| 1. |
- Klaric, Lucija, et al.
(författare)
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Mendelian randomisation identifies alternative splicing of the FAS death receptor as a mediator of severe COVID-19.
- 2021
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Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. ; , s. 1-28
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Severe COVID-19 is characterised by immunopathology and epithelial injury. Proteomic studies have identified circulating proteins that are biomarkers of severe COVID-19, but cannot distinguish correlation from causation. To address this, we performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) to identify proteins that mediate severe COVID-19. Using protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data from the SCALLOP consortium, involving meta-analysis of up to 26,494 individuals, and COVID-19 genome-wide association data from the Host Genetics Initiative, we performed MR for 157 COVID-19 severity protein biomarkers. We identified significant MR results for five proteins: FAS, TNFRSF10A, CCL2, EPHB4 and LGALS9. Further evaluation of these candidates using sensitivity analyses and colocalization testing provided strong evidence to implicate the apoptosis-associated cytokine receptor FAS as a causal mediator of severe COVID-19. This effect was specific to severe disease. Using RNA-seq data from 4,778 individuals, we demonstrate that the pQTL at the FAS locus results from genetically influenced alternate splicing causing skipping of exon 6. We show that the risk allele for very severe COVID-19 increases the proportion of transcripts lacking exon 6, and thereby increases soluble FAS. Soluble FAS acts as a decoy receptor for FAS-ligand, inhibiting apoptosis induced through membrane-bound FAS. In summary, we demonstrate a novel genetic mechanism that contributes to risk of severe of COVID-19, highlighting a pathway that may be a promising therapeutic target.
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| 2. |
- Abé, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Brain structure and clinical profile point to neurodevelopmental factors involved in pedophilic disorder
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 143:4, s. 363-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Pedophilic disorder (PD) is characterized bypersistent, intense sexual attraction to prepubertal children that the individual has acted on, or causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. Although prior research suggests that PD has neurodevelopmental underpinnings, the evidence remains sparse. To aid the understanding of etiology and treatment development, we quantified neurobiological and clinical correlates of PD.Method: We compared 55 self-referred, help-seeking, non-forensic male patients with DSM-5 PD with 57 age-matched, healthy male controls (HC) on clinical, neuropsychological, and structural brain imaging measures (cortical thickness and surface area, subcortical and white matter volumes). Structural brain measures were related to markers for aberrant neurodevelopment including IQ, and the 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D:4D).Results: PD was associated with psychiatric disorder comorbidity and ADHD and autism spectrum disorder symptoms. PD patients had lower total IQ than HC. PD individuals exhibited cortical surface area abnormalities in regions belonging to the brain's default mode network and showed abnormal volume of white matter underlying those regions. PD subjects had smaller hippocampi and nuclei accumbens than HC. Findings were not related to history of child-related sexual offending. IQ correlated negatively with global expression of PD-related brain features and 2D:4D correlated with surface area in PD.Conclusions: In the largest single-center study to date, we delineate psychiatric comorbidity, neurobiological and cognitive correlates of PD. Our morphometric findings, their associations with markers of aberrant neurodevelopment, and psychiatric comorbidities suggest that neurodevelopmental mechanisms are involved in PD. The findings may need consideration in future development of clinical management of PD patients.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Inflammation in Preclinical Ulcerative Colitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : AGA Institute. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 161:5, s. 1526-1539.e9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Preclinical ulcerative colitis is poorly defined. We aimed to characterize the preclinical systemic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, using a comprehensive set of proteins.Methods: We obtained plasma samples biobanked from individuals who developed ulcerative colitis later in life (n = 72) and matched healthy controls (n = 140) within a population-based screening cohort. We measured 92 proteins related to inflammation using a proximity extension assay. The biologic relevance of these findings was validated in an inception cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 50). To examine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on these markers, a cohort of healthy twin siblings of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 41) and matched healthy controls (n = 37) were explored.Results: Six proteins (MMP10, CXCL9, CCL11, SLAMF1, CXCL11 and MCP-1) were up-regulated (P < .05) in preclinical ulcerative colitis compared with controls based on both univariate and multivariable models. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses identified several potential key regulators, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, oncostatin M, nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, and interleukin-4. For validation, we built a multivariable model to predict disease in the inception cohort. The model discriminated treatment-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis from controls with leave-one-out cross-validation (area under the curve = 0.92). Consistently, MMP10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and MCP-1, but not CCL11 and SLAMF1, were significantly up-regulated among the healthy twin siblings, even though their relative abundances seemed higher in incident ulcerative colitis.Conclusions: A set of inflammatory proteins are up-regulated several years before a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. These proteins were highly predictive of an ulcerative colitis diagnosis, and some seemed to be up-regulated already at exposure to genetic and environmental risk factors.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Björk, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Marinarkeologisk undersökning och dokumentation av skeppsvraket Constantia : RAÄ Torhamn 96 (L1978:1899)
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Blekinge museum har på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Blekinge undersökt och dokumenterat vraket efter flöjtskeppet Constantia (1676), beläget öster om Inlängan i Blekinge skärgård. Lämningen dokumenterades genom fotogrammetri och manuell uppmätning. Därutöver sågades fem prov för dendrokronologisk analys och ett fyra tegelstenar bärgades för ICP-analys. Området runt vraket metalldetekterades och flera större utslag noterades, möjligtvis kanoner. På lämningen påträffades en träsked samt flera metallfragment från en klocka vilka skyddsbärgades efter samråd med Länsstyrelsen. Undersökningen visar att lämningen trots sitt nedbrutna tillstånd innehåller flera välbevarade och orörda arkeologiska kontexter vilka kan ge en unik inblick i livet ombord på ett krigsfartyg under stormaktstiden och inte minst användningen av bestyckade handelsfartyg. Därutöver illustrerar hela händelseförloppet kring Constantias förlisning på det strategiska behovet av en flottbas i södra Östersjön, ett behov som Karlskrona därefter kommit att tillgodose.
