| 1. |
- Cha, Eunjung, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Cryogenic low-noise InP HEMTs: A source-drain distance study
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 Compound Semiconductor Week, CSW 2016. - 9781509019649 ; , s. Article number 7528576-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scaling effect of the source-drain distance was investigated in order to improve the performance of low-noise InP HEMTs at cryogenic temperatures 4-15 K. The highest dc transconductance at an operating temperature of 4.8 K and low bias power was achieved at a source-drain distance of 1.4 mu m. The extracted HEMT minimum noise temperature was 0.9 K at 5.8 GHz for a 3-stage 4-8 GHz hybrid low-noise amplifier at 10 K.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Bengt, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of logging residues at the clear-felled site after fuel adapted logging operations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Papers of the 23rd European Biomass Conference. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. - 9788889407516 ; , s. 270-272
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During extraction of logging residues previous studies in Sweden have shown that up to 50% of the available logging residues will not reach the energy-conversion site. The remaining potential of the logging residues are therefore lost by handling either at the clear-felled site, during transportation or due to decomposition. An outtake of 100% is not possible or desired, since the Swedish Forest Agency recommends that at least 20% of the logging residues should be left at the clear-felled site after a fuel adapted logging operation. In this study the losses at the clear-felled area is examined by studying the distribution of the remaining logging residues under and between the harvester heaps as well amount of logging residues that are left at the roadside landing after comminution. The results show that most of the reaming logging residues are well distributed at the clear-felled area between the harvester heaps. Additional logging residues are left at the clear-felled area since the forwarder cannot gather all logging residues from under the harvester heaps. In addition to this a not insignificant amount of logging residues are left at the roadside landing.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Amount of nutrients extracted and left behind at a clear-felled area using the fresh-stacked and dried-stacked methods of logging residue extraction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 33:5, s. 437-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nutrient removal has been one of the key issues since the harvesting of logging residues started in Sweden. This study examined the actual removal of nutrients by measuring the amounts of biomass removed (from a forest products perspective) combined with their respective nutrient concentrations (N, P, Ca, K and Mg), from a clear-felled area when using the dried-stacked and fresh-stacked methods. The most important finding is that the two methods were very similar regarding nutrients remaining at the clear-felled area. Of the nutrients remaining there, most were found to be well distributed between the harvester heaps. Both methods fulfilled the requirements of the Swedish Forest Agency. A sensitivity analysis showed that even if the dried-stacked method left more needles, or the fresh-stacked method extracted more logging residues, there would only be a small impact on the levels of nutrients removed. The sensitivity analysis also showed that the amount of logging residues remaining between the harvester heaps seems to be much more important for nutrients left behind, regardless of extraction method. With this in mind, it is highly probable that improvements to the extraction of logging residues, without increasing nutrient removal, can be made.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Nutrient removal after whole-tree harvesting with the traditional Swedish dried-stacked method for removal of logging residues
- 2015
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Ingår i: Papers of the 23rd European Biomass Conference. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. - 9788889407516 ; , s. 9-13
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy from logging residues is an important contributor to Swedish energy supplies. Logging residues where long defined and regarded as the unmerchantable aboveground biomass left behind in the clear-felled area, consisting of branches, tops and small trees that are gathered after the round wood harvest, but logging residues are nowadays regarded as a third assortment next to timber and pulpwood with high economic value. However long-term experiments on removal of logging residues from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.)Karst) stands have shown both growth reductions and growth increase in the next generation, because of decreasing amounts of nutrients. So an increased removal of logging residues requires some sort of compensation of nutrients. Therefore it is of importance to investigate how much nutrients that is removed from the stand after whole-tree harvesting.In this study the removal of the nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) have been investigated by laboratory analysis of the nutrients together with the actual removal of stemwood, bark and logging residues. The study has also investigated the distribution of nutrients at the clear-felled area.The results show that approximately half of the total nutrient removed in whole tree harvesting is done with the removal of stemwood and bark. The results also show that approximately 30% of the total amount of nutrients is left at the clear-felled area.
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| 5. |
- Schleeh, Joel, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Cryogenic LNAs for SKA band 2 to 5
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. - 0149-645X. - 9781509063604 ; , s. 164-167
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four ultra-low noise cryogenic MMIC LNAs suitable for the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) band 2 to 5 (0.95-13.8 GHz) have been designed, fabricated, packaged and tested. The LNAs are based on 4×50, 8×50 and 16×50 μm HEMTs, designed for stable cryogenic operation, allowing the combination of good noise performance and return loss. The lowest noise temperatures measured in the four bands were 1.0 K, 1.2 K, 1.6 K and 2.6 K, respectively.
