| 1. |
- Bratthäll, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of divalent cations on the extraction of organic acids in coffee determined by GC-MS and NMR
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The perceived flavor of coffee varies depending on the composition of the brewing water, and the influencing mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate the effect of dissolved divalent cations on the extraction of organic acids in coffee, magnesium and calcium chloride salts were added pre- and post-brew. Citric, malic, lactic and quinic acid were analyzed using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. At concentrations typically found in drinking water, the salts resulted in limited variation of the acid content, while ten-fold higher salt concentrations produced more pronounced variations. Comparisons between pre- and post-brew additions showed similar acid content in most cases, suggesting that extraction of acids proceeds independent of the water composition. Interactions taking place post-brew may, however, influence the perceived flavor. A scientific basis for water quality recommendations in the coffee industry is long overdue and this work provides experimental and analytical contributions to continued research.
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| 2. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility and reliability of measures of bioactive lipids in human plasma and nasal mucosa
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography. B. - : Elsevier. - 1570-0232 .- 1873-376X. ; 1206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of bioactive lipids is increasingly useful in clinical studies, and there is a need for non-invasive and easy-to-use sampling methods that meet the demands of reliability. Samples that can be taken by a non-professional and that can be taken repeatedly so as to provide more detailed information about the inflammatory process are often desired. In this study, the feasibility of non-invasive sampling of nasal mucosa and saliva for the analysis of bioactive lipid mediators (e.g. oxylipins and endocannabinoids) was evaluated in a pilot study (n = 10). In a second study, the reliability (relative and absolute) of sampling of these lipid mediators derived from nasal mucosa and from plasma was assessed by calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman’s limit of agreement. Samples were taken at the same time of day on two occasions from a cohort of individuals with and without building-related intolerance (n = 37). Nasal mucosa proved to be a suitable matrix for the analysis of bioactive lipids and was therefore included in the study on reliability together with the plasma samples. Relative reliability varied among the identified oxylipins and endocannabinoids. Arachidonic acid derivatives showed generally better reliability. Absolute reliability measures also varied indicating that only a subset of the oxylipins and endocannabinoids were suitable as biomarkers in either nasal mucosa or plasma and should therefore be used with caution for that purpose.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid oxylipin levels in experimental porcine lung injury
- 2022
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Ingår i: Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators. - : Elsevier. - 1098-8823 .- 2212-196X. ; 160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammatory signaling pathways involving eicosanoids and other regulatory lipid mediators are a subject of intensive study, and a role for these in acute lung injury is not yet well understood. We hypothesized that oxylipin release from lung injury could be detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in plasma. In a porcine model of surfactant depletion, ventilation with hyperinflation was assessed. Bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma samples were analyzed for 37 different fatty acid metabolites (oxylipins). Over time, hyperinflation altered concentrations of 4 oxylipins in plasma (TXB2, PGE2, 15-HETE and 11-HETE), and 9 oxylipins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (PGF2α, PGE2, PGD2, 12,13-DiHOME, 11,12-DiHETrE, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, 15-HETE, 11-HETE). Acute lung injury caused by high tidal volume ventilation in this porcine model was associated with rapid changes in some elements of the oxylipin profile, detectable in lavage fluid, and plasma. These oxylipins may be relevant in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury by hyperinflation.
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| 5. |
- Lindberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 12:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been studied in relation to pregnancy. However, there is limited knowledge on PUFAs and their metabolites in relation to hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a pregnancy complication associated with nutritional deficiencies and excessive vomiting. In order to survey the field, a systematic review of the literature was performed, which also included nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) due to its close relationship with HG. In the very few published studies found, the main subjects of the research concerned free fatty acids (four records), lipid profiles (three records), and bioactive lipids (one article about prostaglandin E2 and one about endocannabinoids). The authors of these studies concluded that, although no cause-and-effect relationship can be established, HG is linked to increased sympathetic responsiveness, thermogenic activity and metabolic rate. In addition, NVP is linked to a metabolic perturbance (which lasts throughout pregnancy). The low number of retrieved records underlines the need for more research in the area of PUFAs and HG, especially with regard to the underlying mechanism for the detected effects, potentially involving growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) since evidence for GDF15 regulation of lipid metabolism and the role for GDF15 and its receptor in nausea and vomiting is emerging.