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| 7. |
- Bonninghoff, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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ZrCuAlNi thin film metallic glass grown by high power impulse and direct current magnetron sputtering
- 2021
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is a thin film deposition technique that combines the advantages of energetic deposition methods with magnetron sputtering. HiPIMS has so far mostly been utilized for the growth of crystalline coatings. Here we offer a study devoted to metallic glasses, in which we compare Zr60Cu25Al10Ni5 (target composition) thin films deposited by conventional direct current magnetron sputtering (DC) and HiPIMS. Film microstructure is strongly dependent on the choice of the sputtering method. The DC layers show a columnar structure with intra-columnar porosity, which provides a pathway for oxygen diffusion into the film. In contrast, HiPIMS films are column-free and possess about 4% higher density, as revealed by X-ray reflectivity. Electron diffraction reveals a decrease in average atomic spacing for the latter film of about 12%. These differences in film properties and morphology can be attributed to an increase in ad-atom mobility during HiPIMS caused by an increase in ion energy and flux of the film-forming species enabling a more efficient energy and momentum transfer to the growing film surface. The relative contribution of metallic and hence film forming ions to the overall ion flux of the DC plasma compared to the HiPIMS plasma is 13% and 96%, respectively. Additionally, a substrate bias causes the ionized film forming species during HiPIMS to arrive close to the substrate normal reducing shadowing effects. Different microstructures have a direct effect on the average roughness values, which for DC and HiPIMS films are 1.4 nm and 0.2 nm, respectively. The indentation hardness H and Youngs modulus E are higher for the HiPIMS sample, at 9.2 +/- 0.3 GPa and 131.6 +/- 3.6 GPa, respectively. The increase in hardness for the HiPIMS sample as compared to the DC sample (similar to 35%) can be attributed to higher film density, compressive (HiPIMS) as opposed to tensile (DC) stress and the lack of a columnar structure.
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| 8. |
- Brown, Rosemary, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Surface Composition of a Highly Active Pt3Y Alloy Catalyst for Application in Low Temperature Fuel Cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fuel Cells. - : Wiley. - 1615-6846 .- 1615-6854. ; 20:4, s. 413-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, platinum is the most widely used catalyst for low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). However, the kinetics at the cathode are slow, and the price of platinum is high. To improve oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode, platinum can be alloyed with rare earth elements, such as yttrium. We report that Pt3Y has the potential to be over 2 times more active for the ORR compared with Pt inside a real fuel cell. We present detailed photoemission analysis into the nature of the sputtered catalyst surface, using synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES) to examine if surface adsorbates or impurities are present and can be removed. Pretreatment removes most of the yttrium oxide in the surface leaving behind a Pt overlayer which is only a few monolayers thick. Evidence of a substochiometric oxide peak in the Y 3d core level is presented, this oxide extends into the surface even after Ar+ sputter cleaning in-situ. This information will aid the development of new highly active nanocatalysts for employment in real fuel cell electrodes.
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| 9. |
- Carbone, F., et al.
(författare)
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Statistical study of electron density turbulence and ion-cyclotron waves in the inner heliosphere : Solar Orbiter observations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The recently released spacecraft potential measured by the RPW instrument on board Solar Orbiter has been used to estimate the solar wind electron density in the inner heliosphere. Aims. The measurement of the solar wind's electron density, taken in June 2020, has been analysed to obtain a thorough characterization of the turbulence and intermittency properties of the fluctuations. Magnetic field data have been used to describe the presence of ion-scale waves. Methods. To study and quantify the properties of turbulence, we extracted selected intervals. We used empirical mode decomposition to obtain the generalized marginal Hilbert spectrum, equivalent to the structure functions analysis, which additionally reduced issues typical of non-stationary, short time series. The presence of waves was quantitatively determined by introducing a parameter describing the time-dependent, frequency-filtered wave power. Results. A well-defined inertial range with power-law scalng was found almost everywhere in the sample studied. However, the Kolmogorov scaling and the typical intermittency effects are only present in fraction of the samples. Other intervals have shallower spectra and more irregular intermittency, which are not described by models of turbulence. These are observed predominantly during intervals of enhanced ion frequency wave activity. Comparisons with compressible magnetic field intermittency (from the MAG instrument) and with an estimate of the solar wind velocity (using electric and magnetic field) are also provided to give general context and help determine the cause of these anomalous fluctuations.
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| 10. |
- Church, Tamara L., et al.
(författare)
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A microporous polymer based on nonconjugated hindered biphenyls that emits blue light
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microporous organic polymers that have three-dimensional connectivity stemming from monomers with tetrahedral or tetrahedron-like geometry can have high surface areas and strong fluorescence. There are however few examples of such polymers based on hindered biaryls, and their fluorescence has not been studied. Hypothesizing that the contortion in a hindered biphenyl moiety would modulate the optical properties of a polymer built from it, we synthesized a meta-enchained polyphenylene from a 2,2',6,6'-tetramethylbiphenyl-based monomer, in which the two phenyl rings are nearly mutually perpendicular. The polymer was microporous with S-BET = 495 m(2) g(-1). The polymer absorbed near-UV light and emitted blue fluorescence despite the meta-enchainment that would have been expected to break the conjugation. A related copolymer, synthesized from 2,2',6,6'-tetramethylbiphenyl-based and unsubstituted biphenyl-based monomers, was microporous but not fluorescent.
