exploration runs. The results show that our algorithm has a high degree of stability with respect to parameter selection while outperforming conventional extrapolation approaches. In addition, we applied our proposed approach in an industrial application, where the characterization of a ventilation system is supported by a ground mobile robot. We compared multiple air flow maps recorded over several months by estimating stability maps using the Kullback–Leibler divergence between the distributions. The results show that, despite local differences, similar air flow patterns prevail over time. Moreover, we corroborated the validity of our results with knowledge from human experts.
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| 4. |
- Hüllmann, Dino, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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A Realistic Remote Gas Sensor Model for Three-Dimensional Olfaction Simulations
- 2019
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Ingår i: ISOCS/IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN). - : IEEE. - 9781538683279 - 9781538683286
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote gas sensors like those based on the Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) enable mobile robots to scan huge areas for gas concentrations in reasonable time and are therefore well suited for tasks such as gas emission surveillance and environmental monitoring. A further advantage of remote sensors is that the gas distribution is not disturbed by the sensing platform itself if the measurements are carried out from a sufficient distance, which is particularly interesting when a rotary-wing platform is used. Since there is no possibility to obtain ground truth measurements of gas distributions, simulations are used to develop and evaluate suitable olfaction algorithms. For this purpose several models of in-situ gas sensors have been developed, but models of remote gas sensors are missing. In this paper we present two novel 3D ray-tracer-based TDLAS sensor models. While the first model simplifies the laser beam as a line, the second model takes the conical shape of the beam into account. Using a simulated gas plume, we compare the line model with the cone model in terms of accuracy and computational cost and show that the results generated by the cone model can differ significantly from those of the line model.
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| 5. |
- Hüllmann, Dino, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Control of a spherical parallel manipulator
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 2214-7853. ; 12:2, s. 423-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In mobile robot applications, some sensors such as open-path gas detectors or laser rangefinders need to be aimed at specific targets in order to get the desired measurements. To do this in a fast and elegant manner, we present a spherical parallel manipulator with three degrees of freedom. Compared to typical serial manipulators, it offers superior dynamics and structural stiffness, which are important parameters for this type of task. We present the mechanical design and derive kinematic equations both to compute set-points for the desired orientation and to estimate the current state of the system. A PID controller is used to generate control signals.
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| 6. |
- Hüllmann, Dino, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Control of a spherical parallel manipulator with three degrees of freedom
- 2018
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Ingår i: 35th Danubia-Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics. - Bukarest, Romania. - 9786062308742 ; , s. 159-160
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In robotic applications, it is often necessary to orient a sensor quickly. Spherical parallel manipulators (SPM) are well suited for this purpose since they offer superior dynamics and structural stiffness as compared to serial manipulators. To control them, however, the kinematic equations have to be known. In this paper, a SPM with three degrees of freedom and the kinematic equations describing its mechanical properties are presented.
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| 7. |
- Hüllmann, Dino, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Current-independent torque control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 2214-7853. ; 4:5, s. 5821-5826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A current-independent torque equation for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) aiming at direct-drive servo applications is derived from a first principles model. Instead of measuring currents, all required control parameters are derived from optical incremental encoder measurements. The results are verified on a real system in test series showing the effect of static friction and proving the obtained torque model.
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| 8. |
- Hüllmann, Dino, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Validation of the Cone-Shaped Remote Gas Sensor Model
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE SENSORS. - : IEEE. - 9781728116341
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote gas sensors mounted on mobile robots enable the mapping of gas distributions in large or hardly accessible areas. A challenging task, however, is the generation of three-dimensional distribution maps from these gas measurements. Suitable reconstruction algorithms can be adapted, for instance, from the field of computed tomography (CT), but both their performance and strategies for selecting optimal measuring poses must be evaluated. For this purpose simulations are used, since, in contrast to field tests, they allow repeatable conditions. Although several simulation tools exist, they lack realistic models of remote gas sensors. Recently, we introduced a model for a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) gas sensor taking into account the conical shape of its laser beam. However, the novel model has not yet been validated with experiments. In this paper, we compare our model with a real sensor device and show that the assumptions made hold.