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| 6. |
- Lindgren, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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“Navigating in a maze without a map“. Partners’ experiences of hyperemesis gravidarum- a qualitative study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: A supportive environment for women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum is crucial but not always provided. There is a lack of research regarding Hyperemesis Gravidarum, its impact on the family, and the partner's perception of supporting their spouse. Thus, this study aims to explore partners’ experiences of Hyperemesis Gravidarum during their spousés pregnancy.Methods: Data were gathered through 13 individual, semi-structured, in-depth, digital interviews with partners of women who had experienced Hyperemesis Gravidarum and analysed with Qualitative Content Analysis. The partners were recruited through advertisement on a social media platform and were exclusively males, representing 8 of 21 Swedish regions. The mean age was 34, and they had, on average, 1 previous child. The mean time from the experience to the interview was 12 months.Findings: The main theme, “Navigating in a maze without a map”, explains partners’ situation as stressful and demanding when their spouse suffers from Hyperemesis Gravidarum, with insufficient support and guidance from healthcare providers. The analysis resulted in three themes: “Standing alone with a demanding responsibility”, “Being in a lottery when facing healthcare”, and “Climbing the mountain together.” The themes display challenges within everyday life and healthcare, as well as strained relations within the family.Conclusion: Partners experience a need to support their spouse in every aspect of daily life and advocate for adequate healthcare. Healthcare professionals must support and acknowledge the partners' struggles during the demanding situation with Hyperemesis Gravidarum.
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| 7. |
- Ramström, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Oxylipin profiling by LC-ESI-MS/MS in canine serum and plasma to investigate ovulation-specific changes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators. - : Elsevier. - 1098-8823 .- 2212-196X. ; 170
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- New biomarkers that are directly associated with canine ovulation would be of value to ensure mating on optimal days of heat. In this study, canine plasma and serum were analyzed with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) to quantify a broad range of oxylipins for the purpose of developing a method for biomarker discovery studies in canine reproduction. A majority of the 67 oxylipins probed for were detected at comparable levels in both sample types, but more oxylipins at higher concentrations were detected in serum than in plasma. Nine of the oxylipins were detected in a pilot study of serum at levels that significantly differed (p ≤ 0.1) between time-points before (n = 10), during (n = 10) and after (n = 10) ovulation, and might serve as putative biomarkers for canine ovulation. One oxylipin (20-HETE) was significantly altered after adjusting for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, the results showed that the LC-ESI-MS/MS method was suitable for quantification of canine oxylipins, revealing important similarities and differences between plasma and serum profiles as well as preliminary ovulation-specific changes in a subset of the investigated oxylipins.