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| 11. |
- Church, Tamara L., et al.
(författare)
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A microporous polymer based on nonconjugated hindered biphenyls that emits blue light
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microporous organic polymers that have three-dimensional connectivity stemming from monomers with tetrahedral or tetrahedron-like geometry can have high surface areas and strong fluorescence. There are however few examples of such polymers based on hindered biaryls, and their fluorescence has not been studied. Hypothesizing that the contortion in a hindered biphenyl moiety would modulate the optical properties of a polymer built from it, we synthesized a meta-enchained polyphenylene from a 2,2ʹ,6,6ʹ-tetramethylbiphenyl-based monomer, in which the two phenyl rings are nearly mutually perpendicular. The polymer was microporous with SBET = 495 m2 g−1. The polymer absorbed near-UV light and emitted blue fluorescence despite the meta-enchainment that would have been expected to break the conjugation. A related copolymer, synthesized from 2,2ʹ,6,6ʹ-tetramethylbiphenyl-based and unsubstituted biphenyl-based monomers, was microporous but not fluorescent. © The Author(s) 2024.
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| 12. |
- Daly, Aoife, et al.
(författare)
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Neptunus and To Løver : An Archaeological, Archival, and Dendrochronological Survey of Two Danish Prize Ships, Scuttled in the Stockholm Archipelago in 1659
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Archaeologica. - 0065-101X .- 1600-0390. ; 94:1, s. 176-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the archaeological survey, dendrochronological analysis, and archival research concerning two shipwrecks located in shallow waters outside Vaxholm in the Stockholm Archipelago, Baltic Sea. According to oral tradition, the two wrecks are the remains of Neptunus and To Løver, two former Danish warships that were taken as prizes at the battle of Fehmarn in 1644. The Swedish navy then used the two ships until 1659, when they were reportedly scuttled as a blockage along the sea route towards Stockholm. Before being intentionally scuttled, the two ships drifted away and sank. The work presented in this article confirms the substance of the tradition and reports that substantial portions of the two ships are preserved. Moreover, the two wrecks shed light on the scuttling process and the construction of an underwater barrier.
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| 13. |
- Edberg, Niklas J. T., et al.
(författare)
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Radial distribution of plasma at comet 67P : Implications for cometary flyby missions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The Rosetta spacecraft followed comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) for more than two years at a slow walking pace (similar to 1 m s(-1)) within 1500 km from the nucleus. During one of the radial movements of the spacecraft in the early phase of the mission, the radial distribution of the plasma density could be estimated, and the ionospheric density was found to be inversely proportional to the cometocentric distance r from the nucleus (a 1/r distribution). Aims. This study aims to further characterise the radial distribution of plasma around 67P throughout the mission and to expand on the initial results. We also aim to investigate how a 1/r distribution would be observed during a flyby with a fast (similar to 10's km s(-1)) spacecraft, such as the upcoming Comet Interceptor mission, when there is also an asymmetry introduced to the outgassing over the comet surface. Methods. To determine the radial distribution of the plasma, we used data from the Langmuir probe and Mutual Impedance instruments from the Rosetta Plasma Consortium during six intervals throughout the mission, for which the motion of Rosetta was approximately radial with respect to the comet. We then simulated what distribution a fast flyby mission would actually observe during its passage through a coma when there is a 1/r plasma density distribution as well as a sinusoidal variation with a phase angle (and then a sawtooth variation) multiplied to the outgassing rate. Results. The plasma density around comet 67P is found to roughly follow a 1/r dependence, although significant deviations occur in some intervals. If we normalise all data to a common outgassing rate (or heliocentric distance) and combine the intervals to a radial range of 10-1500 km, we find a 1/r(1.19) average distribution. The simulated observed density from a fast spacecraft flying through a coma with a 1/r distribution and an asymmetric outgassing can, in fact, appear anywhere in the range from a 1/r distribution to a 1/r(2) distribution, or even slightly outside of this range. Conclusions. The plasma density is distributed in such a way that it approximately decreases in a manner that is inversely proportional to the cometocentric distance. This is to be expected from the photoionisation of a collision-less, expanding neutral gas at a constant ionisation rate and expansion speed. The deviation from a pure 1/r distribution is in many cases caused by asymmetric outgassing over the surface, additional ionisation sources being present, electric fields accelerating plasma, and changing upstream solar wind conditions. A fast flyby mission can observe a radial distribution that deviates significantly from a 1/r trend if the outgassing is not symmetric over the surface. The altitude profile that will be observed depends very much on the level of outgassing asymmetry, the flyby velocity, the comet rotation rate, and the rotation phase. It is therefore essential to include data from both the inbound and outbound legs, as well as to compare plasma density to neutral density to get a more complete understanding of the radial distribution of the plasma.
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| 14. |
- Edberg, Niklas J. T., et al.
