| 1. |
- Griffiths, Jennifer R., et al.
(författare)
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The importance of benthic-pelagic coupling for marine ecosystem functioning in a changing world
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 23:6, s. 2179-2196
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benthic-pelagic coupling is manifested as the exchange of energy, mass, or nutrients between benthic and pelagic habitats. It plays a prominent role in aquatic ecosystems, and it is crucial to functions from nutrient cycling to energy transfer in food webs. Coastal and estuarine ecosystem structure and function are strongly affected by anthropogenic pressures; however, there are large gaps in our understanding of the responses of inorganic nutrient and organic matter fluxes between benthic habitats and the water column. We illustrate the varied nature of physical and biological benthic-pelagic coupling processes and their potential sensitivity to three anthropogenic pressures - climate change, nutrient loading, and fishing - using the Baltic Sea as a case study and summarize current knowledge on the exchange of inorganic nutrients and organic material between habitats. Traditionally measured benthic-pelagic coupling processes (e.g., nutrient exchange and sedimentation of organic material) are to some extent quantifiable, but the magnitude and variability of biological processes are rarely assessed, preventing quantitative comparisons. Changing oxygen conditions will continue to have widespread effects on the processes that govern inorganic and organic matter exchange among habitats while climate change and nutrient load reductions may have large effects on organic matter sedimentation. Many biological processes (predation, bioturbation) are expected to be sensitive to anthropogenic drivers, but the outcomes for ecosystem function are largely unknown. We emphasize how improved empirical and experimental understanding of benthic-pelagic coupling processes and their variability are necessary to inform models that can quantify the feedbacks among processes and ecosystem responses to a changing world.
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| 2. |
- Högström, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors assessed in adolescence and the later risk of stroke in men : a 33-year follow-up study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 39:1, s. 63-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Stroke is a common cause of death, and a leading contributor to long-term disability. The cost associated with the disease is great. Several modifiable risk factors for stroke have been found in older cohorts; however, no study to date has investigated the effects of these risk factors from late adolescence.METHODS: The study cohort comprised 811,579 Swedish men (mean age, 18 years) that participated in the mandatory military conscription service in Sweden between 1969 and 1986. Some risk factors for stroke, such as body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cognitive function, were assessed at conscription. Aerobic fitness was also assessed at conscription, using a braked ergometer cycle test. Other risk factors for stroke, including stroke in subjects' parents, and socioeconomic factors including highest achieved level of education and annual income 15 years after conscription, were collected through national register linkage using the personal identification number. Stroke diagnosis among the study participants was tracked in the National Hospital Discharge Patient Register.RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 33 years 6,180 ischemic strokes and 2,104 hemorrhagic strokes were diagnosed in the cohort at a mean age of 47.9 years. Strong independent risk factors (all p <1.0 × 10-(6)) for ischemic stroke included low aerobic fitness (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84 per standard deviation [SD] increase), high BMI (HR, 1.15 per SD increase), diabetes (HR, 2.85), alcohol intoxication (HR, 1.93), low annual income (HR, 0.85 per SD decrease), and stroke in the mother (HR, 1.31). Similar risk factors were found for hemorrhagic stroke including low aerobic fitness (HR, 0.82 per SD increase), high BMI (HR, 1.18 per SD increase) alcohol intoxication (HR, 2.92), diabetes (HR, 2.06), and low annual income (HR, 0.75). The population attributable risks associated with all evaluated risk factors were 69% for ischemic stroke and 88% for hemorrhagic stroke (p < 0.001 for both).CONCLUSIONS: In the present study we have shown that several known risk factors for stroke are present already in late adolescence, and that they are independent of each other. The strongest risk factors were low physical fitness, high BMI, diabetes, low annual income and a maternal history of stroke. Several of the aforementioned risk factors are potentially modifiable.
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| 3. |
- Sinai, Cave, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to interpersonal violence and risk of post-traumatic stress disorder among women with borderline personality disorder
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 262, s. 311-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aims to determine the validity of the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS), as a screening tool for PTSD, among women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and severe suicidal behavior. Method: 106 women with BPD and at least two suicide attempts were assessed with the KIVS for exposure to interpersonal violence as a child and as an adult. The screening ability of the KIVS for the diagnosis of PTSD was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: PTSD diagnosis was valid for 61 (58%) women with BPD. The KIVS exposure of lifetime interpersonal violence, displayed fair accuracy of predicting diagnosis of PTSD (area under the curve 0.79, confidence interval [0.71, 0.88]) and performed well (sensitivity 0.90 and specificity 0.62), with a cut-off score of 4 (range 0-10). Poly-traumatization was not significantly related to PTSD diagnosis as compared to single traumatization, whereas sexual victimization was significantly more prevalent in women with PTSD diagnosis, as compared to other types of traumatic events. Conclusion: A score of 4 or more on the KIVS exposure to interpersonal lifetime violence presents well as a screening instrument for risk of PTSD, among women with BPD.