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| 9. |
- Hüllmann, Dino, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Gas Dispersion Fluid Mechanics Simulation for Large Outdoor Environments
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 36th Danubia Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics. - Pilsen, Czech Republic : Danubia-Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics. - 9788026108764 ; , s. 49-50
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of algorithms for mapping gas distributions and localising gas sources is a challenging task, because gas dispersion is a highly dynamic process and it is impossible to capture ground truth data. Fluid-mechanical simulations are a suitable way to support the development of these algorithms. Several tools for gas dispersion simulation have been developed, but they are not suitable for simulations of large outdoor environments. In this paper, we present a concept of how an existing simulator can be extended to handle both indoor and large outdoor scenarios.
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| 10. |
- Hüllmann, Dino, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring rotor speed for wind vector estimation on multirotor aircraft
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Materials Today. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 2214-7853. ; 5:13, s. 26703-26708
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For several applications involving multirotor aircraft, it is crucial to know both the direction and speed of the ambient wind. In this paper, an approach to wind vector estimation based on an equilibrium of the principal forces acting on the aircraft is shown. As the thrust force generated by the rotors depends on their rotational speed, a sensor to measure this quantity is required. Two concepts for such a sensor are presented: One is based on tapping the signal carrying the speed setpoint for the motor controllers, the other one uses phototransistors placed underneath the rotor blades. While some complications were encountered with the first approach, the second yields accurate measurement data. This is shown by an experiment comparing the proposed speed sensor to a commercial non-contact tachometer.
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| 11. |
- Hüllmann, Dino, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Motor Speed Transfer Function for Wind Vector Estimation on Multirotor Aircraft
- 2017
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Ingår i: 34th Danubia-Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics. - Trieste, Italy : EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste. - 9788883038631 ; , s. 75-77
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A set of equations is derived to estimate the 3D wind vector with a multirotor aircraft using the aircraft itself as a flying anemometer. Since the thrust component is required to compute the wind vector, the PWM signal controlling the motors of the aircraft is measured and a transfer function describing the relation between the PWM signal and the rotational speed of the motors is derived.
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| 12. |
- Neumann, Patrick P., et al.
(författare)
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Aerial-based gas tomography : from single beams to complex gas distributions
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Remote Sensing. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 2279-7254. ; 52:Sup. 3, s. 2-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present and validate the concept of an autonomous aerial robot to reconstruct tomographic 2D slices of gas plumes in outdoor environments. Our platform, the so-called Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Remote Gas Sensing (UAV-REGAS), combines a lightweight Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) gas sensor with a 3-axis aerial stabilization gimbal for aiming at a versatile octocopter. While the TDLAS sensor provides integral gas concentration measurements, it does not measure the distance traveled by the laser diode?s beam nor the distribution of gas along the optical path. Thus, we complement the set-up with a laser rangefinder and apply principles of Computed Tomography (CT) to create a model of the spatial gas distribution from a set of integral concentration measurements. To allow for a fundamental ground truth evaluation of the applied gas tomography algorithm, we set up a unique outdoor test environment based on two 3D ultrasonic anemometers and a distributed array of 10 infrared gas transmitters. We present results showing its performance characteristics and 2D plume reconstruction capabilities under realistic conditions. The proposed system can be deployed in scenarios that cannot be addressed by currently available robots and thus constitutes a significant step forward for the field of Mobile Robot Olfaction (MRO).
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| 13. |
- Neumann, Patrick P., et al.
(författare)
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Bringing Mobile Robot Olfaction to the Next Dimension - UAV-based Remote Sensing of Gas Clouds and Source Localization
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509046331 - 9781509046348 ; , s. 3910-3916
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a novel robotic platform for aerial remote gas sensing. Spectroscopic measurement methods for remote sensing of selected gases lend themselves for use on mini-copters, which offer a number of advantages for inspection and surveillance. No direct contact with the target gas is needed and thus the influence of the aerial platform on the measured gas plume can be kept to a minimum. This allows to overcome one of the major issues with gas-sensitive mini-copters. On the other hand, remote gas sensors, most prominently Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensors have been too bulky given the payload and energy restrictions of mini-copters. Here, we introduce and present the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Remote Gas Sensing (UAV-REGAS), which combines a novel lightweight TDLAS sensor with a 3-axis aerial stabilization gimbal for aiming on a versatile hexacopter. The proposed system can be deployed in scenarios that cannot be addressed by currently available robots and thus constitutes a significant step forward for the field of Mobile Robot Olfaction (MRO). It enables tomographic reconstruction of gas plumes and a localization of gas sources. We also present first results showing the gas sensing and aiming capabilities under realistic conditions.