(författare)
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Scale size of cometary bow shocks
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. In past decades, several spacecraft have visited comets to investigate their plasma environments. In the coming years, Comet Interceptor will make yet another attempt. This time, the target comet and its outgassing activity are unknown and may not be known before the spacecraft has been launched into its parking orbit, where it will await a possible interception. If the approximate outgassing rate can be estimated remotely when a target has been identified, it is desirable to also be able to estimate the scale size of the plasma environment, defined here as the region bound by the bow shock.Aims. This study aims to combine previous measurements and simulations of cometary bow shock locations to gain a better understanding of how the scale size of cometary plasma environments varies. We compare these data with models of the bow shock size, and we furthermore provide an outgassing rate-dependent shape model of the bow shock. We then use this to predict a range of times and cometocentric distances for the crossing of the bow shock by Comet Interceptor, together with expected plasma density measurements along the spacecraft track.Methods. We used data of the location of cometary bow shocks from previous spacecraft missions, together with simulation results from previously published studies. We compared these results with an existing model of the bow shock stand-off distance and expand on this to provide a shape model of cometary bow shocks. The model in particular includes the cometary outgassing rate, but also upstream solar wind conditions, ionisation rates, and the neutral flow velocity.Results. The agreement between the gas-dynamic model and the data and simulation results is good in terms of the stand-off distance of the bow shock as a function of the outgassing rate. For outgassing rates in the range of 1027–1031–s-1, the scale size of cometary bow shocks can vary by four orders of magnitude, from about 102 km to 106 km, for an ionisation rate, flow velocity, and upstream solar wind conditions typical of those at 1 AU. The proposed bow shock shape model shows that a comet plasma environment can range in scale size from the plasma environment of Mars to about half of that of Saturn.Conclusions. The model-data agreement allows for the planning of upcoming spacecraft comet encounters, such as that of Comet Interceptor, when a target has been identified and its outgassing rate is determined. We conclude that the time a spacecraft can spend within the plasma environment during a flyby can range from minutes to days, depending on the comet that is visited and on the flyby speed. However, to capture most of the comet plasma environment, including pick-up ions and upstream plasma waves, and to ensure the highest possible scientific return, measurements should still start well upstream of the expected bow shock location. From the plasma perspective, the selected target should preferably be an active comet with the lowest possible flyby velocity.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Eriksson Barman, Sandra, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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New characterization measures of pore shape and connectivity applied to coatings used for controlled drug release
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1520-6017 .- 0022-3549. ; 110:7, s. 2753-2764
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pore geometry characterization-methods are important tools for understanding how pore structure influences properties such as transport through a porous material. Bottlenecks can have a large influence on transport and related properties. However, existing methods only catch certain types of bottleneck effects caused by variations in pore size. We here introduce a new measure, geodesic channel strength, which captures a different type of bottleneck effect caused by many paths coinciding in the same pore. We further develop new variants of pore size measures and propose a new way of visualizing 3-D characterization results using layered images. The new measures together with existing measures were used to characterize and visualize properties of 3-D FIB-SEM images of three leached ethyl-cellulose/hydroxypropyl-cellulose films. All films were shown to be anisotropic, and the strongest anisotropy was found in the film with lowest porosity. This film had very tortuous paths and strong geodesic channel-bottlenecks, while the paths through the other two films were relatively straight with well-connected pore networks. The geodesic channel strength was shown to give important new visual and quantitative insights about connectivity, and the new pore size measures provided useful information about anisotropies and inhomogeneities in the pore structures. The methods have been implemented in the freely available software MIST.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Boundary and interface methods for energy stable finite difference discretizations of the dynamic beam equation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Physics. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9991 .- 1090-2716. ; 476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider energy stable summation by parts finite difference methods (SBP-FD) for the homogeneous and piecewise homogeneous dynamic beam equation (DBE). Previously the constant coefficient problem has been solved with SBP-FD together with penalty terms (SBP-SAT) to impose boundary conditions. In this work, we revisit this problem and compare SBP-SAT to the projection method (SBP-P). We also consider the DBE with discontinuous coefficients and present novel SBP-SAT, SBP-P, and hybrid SBP-SAT-P discretizations for imposing interface conditions. To demonstrate the methodology for two-dimensional problems, we also present a discretization of the piecewise homogeneous dynamic Kirchoff-Love plate equation based on the hybrid SBP-SAT-P method. Numerical experiments show that all methods considered are similar in terms of accuracy, but that SBP-P can be more computationally efficient (less restrictive time step requirement for explicit time integration methods) for both the constant and piecewise constant coefficient problems.
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Louise, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of structural, situational, and psychological factors for involving hunters in the adaptive flyway management of geese
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive flyway management of superabundant geese is emerging as a strategy to reduce damage to agricultural crops and other ecosystem disservices, while also ensuring sustainable use and conservation objectives. Given the calls for intensified hunting as part of flyway management in Europe, we need to increase the understanding of structural, situational, and psychological factors important for goose hunting among hunters. Our survey data, retrieved in southern Sweden, showed a higher potential to intensify hunting among goose hunters than other hunters. In response to hypothetical policy instruments (including regulations, collaborative, and others), hunters declared a minor increase in their intention to hunt geese, with the greatest expected increase among goose hunters should the hunting season be extended. Situational factors (e.g., access to hunting grounds) were associated with goose hunting (frequency, bag size, and intention to increase hunting). In addition, controlled motivation (derived from external pressures or to avoid guilt) and more importantly autonomous motivation (due to hunting being enjoyable or valuable) were along with goose hunter identity positively associated with goose hunting. Hunters’ involvement in flyway management may be encouraged by using policy instruments to remove situational barriers and facilitate their autonomous motivation.
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| 19. |
- Eriksson, Maertha, et al.