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| 6. |
- Ahlroth Pind, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-reported signs of dampness at home may be a risk factor for chronic rhinosinusitis : A cross-sectional study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - Hoboken : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 47:11, s. 1383-1389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: An association between dampness at home and respiratory conditions has been convincingly demonstrated in children. Fewer studies have been performed in adults, and data are lacking for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). With a prevalence of 10.9% in Europe, CRS imposes a significant burden on quality of life, as well as economy.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study CRS and other respiratory conditions in relation to dampness at home in a representative sample of adults.METHODS: The Swedish GA2 LEN questionnaire was answered by 26 577 adults (16-75 years) and included questions on respiratory symptoms, smoking, education and environmental exposure. CRS was defined according to the EP3 OS criteria. Dampness was defined as reporting water damage, floor dampness or visible moulds in the home during the last 12 months. The dampness score was ranked from 0 to 3, counting the number of signs of dampness reported.RESULTS: Dampness at home was reported by 11.3% and was independently related to respiratory conditions after adjustment for demographic and socio-economic factors and smoking: CRS odds ratio (OR) 1.71; allergic rhinitis OR 1.24; current asthma OR 1.21; wheeze OR 1.37; nocturnal dyspnoea OR 1.80; nocturnal coughing OR 1.34; and chronic bronchitis OR 1.64. The risk of CRS and most of the other respiratory conditions was further elevated in subjects reporting multiple signs of dampness.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study demonstrated an independent association between dampness at home and CRS in adults. The high burden of this and the other respiratory conditions studied is a strong argument in favour of countering indoor dampness by improving building standards.
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| 7. |
- Eliasson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Hyggeslagring av grot
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Lars, Eliasson, et al.
(författare)
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Skotning av grot direkt efteravverkning eller efter hyggeslagring : Effekter på näringsuttag, barravfall och fukthalt
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 1980-talet har rekommendationen varit att grot ska hyggeslagras under en sommar för att torka och ”barra av”. Torkningen ökar det effektiva värmevärdet och därigenom det ekonomiska värdet för den levererade mängden grot samt minskar uttaget av näringsämnen, vilket kan påverka skogsproduktionen. Hyggeslagring innebär samtidigt att grotskotningen måste utföras av en annan maskin än den som skotade rundvirket, vilket medför en extra maskinflytt som i sin tur ökar kostnaden för grotuttaget. Att grotskotningen koncentreras till barmarksperioden innebär att markberedning inte kan utföras under sommaren efter avverkningen, eftersom grothögarna finns kvar på hygget. Intresset för att skota groten direkt efter avverkning och torka den i en välta vid väg har ökat, då det ses som ett sätt att undvika dessa nackdelar.En genomgång av befintlig litteratur har genomförts för att ge en översikt av effekterna av dessa två uttagsstrategier för grot:- Skotning av grot till välta vid väg direkt efter avverkning.- Hyggeslagring av grot under en sommar innan grotskotning till välta vid väg. Litteraturstudien visar att:- Oavsett uttagsstrategi så blir mer än 20 procent av groten kvar på hygget.- Hyggeslagring av groten är ingen garant för att barren faller av och näring utlakas.- Hyggeslagrad grot är inte torrare än vältlagrad vid leverans.- De eventuella effekter som valet av uttagstrategi har på den framtida tillväxten bör vara mindre än det man kan se i försöken med helträdsuttag.- Skotning av färsk grot frigör hygget för markberedning och återplantering redan första sommaren efter avverkning, d.v.s. minst ett år tidigare än om groten skall hyggeslagras.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Bengt, 1982-
(författare)
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Extraction of logging residues for bioenergy : effects of operational methods on fuel quality and biomass losses in the forest
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wood products play a key role in the transformation to a more sustainable society based on renewable bio-based resources, together with the positive effects on climate mitigation by replacing fossil fuels. However, to increase the use of forest fuel in practice it is important to understand the effects of handling and storage on its quality and removal of nutrients from the forest. This thesis addresses these effects with special focus on a comparative evaluation of the traditional dried-stacked with “new” and to some extent more controversial fresh-stacked methods for extraction of logging residues from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst).The results indicate that a normal extraction of logging residues will leave at least 20% of logging residues at the clear-felled area, in accordance with Swedish Forest Agency recommendations. However, the results also indicate that the ambition of the dried-stacked method to leave the majority of the needles well spread over the clear-felled area does not meet these recommendations. In fact, the harvesting operation is more important than the extraction method, with respect to how much logging residues (nutrients) being left in the forest. The results also show that the quality of fuel yielded by the two handling methods differs only to minor extent, indicating that other factors have stronger effects, where “dried-stacked” and “fresh-stacked” logging residues from different clear-felling areas is often similar. Generally, logging residues stored over summer (regardless method), seem to provide sufficiently dry forest fuel, with a needle content of about 5–10%. There is a clear correlation between drying and effective loss of needles from twigs, but the loss does not necessarily mean that the needles will remain in the forest. However, needle color (green or brown) is not a strong indicator for a reduction in needle content.Acceptance of the fresh-stacked method would provide opportunities for the development of new technologies, more efficient use of machinery throughout the whole year, reduced costs, shorter lead times and increased amounts of logging residues extracted from each clear-felled area. This is mainly because it would enable extraction at optimal times from a logistical, financial and/or forestry perspectives.Written in English with summary and conclusion in Swedish.
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| 10. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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A pathology atlas of the human cancer transcriptome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 357:6352, s. 660-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and there is great interest in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of individual tumors. We used systems-level approaches to analyze the genome-wide transcriptome of the protein-coding genes of 17 major cancer types with respect to clinical outcome. A general pattern emerged: Shorter patient survival was associated with up-regulation of genes involved in cell growth and with down-regulation of genes involved in cellular differentiation. Using genome-scale metabolic models, we show that cancer patients have widespread metabolic heterogeneity, highlighting the need for precise and personalized medicine for cancer treatment. All data are presented in an interactive open-access database (www.proteinatlas.org/pathology) to allow genome-wide exploration of the impact of individual proteins on clinical outcomes.
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