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| 14. |
- Neumann, Patrick P., et al.
(författare)
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Concept of a gas-sensitive nano aerial robot swarm for indoor air quality monitoring
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 35th Danubia-Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics. - Bukarest, Romania. - 9786062308742 ; , s. 139-140
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In industrial environments, airborne by-products such as dust and (toxic) gases, constitute a major risk for the worker’s health. Major changes in automated processes in the industry lead to an increasing demand for solutions in air quality management. Thus, occupational health experts are highly interested in precise dust and gas distribution models for working environments. For practical and economic reasons, high-quality, costly measurements are often available for short time-intervals only. Therefore, current monitoring procedures are carried out sparsely, both in time and space, i.e., measurement data are collected in single day campaigns at selected locations only. Real-time knowledge of contaminant distributions inside the working environment would also provide means for better and more economic control of air impurities. For example, the possibility to regulate the workspace’s ventilation exhaust locations can reduce the concentration of airborne contaminants by 50%. To improve the occupational health and safety of (industrial) workplaces, this work aims for developing a swarm of gas-sensitive aerial nano robots for monitoring indoor air quality and for localizing potential emission sources.
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| 15. |
- Neumann, Patrick P., et al.
(författare)
-
Concept of a gas-sensitive nano aerial robot swarm for indoor air quality monitoring
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Materials Today. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 2214-7853. ; 12:2, s. 470-473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we introduce a nano aerial robot swarm for indoor air quality monitoring applications such as occupational health and safety of (industrial) workplaces. The concept combines a robotic swarm composing of nano Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (nano UAVs), based on the Crazyflie 2.0 quadrocopter, and small lightweight metal oxide gas sensors for measuring the Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) in ppb and estimating the eCO2 (equivalent calculated carbon-dioxide) concentration in ppm. TVOC is a measure for the indoor air quality. An indoor localization and positioning system will be used to estimate the absolute 3D position of the swarm like GPS. Based on this novel indoor air quality monitoring concept, the development and validation of new algorithms in the field of Mobile Robot Olfaction (MRO) are planned, namely gas source localization and gas distribution mapping. A test scenario will be built up to validate and optimize the gas-sensitive nano aerial robot swarm for the intended applications.
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| 16. |
- Neumann, Patrick P., et al.
(författare)
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From Insects to Micro Air Vehicles : A Comparison of Reactive Plume Tracking Strategies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Intelligent Autonomous Systems 13. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319083384 - 9783319083377 ; , s. 1533-1548
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insect behavior is a common source of inspiration for roboticists and computer scientists when designing gas-sensitive mobile robots. More specifically, tracking airborne odor plumes, and localization of distant gas sources are abilities that suit practical applications such as leak localization and emission monitoring. Gas sensing with mobile robots has been mostly addressed with ground-based platforms and under simplified conditions and thus, there exist a significant gap between the outstanding insect abilities and state-of-the-art robotics systems. As a step toward practical applications, we evaluated the performance of three biologically inspired plume tracking algorithms. The evaluation is carried out not only with computer simulations, but also with real-world experiments in which, a quadrocopter-based micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle autonomously follows a methane trail toward the emitting source. Compared to ground robots, micro UAVs bring several advantages such as their superior steering capabilities and fewer mobility restrictions in complex terrains. The experimental evaluation shows that, under certain environmental conditions, insect like behavior in gas-sensitive UAVs is feasible in real-world environments.
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| 17. |
- Neumann, Patrick P., et al.
(författare)
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Gas Tomography Up In The Air!
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE Sensors 2018. - : IEEE. - 9781538647073
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present an autonomous aerial robot to reconstruct tomographic 2D slices of gas plumes in outdoor environments. Our platform, the so-called Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Remote Gas Sensing (UAV-REGAS) combines a lightweight Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensor with a 3-axis aerial stabilization gimbal for aiming on a versatile octocopter. The TDLAS sensor provides integral gas concentration measurements but no information regarding the distance traveled by the laser diode's beam or the distribution of the gas along the optical path. We complemented the set-up with a laser rangefinder and apply principles of Computed Tomography (CT) to create a model of the spatial gas distribution from these integral concentration measurements. To allow for a rudimentary ground truth evaluation of the applied gas tomography algorithm, we set up a unique outdoor test environment based on two 3D ultrasonic anemometers and a distributed array of 10 infrared gas transmitters. We present first results showing the 2D plume reconstruction capabilities of the system under realistic conditions.