(författare)
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Structural plasticity of olfactory neuropils in relation to insect diapause
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 10:24, s. 14423-14434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many insects that live in temperate zones spend the cold season in a state of dormancy, referred to as diapause. As the insect must rely on resources that were gathered before entering diapause, keeping a low metabolic rate is of utmost importance. Organs that are metabolically expensive to maintain, such as the brain, can therefore become a liability to survival if they are too large. Insects that go through diapause as adults generally do so before entering the season of reproduction. This order of events introduces a conflict between maintaining low metabolism during dormancy and emerging afterward with highly developed sensory systems that improve fitness during the mating season. We investigated the timing of when investments into the olfactory system are made by measuring the volumes of primary and secondary olfactory neuropils in the brain as they fluctuate in size throughout the extended diapause life-period of adult Polygonia c-album butterflies. Relative volumes of both olfactory neuropils increase significantly during early adult development, indicating the importance of olfaction to this species, but still remain considerably smaller than those of nondiapausing conspecifics. However, despite butterflies being kept under the same conditions as before the dormancy, their olfactory neuropil volumes decreased significantly during the postdormancy period. The opposing directions of change in relative neuropil volumes before and after diapause dormancy indicate that the investment strategies governing structural plasticity during the two life stages could be functionally distinct. As butterflies were kept in stimulus-poor conditions, we find it likely that investments into these brain regions rely on experience-expectant processes before diapause and experience-dependent processes after diapause conditions are broken. As the shift in investment strategies coincides with a hard shift from premating season to mating season, we argue that these developmental characteristics could be adaptations that mitigate the trade-off between dormancy survival and reproductive fitness.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Baltic and east European shipbuildinginfluences in the Swedish Empire : tracing local and inter-regionalshipbuilding traditions from the armedvessel Bodekull, built 1659-1661 and sunk 1678
- 2021
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Ingår i: Open Sea, Closed Sea: Local and Inter-Regional Traditions in Shipbuilding. - Marseille : CNRS Editions. - 9782271129727 ; , s. 51-56
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in the Swedish military archives has revealed the identity of the ‘Edesö Wreck’ as the Bodekull belonging to the Swedish navy. The vessel was one of around 45 struss vessels ordered by King Karl X Gustav in 1659 to be used to transport troops and horses between the Danish isles. As a consequence of the king’s sudden death in January 1660 and the end of the war against Denmark, the semi-finished purpose-built invasion fleet was rebuilt into vessels for which the navy had better use. It is still possible, however, to trace the original design of the vessel through the preserved hull structure.
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| 23. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Between lion figureheads and lions of fashion
- 2020
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Ingår i: The imagery of the sea. - Stockholm : Bokförlaget Stolpe. - 9789198523799 ; , s. 223-231
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Figureheads and Symbolism Between the Medieval and the Modern : The ship Griffin or Gribshunden, one of the last Sea Serpents?
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Mariner's Mirror. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0025-3359 .- 2049-680X. ; 106:3, s. 262-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Griffin or, as it was sometimes called, Gribshunden (griffin hound) was a ship that belonged to the Danish–Norwegian King Hans. The ship sank in 1495 and was one of the largest and most modern warships of its day. In 2015 a peculiar figurehead carving was raised from the wreck. It is shaped like a beast swallowing a man screaming in agony. The question is, what this sculpture is meant to symbolize? This article aims to shed light on the enquiry through placing the sculpture in a wider chronological context. Against the background of a general overview, from the dragon heads of the late Iron Age to early modern figureheads, it is argued that the sculpture raised from the Griffin was carved in a period when figureheads did not relate to the ship’s name or owner, but that the monstrous head is an expression of the spirit or character of the vessel.
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| 29. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Gribshundens stävfigur
- 2021
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Ingår i: Saker. - Karlskrona : Blekinge museum. - 9789198346527 ; , s. 74-79
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Mellan galjonslejon och modelejon
- 2020
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Ingår i: Havets bildspråk. - Stockholm : Bokförlaget Stolpe. - 9789198523782 ; , s. 223-233
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 32. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Rapport över marinarkeologisk undersökning och provtagning av pålar i sjöarna vid fornlämning L1976:4483, Gotlands kommun, ”Lojsta slott”
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under 2022 har Stockholms universitet genomfört en marinarkeologisk forskningsundersökning i sjöarna runt fornlämningen Lojsta slott. Det har länge antagits att Lojsta slott är identiskt med ett fäste som i en skriftlig urkund benämns som Goltborch och som stormades av Tyska orden 1404. Det primära syftet med undersökningen var att ta träprover från pålar för att datera dessa genom dendrokronologisk analys. Den dendrokronologiska analysen styrker antagandet genom att samtliga prover som kan knytas till borgen kunde dateras till den tioårsperiod då fästet nämns i skriftliga källor. Därutöver visade undersökningen att Lojstasjöarna rymmer många andra lämningar utöver den sedan tidigare kända försvarsanläggningen och att undervattensmiljön har en stor arkeologisk potential.
