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- Andersson, Maria Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Clearance and Frequent Reinfection With Enteric Pathogens Among Children With Acute Diarrhea in Zanzibar.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 65:8, s. 1371-1377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acute infectious gastroenteritis is an important cause of illness and death among children in low-income countries. In addition to rotavirus vaccination, actions to improve nutrition status, sanitation, and water quality are important to reduce enteric infections, which are frequent also among asymptomatic children. The aim of this study was to investigate if the high prevalence of these infections reflects that they often are not cleared properly by the immune response or rather is due to frequent pathogen exposure.Methods: Rectal swabs were collected at time of acute diarrhea and 14 days later from 127 children, aged 2-59 months and living in rural Zanzibar, and were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting multiple pathogens.Results: At baseline, detection rates >20% were found for each of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, norovirus GII, and adenovirus. At follow-up, a large proportion of the infections had become cleared (34-100%), or the pathogen load reduced, and this was observed also for agents that were presumably unrelated to diarrhea. Still, the detection frequencies at follow-up were for most agents as high as at baseline, because new infections had been acquired. Neither clearance nor reinfection was associated with moderate malnutrition, which was present in 21% of the children.Conclusions: Children residing in poor socioeconomic conditions, as in Zanzibar, are heavily exposed to enteric pathogens, but capable of rapidly clearing causative and coinfecting pathogens.
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- Magnusson, Petra, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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"Nu sätter vi ord på det, ryggraden har flyttat till huvudet" : kollegialt lärande och ett språkutvecklande förhållningssätt som beprövad erfarenhet i fritidshemsverksamheten
- 2016
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Ingår i: Skolportens nättidskrift Undervisning & Lärande. ; :13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikeln beskriver ett utvecklingsarbete bedrivet i fritidshemsverksamhet. Syftet var att genom kollegialt lärande utveckla ett språkutvecklande förhållningssätt i verksamheten. Arbetet genomfördes under tre terminer och dokumentationen utgörs av anteckningar från observationer och samtalsträffar samt ljudinspelning från ett återkopplande samtal inspirerat av ”stimulated recall”. Resultatet bekräftar tidigare forsknings beskrivningar av fritidsverksamhet som en verksamhet som under senare år påverkats av organisatoriska förändringar och som en miljö för informellt lärande och processinriktad didaktik. Resultatet visar också på möjligheter att utveckla fritidshemsverksamhetens särskilda karaktär genom kollegialt lärande och strävan efter vetenskaplig grund. Utvecklingsarbetet bidrog till att stärka fritidslärarnas yrkesroll och öka deras medvetenhet om språkets betydelse för lärande.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Gill, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodevelopmental problems should be considered in children with febrile seizures
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:8, s. 1507-1514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Clinical developmental phenotyping of four- to five-year-old children with febrile seizures (FSs).Methods: Children with FS (n = 157, corresponding to 3.7% of the targeted general population of four-five-year-olds) had been identified at child healthcare centres in Gothenburg. Parents of 73 children (41 boys, 32 girls) accepted participation in the present study. The assessments included a neuropaediatric assessment, Movement ABC, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III and parent questionnaires (Five-to-Fifteen (FTF) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)). Hospital records were reviewed, when applicable.Results: One-third of the children had at least one DSM-5 neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosis or marked developmental problems within areas of attention, activity regulation, behaviour, speech and language, general cognition or motor functioning. No differences were found between children with single vs recurrent or simple vs complex FS.Conclusion: Febrile seizure are relatively often associated with Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCEs). We found no indications that ESSENCE might be caused by FS per se. However, the results suggest that child healthcare professionals should consider the possibility of ESSENCE in children with a history of FS.
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- Olsson, Karin H., 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Dark eyes in female sand gobies indicate readiness to spawn
- 2017
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In animals, colorful and conspicuous ornaments enhance individual attractiveness to potential mates, but are typically tempered by natural selection for crypsis and predator protection. In species where males compete for females, this can lead to highly ornamented males competing for mating opportunities with choosy females, and vice versa. However, even where males compete for mating opportunities, females may exhibit conspicuous displays. These female displays are often poorly understood and it may be unclear whether they declare mating intent, signal intrasexual aggression or form a target for male mate preference. We examined the function of the conspicuous dark eyes that female sand gobies temporarily display during courtship by experimentally testing if males preferred to associate with females with artificially darkened eyes and if dark eyes are displayed during female aggression. By observing interactions between a male and two females freely associating in an aquarium we also investigated in which context females naturally displayed dark eyes. We found that dark eyes were more likely to be displayed by more gravid females than less gravid females and possibly ahead of spawning, but that males did not respond behaviorally to dark eyes or prefer dark-eyed females. Females behaving aggressively did not display dark eyes. We suggest that dark eyes are not a signal per se but may be an aspect of female mate choice, possibly related to vision.
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