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- Krebs, C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Terrestrial trophic dynamics in the Canadian Arctic
- 2003
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie. ; 81, s. 827-843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Tundra Northwest Expedition of 1999 visited 17 sites throughout the Canadian Arctic. At 12 sites that were intensively sampled we estimated the standing crop of plants and the densities of herbivores and predators with an array of trapping, visual surveys, and faecal-pellet transects. We developed a trophic-balance model using ECOPATH to integrate these observations and determine the fate of primary and secondary production in these tundra ecosystems, which spanned an 8-fold range of standing crop of plants. We estimated that about 13% of net primary production was consumed by herbivores, while over 70% of small-herbivore production was estimated to flow to predators. Only 9% of large-herbivore production was consumed by predators. Organization of Canadian Arctic ecosystems appears to be more top-down than bottom-up. Net primary production does not seem to be herbivore-limited at any site. This is the first attempt to integrate trophic dynamics over the entire Canadian Arctic.
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- Nordin, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Randomized trial of Lichtenstein versus Shouldice hernia repair in general surgical practice
- 2002
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 89:1, s. 45-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The aim of the present randomized trial was to compare the Shouldice procedure and the Lichtenstein hernia repair with respect to recurrence rate, technical difficulty, convalescence and chronic pain. A further aim was to determine to what extent general surgeons in routine surgical practice were able to reproduce the excellent results reported from specialist hernia centres.Methods:Three hundred patients with primary inguinal hernia were randomized to either a Shouldice repair or to a tension-free Lichtenstein repair. In a pretrial training programme the five participating general surgeons were taught to perform the two techniques in a standard manner. Follow-up was performed after 8 weeks, 1 year and 3 years. The last examination was performed by an independent blinded assessor.Results:There was a significant difference in operating time in favour of the Lichtenstein technique. After a follow-up of 36–77 months seven recurrences were found in the Shouldice group (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1·3 to 8·1) and one in the mesh group (95 per cent c.i. 0·0 to 2·0). Chronic groin pain was reported by 4·2 and 5·6 per cent in the Shouldice and Lichtenstein groups respectively. It was characterized as mild or moderate in all except two patients who had the Shouldice operation.Conclusion: Lichtenstein hernia repair was easier to learn, took less time and resulted in fewer recurrences. It was possible to achieve excellent results with this technique in a general surgical unit. © 2002 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd
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- Zhang, Wennan, et al.
(författare)
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Process simulation of circulating fluidized beds with combustion/gasification of biomass.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Twelfth European Biomass Conference - Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection. - Florence : ETA. - 889004425X ; , s. 1503-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper briefly presents the work carried out for the 4th framework Joule project under the contract JOR3CT980306. The project is to build up an integrated mathematical model to predict reactor performance of biomass circulating fluidized bed boiler/gasifier when reactor design, operating conditions and fuel properties are defined. For CFB boilers, the sub-models of combustion, heat transfer, ash deposition on a heat transfer surface and NOx/N2O emission have been developed, and evaluated against the 12 MW Chalmers CFB boiler. For CFB gasifiers, the sub-models of gasification, heat transfer, NH3/HCN emission, alkali ash and tar emissions from the gasifiers are developed. The results have been checked on Sanya 6MW industrial biomass CFB gasifier.
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| 6. |
- Blander, M, et al.
(författare)
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Equilibrium Chemistry of Biomass Combustion: A Round-Robin Set of Calculations Using Available Computer Programs and Databases
- 2001
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Ingår i: Energy Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 15:2, s. 344-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Equilibrium calculations of three problems regarding biomass combustion, at various levels of sophistication, were performed at six laboratories using seven combinations of computer programs and databases. The objective was to test the adequacy of the programs and databases for calculating both condensed and gas-phase behavior. The first problem was a simplified calculation for the combustion of a woodlike material with added sulfur to possibly form an ideal molten salt solution of potassium and calcium sulfate. The second and third problems were to simulate aspen wood and wheat straw combustion, respectively, and required a relatively sophisticated database on high-temperature solutions to describe condensed phases. All the participants performed calculations of the gas phases, which were reasonably accurate when their databases were adequate. For problem I, most of the participants were also able to calculate a reasonable set of condensed phases. However, for problems II and III, only four of the participants, using the two most sophisticated computer programs and databases, had the ability to produce rational results for the condensed phases. This round robin identified two computer programs and their associated databases that could prove useful for calculating the condensed-phase equilibrium chemistry of biomass combustion when coupled with experimental programs and the capability to expand databases as new experimental data become available. Such calculations can greatly enhance our understanding of the total equilibrium chemistry of biomass combustion.
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| 11. |
- Nordin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting anxiety and depression among cancer patients : a clinical model.
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 37:3, s. 376-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of predicting anxiety and depression 6 months after the cancer diagnosis on the basis of measures of anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression, HAD scale), subjective distress (Impact of Event, IES scale) and some aspects of social support in connection with the diagnosis. A further purpose was to attempt identification of individual patients at risk of prolonged psychological distress, and to develop an easily applicable clinical tool for such detection. A consecutive population-based series of 522 newly diagnosed patients with breast, colorectal, gastric and prostate cancer were interviewed in connection with the diagnosis and 6 months later. Anxiety and depression close to the diagnosis explained 39% of the variance in anxiety and depression 6 months later. Patients scoring as doubtful cases/cases for HAD anxiety and/or depression were more than 11 times more likely than non-cases to score as doubtful cases/cases at 6 months. Addition:ll risk factors were having an advanced disease and nobody in addition to the family to rely on in case of difficulties. Levels of anxiety and depression at diagnosis predict a similar status 6 months later. The results also indicate that the HAD scale in combination with a single question about social support may be a suitable screening tool for clinical use.
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