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| 8. |
- Späth, Jana, 1988-
(författare)
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Damsel in distress – metabolomics as a novel tool to investigate the effects of wastewater exposure on damselfly larvae
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aquatic organisms, such as aquatic invertebrates, are exposed to anthropogenic pollutants through their environment. These pollutants, despite their low levels, can adversely affect exposed individuals or even entire ecosystems, especially when present in complex mixtures. The aim of this thesis was to assess the effects of a specific group of complex mixtures of pollutants, wastewater effluent, on damselfly larvae, a common, ecologically relevant invertebrate species. Metabolomics, i.e., the comprehensive analysis of an organism’s metabolites, was explored as a tool to show the sub-lethal effects of wastewater effluent exposure. A set of multi-platform mass spectrometry-based metabolomics methods was developed. These methods were used to measure and identify which damselfly metabolites are responsive to wastewater exposure and thus could potentially be used as early warning tools for anthropogenic pollution. In addition, key behavioural traits of damselfly larvae were assessed after wastewater exposure to investigate whether a change of metabolites would also be reflected at a higher level of biological organisation.The effects of wastewater effluents treated with different treatment methods on the fatty acid metabolites (oxylipins) of exposed damselfly larvae were assessed (paper I). Oxylipins were affected by wastewater exposure and these effects depended on the degree of wastewater treatment. Using a similar set-up, the effect-based removal of a conventional wastewater treatment plant and an additional ozonation step was evaluated on-site at a wastewater treatment facility (paper II). Oxylipins were affected by the exposure in this study, however fewer effects were observed when compared to the previous paper. In a separate series of experiments, damselflies were lab-reared to different developmental stages and a subset of the larvae were exposed to wastewater effluent. In these larvae, oxylipins (paper III) as well as other metabolites (paper IV) were measured to establish metabolite baseline levels and developmental variations as well as variation in their responses to the exposure. Metabolite variations as well as the metabolites affected by the exposure depended greatly on the life stage of the damselflies. In another study, damselfly larvae were exposed to dilutions of conventionally treated effluent and behavioural alterations and metabolite profiles were investigated in the larvae (paper V). Individual metabolites as well as behavioural traits important for damselfly survival and reproduction were altered by exposure to undiluted effluent; however, few effects were observed in the diluted effluents.In conclusion, both metabolomic endpoints and behavioural traits measured on the damselfly larvae were responsive to wastewater effluent exposure. The metabolites affected by exposure mainly play a role in fatty acid metabolism, including oxylipins, and in amino acid metabolism. The individual metabolites that were affected differed across the studies. These observed variations might be due to differences in exposure conditions or differences in larval stages across the studies. The studies presented in this thesis pave the way for metabolomics to be used as a novel tool to monitor sub-lethal effects of anthropogenic pollution in the environment. However, more research is needed on, for example, the ecological implications of the affected metabolites for both the individual and the population before it can be implemented in environmental risk assessments.
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| 9. |
- Späth, Jana, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics reveals changes in metabolite profiles due to growth and metamorphosis during the ontogeny of the northern damselfly
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of insect physiology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-1910 .- 1879-1611. ; 136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many insects have complex life cycles where a drastic ontogenetic change happens between the larval stages and the adult stage, i.e. metamorphosis. Damselflies (order Odonata, suborder Zygoptera) are widely distributed and ecologically important semi-aquatic insects with a complex life cycle. Phenotypic changes over damselfly ontogeny have been documented, however, if and how metabolite profiles are also changing is currently unknown. Here we used a metabolomics methodology to gain insights into the metabolic changes during the life cycle of the Northern damselfly (Coenagrion hastulatum). Hatchlings of wild-caught damselflies were reared in the laboratory and metabolomics analyses using liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were carried out at three larval stages and on adult damselflies. Additionally, a subset of larvae was exposed to wastewater effluent to assess how metabolite profiles responded to an environmental stressor. A total of 212 compounds belonging to several classes (e.g. amino acids, fatty acids, sugars) were annotated. Across metamorphosis, we found that damselflies shifted from protein catabolism to lipid catabolism. Wastewater effluent exposure resulted in ontogenetic stage-dependent changes of individual metabolites, but not to a marked extent. Overall, our study is one of the first to describe changes of metabolite profiles during ontogeny of an insect, and it provides a first step towards a greater understanding of the physiological changes occurring during general insect—but especially damselfly—ontogeny.
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| 10. |
- Späth, Jana, et al.