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| 33. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Recent Advancements in the Riddarholmen Ship Puzzle : A New Interpretation of the Architecture of an Early 16th-century Clinker-Built Gun-Carrying Warship
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. - 1057-2414 .- 1095-9270. ; 52:2, s. 317-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 16th-century Riddarholmen Ship was discovered in the middle of Stockholm in 1930. Despite being exhibited since 1947, the efforts to reconstruct the ship have been limited. A substantial portion of the recovered parts has never been put on display. This paper aims to shed new light on the ship´s architecture using the original material from the excavation together with an inventory of the timbers in the collections of the Medieval Museum. From this, it is argued that the ship originally had a full deck, three masts, and a forecastle and that it resembles an early purpose-built, gun-carrying warship.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Stormaktsskärgård : Marin landskapshistoria utmed farlederna mot Stockholm
- 2022
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under 1600-talet utvecklades Sverige till en militär stormakt samtidigt som internationella kontakter och handelsutbyte vitaliserades. I stormaktens mitt, omgärdat av tusentals svårnavigerade öar, skär och lömska undervattensgrynnor låg Stockholm. Härifrån administrerades landets moderniserade och effektiviserade förvaltning av skatter och tullar för de skepp som utgjorde kontakterna med utlandet. Farlederna genom skärgården kantades av en brokig och ständigt föränderlig bebyggelse som till största delen bestod av skepp.Spåren efter segelfartygen försvann från havsytan så snart kölvattnet lagt sig, och Stockholms skärgård framstår idag i det närmaste som ett orört naturlandskap. I Stormaktsskärgård berättar arkeologen Niklas Eriksson hur staten omformade farlederna och skapade förutsättningar för handelssjöfarten att röra sig bland skären. Eriksson skildrar en landskaps historia i gränslandet mellan stormakten och det öppna havet, berättad utifrån reseskildringar, kartor, fornlämningar, bilder, skeppsvrak och annat källmaterial.Passar bra ihop
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| 37. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Sunken buildings of the Baltic Sea
- 2021
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Ingår i: Under the Surface. - Stockholm : Statens maritima och transporthistoriska museer. - 9789198599114 ; , s. 174-181
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 38. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Sveriges äldsta skeppsritning : en utredning och ett tolkningsförsök
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forum navale. - 0280-6215 .- 2002-0015. ; 76, s. 14-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden´s oldest Ship Drawing: an investigation and interpretationSweden’s oldest drawing of a ship is kept in the National Archives. It depictsa warship with two rows of gunports, hence the working name ‘Theanonymous two-decker’. Unfortunately, nothing is known regarding itsprovenance, when it was made, or who drew it. Most likely we will neverknow which ship is depicted. However, this does not imply that the drawingis totally vapid or incomprehensible. The aim of this article is to datethe drawing, but also to narrow down in which historical context the drawingmay have been created in. The article also sets out to discuss whichships may have been of a similar design. An underlying motif is to makethe drawing more accessible for further research.38 39Drawings from the seventeenth century and earlier are very rare.Through comparing the present drawing with the few other examples thatexist it is apparent that it has not been used for calculating lines and shapeof the ship’s hull, but rather to present the general layout and arrangementof decks, gunports and different rooms aboard.An analysis of the drawing reveal that it was drawn in 1:64 scale usinga ruler of about one foot’s length as the single tool. Contemporary mastershipwrights used dividers, curve rulers and similar to produce their drawings.Hence ‘The anonymous two-decker’ is more of a sketch than a properdrawing. With no doubt it was made by a person with substantial knowledgeabout ships and how to draw and calculate with scale, but it questionableif it was a master shipwright.The drawing has several notes and texts in English. The colour of thetext differs from the colour of the ink in the drawing, which indicates thatthe text is secondary. This means that the person who drew the image andthe one who wrote on it do not have to be the same. Previous researchershave suggested that the drawing was made in England or from an Englishoriginal, but in fact there were several English and Scottish master shipwrightsworking at Swedish shipyards in the late sixteenth and early seventeenthcentury. The text could have been made by one of them.The drawing reveals the ship´s main dimensions: Length of keel, width,depth of hold, as well as some other measurements. It is not possible toidentify a particular ship that corresponds to these dimensions, but it is apparentthat the ship is proportionally wide in relation to its length, whichis archaic. The number of gunports however corresponds to what we knowregarding the Swedish ship Scepter, this without saying that the drawingdepicts this very ship. Scepter was likely much larger than ‘The anonymoustwo-decker’.
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| 39. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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The architecture of the early modern sea routes into Stockholm
- 2021
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Ingår i: Facing the Sea. - Lund : Nordic Academic Press. - 9789189361034 ; , s. 15-40
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A sea route is more than a simple path between obstacles formed by Nature. Harbour installations, fortifications, customs offices, and umpteen other expressions of material culture formed the architecture of the sea routes – an architecture that underwent a significant remake in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This essay looks at how the Swedish state took control of the natural landscape along the sea routes into Stockholm and transformed them.
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| 40. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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The Bellevue Wreck : A Recent Survey of a Large Late Medieval Shipwreck in Dalarö Harbour, Sweden: A Possible Hulk?
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1057-2414 .- 1095-9270. ; 50:1, s. 116-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been known that a large, clinker-built shipwreck lies on the seabed near the Hotel Bellevue in Dalarö in the Stockholm archipelago since the 1960s. The wreck has been the subject of several small-scale archaeological investigations. This article reports the results of recent marine archaeological fieldwork that concluded that the Bellevue wreck is the remains of a late medieval ship equipped with a forecastle. Moreover, the analysis shows that it was a larger vessel for its day. The article argues that the wreck resembles what maybe referred to as a hulk.
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| 41. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The Maderö wreck : a ship loaded with bricks from Lübeck sunk in the Stockholm Archipelago in the late 15th century
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. - 1057-2414 .- 1095-9270.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Maderö wreck was discovered in the 1960s in the Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. An archaeological investigation undertaken in 2022 included the inspection and documentation of visible ship parts, sampling for dendrochronological analysis and sampling for ICP analysis from the brick cargo. The results show that the wood originates from the Baltic Sea area and was felled after 1467, while the clay for the brick originates from the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern area. The ship's technical analysis shows that it is a large clinker-built merchant ship. Traces of iron on a recovered stone shot indicate that the ship was armed when it sank.