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| 18. |
- Neumann, Patrick P., et al.
(författare)
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Indoor Air Quality Monitoring using flying Nanobots : Design and Experimental Study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: ISOCS/IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN). - : IEEE. - 9781538683279 - 9781538683286 ; , s. 1-3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we introduce a nano aerial robot swarm for Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) monitoring applications such as occupational health and safety of (industrial) workplaces. The robotic swarm is composed of nano Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), based on the Crazyflie 2.0 quadrocopter, and small lightweight Metal Oxide (MOX) gas sensors for measuring the Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC), which is a measure for IAQ. An indoor localization and positioning system is used to estimate the absolute 3D position of the swarm similar to GPS. A test scenario was built up to validate and optimize the swarm for the intended applications. Besides calibration of the IAQ sensors, we performed experiments to investigate the influence of the rotor downwash on the gas measurements at different altitudes and compared them with stationary measurements. Moreover, we did a first evaluation of the gas distribution mapping performance. Based on this novel IAQ monitoring concept, new algorithms in the field of Mobile Robot Olfaction (MRO) are planned to be developed exploiting the abilities of an aerial robotic swarm.
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| 19. |
- Neumann, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Simulating operator learning during production ramp-up in parallel vs. serial flow production
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 55:3, s. 845-857
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this research is to demonstrate how human learning models can be integrated into discrete event simulation to examine ramp-up time differences between serial and parallel flow production strategies. The experimental model examined three levels of learning rate and minimum cycle times. Results show that while the parallel flow system had longer ramp-up times than serial flow systems, they also had higher maximum throughput capacity. As a result, the parallel flow system frequently outperformed lines within the first weeks of operation. There is a critical lack of empiricalevidence or methods that would allow designers to accurately determine what the critical learning parameters might be in their specific operations, and further research is needed to create predictive tools in this important area.
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| 20. |
- Neumann, W. Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation and employee injury risk in automotive disassembly operations
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 56:9, s. 3188-3203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering innovations in car disassembly systems are studied for affects on system operators’ risk of repetitive strain injury (RSI). Objective instrumented measures of injury risk factors with synchronized video-based task analyses were used to examine changes in operators’ RSI risk during two cases of engineering innovation: 1) a shift in industrial model from traditional extracting saleable parts to line-based full material recovery, and 2) the prospective effects of a simulated “Lean” inspired process improvement in the line system.Both cases of innovation showed significantly increased movement speeds and reduced muscular recovery opportunities, implying increased RSI risk. This case study reveals a mechanism by which innovation may increase RSI risks for operators. Managers responsible for engineering innovation should ensure their teams have the tools and mandate necessary to control injury hazards as part of the development and design process. These cases suggest how failure to manage RSI hazards in the innovation process may allow increases of injury risks that can compromise operational performance. This “innovation pitfall” has implications for operator health and organizational sustainability. Alternative pathways are discussed.
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| 21. |
- Rose, Linda, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling endurance and resumption times for repetitive one-hand pushing
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 61:7, s. 891-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study's objective was to develop models of endurance time (ET), as a function of load level (LL), and of resumption time (RT) after loading as a function of both LL and loading time (LT) for repeated loadings. Ten male participants with experience in construction work each performed 15 different one-handed repetaed pushing tasks at shoulder height with varied exerted force and duration. These data were used to create regression models predicting ET and RT. It is concluded that power law relationships are most appropriate to use when modelling ET and RT. While the data the equations are based on are limited regarding number of participants, gender, postures, magnitude and type of exerted force, the paper suggests how this kind of modelling can be used in job design and in further research.Practitioner Summary: Adequate muscular recovery during work-shifts is important to create sustainable jobs. This paper describes mathematical modelling and presents models for endurance times and resumption times (an aspect of recovery need), based on data from an empirical study. The models can be used to help manage fatigue levels in job design.