(författare)
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Oxylipins at intermediate larval stages of damselfly Coenagrion hastulatum as biochemical biomarkers for anthropogenic pollution
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 28:22, s. 27629-27638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aquatic pollution resulting from anthropogenic activities requires adequate environmental monitoring strategies in sentinel organisms. Thus, biochemical biomarkers have been used as early-warning tools of biological effects in aquatic organisms. However, before using these markers for environmental monitoring, knowledge about their developmental variation is vital. In this study, we assessed baseline levels and developmental variations of a group of potential biomarkers, oxylipins, during the lifespan of the Northern damselfly (Coenagrion hastulatum) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Effects of wastewater exposure on baseline levels were studied in a subset of damselflies to investigate the responsiveness due to anthropogenic pollution. Thirty-eight oxylipins deriving from four polyunsaturated fatty acids via two enzymatic pathways were detected in damselflies at three larval stages and in the adult form. Overall, oxylipin baseline levels showed developmental variation, which was lowest in the intermediate larval stages. Effects of exposure to wastewater effluent on oxylipin baseline levels were dependent on the life stage and were greatest in the early and intermediate larval stages. The study provides first insights into oxylipin profiles of damselflies at different stages of development and their developmental variation. Based on our results, we propose further strategies for incorporating oxylipins in damselfly larvae as biochemical markers for anthropogenic pollution. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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| 11. |
- Späth, Jana, et al.
(författare)
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Wastewater effluent affects behaviour and metabolomic endpoints in damselfly larvae
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wastewater treatment plant effluents have been identified as a major contributor to increasing anthropogenic pollution in aquatic environments worldwide. Yet, little is known about the potentially adverse effects of wastewater treatment plant effluent on aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we assessed effects of wastewater effluent on the behaviour and metabolic profiles of damselfly larvae (Coenagrion hastulatum), a common aquatic invertebrate species. Four key behavioural traits: activity, boldness, escape response, and foraging (traits all linked tightly to individual fitness) were studied in larvae before and after one week of exposure to a range of effluent dilutions (0, 50, 75, 100%). Effluent exposure reduced activity and foraging, but generated faster escape response. Metabolomic analyses via targeted and non-targeted mass spectrometry methods revealed that exposure caused significant changes to 14 individual compounds (4 amino acids, 3 carnitines, 3 lysolipids, 1 peptide, 2 sugar acids, 1 sugar). Taken together, these compound changes indicate an increase in protein metabolism and oxidative stress. Our findings illustrate that wastewater effluent can affect both behavioural and physiological traits of aquatic invertebrates, and as such might pose an even greater threat to aquatic ecosystems than previously assumed. More long-term studies are now needed evaluate if these changes are linked to adverse effects on fitness. The combination of behavioural and metabolomic assessments provide a promising tool for detecting effects of wastewater effluent, on multiple biological levels of organisation, in aquatic ecosystems.
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| 12. |
- Svenvik, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma oxylipin levels associated with preterm birth in preterm labor✰
- 2021
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Ingår i: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. - : Elsevier. - 0952-3278 .- 1532-2823. ; 166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Preterm labor is a common clinical problem in obstetrics. Since the majority of women with preterm labor eventually deliver at full term, biomarkers are needed to more accurately predict who will deliver preterm. Oxylipins, given their importance in inflammation regulation, are highly interesting in this respect since labor is an inflammatory process.Methods Eighty women with preterm labor before 34 weeks of gestation were enrolled in a prospective observational multi-center cohort study. Oxylipin levels of 67 analytes in plasma samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.Results Twenty-one (26%) of the women delivered before 34 weeks of gestation, and of those women, fourteen delivered within 48 h of admission. Logistic multivariate regression showed that lower levels of 9,10-DiHODE were associated with delivery before 34 weeks of gestation (aOR 0.12 (0.024–0.62)) and within 48 h ((aOR 0.13 (0.019–0.93)). Furthermore, higher levels of 11,12-DiHETrE were associated with delivery before 34 weeks of gestation ((aOR 6.19 (1.17–32.7)) and higher levels of 8-HETE were associated with delivery within 48 h ((aOR 5.01 (1.13–22.14)).Conclusions The oxylipin 9,10-DiHODE may be protective in preterm labor, both for delivery after 34 weeks of gestation and for delivery later than 48 h of admission, whereas 11,12-DiHETrE and 8-HETE display the opposite effect. Larger studies are needed to validate these mediators as biomarkers for prediction of preterm birth following preterm labor.
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