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| 42. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Är Lojsta slott på Gotland fästet Gullborg som erövrades av Tyska orden 1404? : Marinarkeologiska svar på gammal frågeställning
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - Stockholm : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 118:3, s. 135-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than fifty years ago it was suggested that the stronghold of Lojsta slott in southern Gotland might be identical to a stronghold mentioned in a written source as Goltborch. The name has been translated as Gullborg and is probably one of the wooden castles erected by the troops of Queen Margaret of DenmarkNorway beginning in the winter of 1394/95. These were torn down in 1398, rebuilt in 1403, and finally conquered and destroyed by the Teutonic Order in 1404. As Lojsta slott has never been subject to archaeological excavation, the identification has remained an open question. This paper reports a recent underwater archaeological survey carried out in the waters around Lojsta slott, consisting of fieldwork that has included sampling for dendrochronological analysis. The dendrochronological results match the written sources very well and thus confirm the assumption that Lojsta slott is the stronghold of Gullborg mentioned in written sources. Moreover, the survey reveals that the underwater environment in the area has great archaeological potential.
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| 43. |
- Eriksson, Niklas, 1976-
(författare)
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Östersjöns sjunkna byggnader
- 2021
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Ingår i: Under havets yta. - Stockholm : Statens maritima och transporthistoriska museer. - 9789198471496 ; , s. 174-181
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 44. |
- Fager, Cecilia, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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3D high spatial resolution visualisation and quantification of interconnectivity in polymer films
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A porous network acts as transport paths for drugs through films for controlled drug release. The interconnectivity of the network strongly influences the transport properties. It is therefore important to quantify the interconnectivity and correlate it to transport properties for control and design of new films. This work presents a novel method for 3D visualisation and analysis of interconnectivity. High spatial resolution 3D data on porous polymer films for controlled drug release has been acquired using a focused ion beam (FIB) combined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data analysis method enables visualisation of pore paths starting at a chosen inlet pore, dividing them into groups by length, enabling a more detailed quantification and visualisation. The method also enables identification of central features of the porous network by quantification of channels where pore paths coincide. The method was applied to FIB-SEM data of three leached ethyl cellulose (EC)/hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) films with different weight percentages. The results from the analysis were consistent with the experimentally measured release properties of the films. The interconnectivity and porosity increase with increasing amount of HPC. The bottleneck effect was strong in the leached film with lowest porosity.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Graham, Daniel B., et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic electrostatic waves and their association with current structures in the solar wind
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. A variety of kinetic electrostatic and electromagnetic waves develop in the solar wind and the relationship between these waves and larger scale structures, such as current sheets and ongoing turbulence, remain a topic of investigation. Similarly, the instabilities producing ion-acoustic waves in the solar wind are still an open question. Aims. The goals of this paper are to investigate electrostatic Langmuir and ion-acoustic waves in the solar wind at 0.5 AU and determine whether current sheets and associated streaming instabilities can produce the observed waves. The relationship between these waves and currents observed in the solar wind is investigated statistically. Methods. Solar Orbiter's Radio and Plasma Waves instrument suite provides high-resolution snapshots of the fluctuating electric field. The Low Frequency Receiver resolves the waveforms of ion-acoustic waves and the Time Domain Sampler resolves the waveforms of both ion-acoustic and Langmuir waves. Using these waveform data, we determine when these waves are observed in relation to current structures in the solar wind, estimated from the background magnetic field. Results. Langmuir and ion-acoustic waves are frequently observed in the solar wind. Ion-acoustic waves are observed about 1% of the time at 0.5 AU. The waves are more likely to be observed in regions of enhanced currents. However, the waves typically do not occur at current structures themselves. The observed currents in the solar wind are too small to drive instability by the relative drift between single ion and electron populations. When multi-component ion or electron distributions are present, the observed currents may be sufficient for instabilities to occur. Ion beams are the most plausible source of ion-acoustic waves in the solar wind. The spacecraft potential is confirmed to be a reliable probe of the background electron density when comparing the peak frequencies of Langmuir waves with the plasma frequency calculated from the spacecraft potential.
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| 47. |
- Iqbal, Muhammad Naeem, 1985-
(författare)
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Mesoporous Silica Particles for a Potential Therapeutic Application
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) have a high surface area, pore volume, and tunable pore size and surface properties, which makes them ideal for advanced therapeutic, biocatalytic, separation, and drug delivery applications. The work in this thesis shows that MSPs can be employed for therapeutic applications with minimal risk of adverse consequences. The MSPs in the study are of the SBA-15 type.Obesity is a serious health problem caused by an excess of adipose tissue (body fat) as a result of inadequate energy expenditure. Both in developed and developing countries, the prevalence is increasing rapidly. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus is going to be one of the most destructive consequences of the global obesity pandemic. Obesity and diabetes are anticipated to affect 783 million people by 2045, with diabetes being the leading cause of death for an estimated 6.7 million people in 2021 (according to International Diabetes Federation, IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition, 2021). People who are overweight or have diabetes are more likely to trigger other physiological conditions such as the development of dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is defined by a combination of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including excessive plasma free fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides; low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL); and aberrant low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Public health expenditures and initiatives are under severe strain as a result of these situations. Researching therapies that are both safe and effective is in dire need.MSPs were produced at bench scale, and scaled to pilot (100L) and then at a relatively large demonstration scale (100-1000L) and tested in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and clinically. The results from these studies have shown that when administered orally, MSPs adsorb enzymes that break down carbohydrates and lipids (amylase and lipase), physically separating them from their large substrates. When administered orally, this consequently reduces the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats, leading to a lowering of the total energy intake in animals and humans. This occurs when the MSP has pore sizes which is typically in the range of 8–13 nm that are slightly larger than the food-digesting enzymes. The research carried out as part of this thesis showed that when the MSPs are in the micron size range, they operate locally in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and exit in the fecal mass without being absorbed by the body. The adsorbed enzymes aid in the safe transit of MSPs through the gastrointestinal system. Furthermore, the presence of these digestive enzymes within the pores was shown to have no effect on enzymatic function. It was also observed that when a large substrate (starch) was used to measure the activity of α-amylase adsorbed in the pores of MSPs, the activity appeared reduced. However, this was not related to an inactivation of α-amylase but to the fact that starch was molecularly too large to enter the pores of the MSPs.