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| 22. |
- Roselli, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:9, s. 1225-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide(1) and has a complex heritability(2). We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AF to date, consisting of more than half a million individuals, including 65,446 with AF. In total, we identified 97 loci significantly associated with AF, including 67 that were novel in a combined-ancestry analysis, and 3 that were novel in a European-specific analysis. We sought to identify AF-associated genes at the GWAS loci by performing RNA-sequencing and expression quantitative trait locus analyses in 101 left atrial samples, the most relevant tissue for AF. We also performed transcriptome-wide analyses that identified 57 AF-associated genes, 42 of which overlap with GWAS loci. The identified loci implicate genes enriched within cardiac developmental, electrophysiological, contractile and structural pathways. These results extend our understanding of the biological pathways underlying AF and may facilitate the development of therapeutics for AF.
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| 23. |
- Shane, Dixon, et al.
(författare)
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Young consumers' considerations of healthy working conditions in purchasing decisions : a qualitative examination
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 60:5, s. 601-612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has suggested that products manufactured under healthy work conditions (HWC) may provide a marketing advantage to companies. This paper explores young consumers’ considerations of HWC in purchasing decisions using data from qualitative interviews with a sample of 21 university students. The results suggest that interviewees frequently considered the working conditions of those who produced the products they purchased. Participants reported a willingness to pay 17.5% more on a $100 product if it were produced under HWC compared to not. Their ability and willingness to act on this issue was, however, hampered a lack of credible information about working conditions in production, the limited availability of HWC goods and a presumed higher price of HWC goods. While caution should be applied when generalising from this targetable market segment to a general population, these results provide actionable direction for companies interested in using a HWC brand image to gain a strategic sales advantage.Practitioner Summary: This interview study shows that young consumers are interested in, and willing to pay a premium for, goods made under healthy working conditions (HWC). Reported barriers to acting on this impulse include a lack of credible information on working conditions. Ergonomics can help provide a strategic marketing advantage for companies.
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| 24. |
- Todea, Ana Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-comparison of personal monitors for nanoparticles exposure at workplaces and in the environment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 605, s. 929-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal monitors based on unipolar diffusion charging (miniDiSC/DiSCmini, NanoTracer, Partector) can be used to assess the individual exposure to nanoparticles in different environments. The charge acquired by the aerosol particles is nearly proportional to the particle diameter and, by coincidence, also nearly proportional to the alveolar lung-deposited surface area (LDSA), the metric reported by all three instruments. In addition, the miniDiSC/DiSCmini and the NanoTracer report particle number concentration and mean particle size. In view of their use for personal exposure studies, the comparability of these personal monitors was assessed in two measurement a large range of particle sizes, morphologies and concentrations. The data provided by the personal monitors were compared with those obtained from reference instruments: a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) for LDSA and mean particle size and a ultrafine particle counter (UCPC) for number concentration. The results indicated that the LDSA concentrations and the mean particle sizes provided by all investigated instruments in this study were in the order of +/- 30% of the reference value obtained from the SMPS when the particle sizes of the test aerosols generated were within 20-400 nm and the instruments were properly calibrated. Particle size, morphology and concentration did not have a major effect within the aforementioned limits. The comparability of the number concentrations was found to be slightly worse and in the range of +/- 50% of the reference value obtained from the UCPC. In addition, a minor effect of the particle morphology on the number concentration measurements was observed. The presence of particles >400 nm can drastically bias the measurement results of all instruments and all metrics determined.
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| 25. |
- Winkel, Jörgen, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific evidence suggests a changed approach in ergonomic intervention research
- 2017
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Ingår i: Osvalder A.-L., Blomé M. & Bodnar H. (Eds.) NES 2017, Conference Proceedings. - Lund. - 9789177531524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ergonomic interventions have generally been unsuccessful in improving workers’ health, with concurrent rationalization efforts negating potentially successful intervention initiatives. We propose the two aims are considered simultaneously, aiming at the joint consideration of competitive performance and work environment in a long-term perspective (“organizational sustainability”). A prerequisite is a high level of dialogue between the different groups of stakeholders, and we argue that the Nordic countries, through high levels of trust and justice (social capital), have unique opportunity to carry out such research. The present authors bring forth the vision of “a Nordic Model for development of more sustainable production systems”.
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