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| 48. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Implications from secondary emission from neutral impact on Cassini plasma and dust measurements
- 2022
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 515:2, s. 2340-2350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the role of secondary electron and ion emission from impact of gas molecules on the Cassini Langmuir probe (RPWS-LP or LP) measurements in the ionosphere of Saturn. We add a model of the emission currents, based on laboratory measurements and data from comet 1P/Halley, to the equations used to derive plasma parameters from LP bias voltage sweeps. Reanalysing several hundred sweeps from the Cassini Grand Finale orbits, we find reasonable explanations for three open conundrums from previous LP studies of the Saturn ionosphere. We find an explanation for the observed positive charging of the Cassini spacecraft, the possibly overestimated ionospheric electron temperatures, and the excess ion current reported. For the sweeps analysed in detail, we do not find (indirect or direct) evidence of dust having a significant charge-carrying role in Saturn's ionosphere. We also produce an estimate of H2O number density from the last six revolutions of Cassini through Saturn's ionosphere in greater detail than reported by the Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer. Our analysis reveals an ionosphere that is highly structured in latitude across all six final revolutions, with mixing ratios varying with two orders of magnitude in latitude and one order of magnitude between revolutions and altitude. The result is generally consistent with an empirical photochemistry model balancing the production of H+ ions with the H+ loss through charge transfer with e.g. H2O, CH4, and CO2, for which water vapour appears as the likeliest dominant source of the signal in terms of yield and concentration.
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| 49. |
- Jones, Geraint H., et al.
(författare)
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The Comet Interceptor Mission
- 2024
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Nature. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 220:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we describe the novel, multi-point Comet Interceptor mission. It is dedicated to the exploration of a little-processed long-period comet, possibly entering the inner Solar System for the first time, or to encounter an interstellar object originating at another star. The objectives of the mission are to address the following questions: What are the surface composition, shape, morphology, and structure of the target object? What is the composition of the gas and dust in the coma, its connection to the nucleus, and the nature of its interaction with the solar wind? The mission was proposed to the European Space Agency in 2018, and formally adopted by the agency in June 2022, for launch in 2029 together with the Ariel mission. Comet Interceptor will take advantage of the opportunity presented by ESA’s F-Class call for fast, flexible, low-cost missions to which it was proposed. The call required a launch to a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 point. The mission can take advantage of this placement to wait for the discovery of a suitable comet reachable with its minimum Δ V capability of 600 ms − 1 . Comet Interceptor will be unique in encountering and studying, at a nominal closest approach distance of 1000 km, a comet that represents a near-pristine sample of material from the formation of the Solar System. It will also add a capability that no previous cometary mission has had, which is to deploy two sub-probes – B1, provided by the Japanese space agency, JAXA, and B2 – that will follow different trajectories through the coma. While the main probe passes at a nominal 1000 km distance, probes B1 and B2 will follow different chords through the coma at distances of 850 km and 400 km, respectively. The result will be unique, simultaneous, spatially resolved information of the 3-dimensional properties of the target comet and its interaction with the space environment. We present the mission’s science background leading to these objectives, as well as an overview of the scientific instruments, mission design, and schedule.
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| 50. |
- Jónsson, Gísli Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of Selected Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid During Complex Endovascular Aortic Repair : A Pilot Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0890-5096 .- 1615-5947. ; 78, s. 141-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Ischemic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious complication of complex aortic repair. Prophylactic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, used to decrease lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, enables monitoring of CSF biomarkers that may aid in detecting impending SCI. We hypothesized that biomarkers, previously evaluated in traumatic SCI and brain injury, would be altered in CSF over time following complex endovascular aortic repair (cEVAR). Objectives: To examine if a chosen cohort of CSF biomarker correlates to SCI and warrants further research. Methods: A prospective observational study on patients undergoing cEVAR with extensive aortic coverage. Vital parameters and CSF samples were collected on ten occasions during 72 hours post-surgery. A panel of ten biomarkers were analyzed (Neurofilament Light Polypeptide (NFL), Tau, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Soluble Amyloid Precursos Protein (APP) α and β, Amyloid β 38, 40 and 42 (Aβ38, 40 and 42), Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3LI or YKL-40), Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP).). Results: Nine patients (mean age 69, 7 males) were included. Median total aortic coverage was 68% [33, 98]. One patient died during the 30-day post-operative period. After an initial stable phase for the first few postoperative hours, most biomarkers showed an upward trend compared with baseline in all patients with >50% increase in value for NFL in 5/9 patients, in 7/9 patients for Tau and in 5/9 patients for GFAP. One patient developed spinal cord and supratentorial brain ischemia, confirmed with MRI. In this case, NF-L, GFAP and tau were markedly elevated compared with non-SCI patients (maximum increase compared with baseline in the SCI patient versus mean value of the maximal increase for all other patients: NF-L 367% vs 79%%, GFAP 95608% versus 3433%, tau 1020% vs 192%). Conclusion: This study suggests an increase in all ten studied CSF biomarkers after coverage of spinal arteries during endovascular aortic repair. However, the pilot study was not able to establish a specific correlation between spinal fluid biomarker elevation and clinical symptoms of SCI due to small sample size and event rate.
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