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| 4. |
- Sinai, Cave, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid hormones and adult interpersonal violence among women with borderline personality disorder
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 227:2-3, s. 253-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated T3 levels have been reported in men with antisocial behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormones and expressed adult interpersonal violence in female patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Furthermore, expressed adult interpersonal violence in female BPD patients was compared to healthy female controls. A total of 92 clinically euthyroid women with BPD and 57 healthy women were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scales (KIVS). Baseline thyroid function was evaluated by measuring plasma free and bound triiodothyronine (FT3 and T3), thyroxine (FT4 and T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with immunoassays in patients. Plasma cortisol was also measured. Among females with BPD, expressed interpersonal violence as an adult showed a significant positive correlation with the T3 levels. The mean expression of interpersonal violence as an adult was significantly higher in BPD patients as compared to healthy controls. The multiple regression model indicated that two independent predictors of KIVS expressed interpersonal violence as an adult: T3 and comorbid diagnosis of alcohol abuse. Association between T3 levels and violent/aggressive behavior earlier reported exclusively in male samples may be valid also in females with BPD. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NCND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Interim Report of the ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea (WGIAB) : 18-22 April 2016 Helsinki, Finland
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea (WGIAB) meeting was held in Helsinki (Finland), 18-22 April 2016. The meeting was attended by 26 participants from five countries and chaired by Laura Uusitalo, Fin-land, Saskia Otto, Germany, Martin Lindegren, Denmark, and Lena Bergström, Swe-den. This was the first year of the new three-year Terms of Reference (ToR) for WGIAB. The main working activities in 2016 were to A) develop the trait-based ap-proach of understanding the ecosystem function, and B) explore the social-ecological system, including indicator development, revising the conceptual model, and devel-oping case studies. As a primary outcome of the ToR A, we built on our previous work on integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs) in the Baltic Sea, but extended it beyond considering changes in abundances of a few dominant species, to accounting for community-wide changes in a number of key traits across multiple trophic levels. These traits represent various ecosystem functions upon which we derive important ecosystem services. By investigating temporal changes in the community weighted mean traits of phyto-plankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, and fish, we demonstrated whether trait reor-ganizations at the level of entire communities occurred in the Central Baltic Sea as a result of the 1980s regime shift. Using in total 29 traits combined for all groups we found indications of two breakpoints across all four taxonomic groups over the last decades, i.e. one around 1990 and one around 2000. Further work will focus on ex-ploring the nature of the changes in trait composition and on standardizing the num-ber of traits and data types (i.e. binary, continuous or categorical) across taxonomic group.In addition, we collected data on key functional groups and abiotic variables in all main sub-basins of the Baltic Sea, setting the stage for a cross-regional comparison of temporal patterns and trends in lower trophic level in the face of recent develop-ments in climate-related drivers.With reference to Tor B, to explore how social indicators could be used in parallel with biological indicators in an integrated assessment framework, we developed a conceptual model of interrelationships between ecosystem and society. We used the model as a basis for mapping factors to be accounted for in the ecosystem-based management using the Baltic salmon and clupeid species as case studies. The models depict 1) the structure of the foodweb relevant to the target species, 2) the key com-munity level and population traits that contribute to the state of the species, 3) main pressures affecting the foodweb and their effects on the species, 4) key management measures, and 5) benefits that the species can produce for society.To support the development of Ecosystem Overview the group members evaluated the probability of occurrence and the magnitude of the effect of 15 pressures occur-ring in the Baltic Sea. The top five pressures identified were input of nutrients, in-creased temperature, decreased salinity, input of hazardous substances, and input or spread of non-indigenous species.The work will continue intersessionally and the next meeting of WGIAB is planned to be held in Lisbon, Portugal, back-to-back with WGCOMEDA and WGEAWESS.
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| 6. |
- Boström, Ann-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Andvändning av forskningsresultat i vården
- 2017. - 2
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Ingår i: Kvalitetsarbete för bättre och säkrare vård. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144116181 ; , s. 195-218
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Brose, Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting the consequences of species lossusing size-structured biodiversity approaches
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biological Reviews. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1464-7931 .- 1469-185X. ; 92:2, s. 684-697
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the consequences of species loss in complex ecological communities is one of the great challenges in current biodiversity research. For a long time, this topic has been addressed by traditional biodiversity experiments. Most of these approaches treat species as trait-free, taxonomic units characterizing communities only by species number without accounting for species traits. However, extinctions do not occur at random as there is a clear correlation between extinction risk and species traits. In this review, we assume that large species will be most threatened by extinction and use novel allometric and size-spectrum concepts that include body mass as a primary species trait at the levels of populations and individuals, respectively, to re-assess three classic debates on the relationships between biodiversity and (i) food-web structural complexity, (ii) community dynamic stability, and (iii) ecosystem functioning. Contrasting current expectations, size-structured approaches suggest that the loss of large species, that typically exploit most resource species, may lead to future food webs that are less interwoven and more structured by chains of interactions and compartments. The disruption of natural body-mass distributions maintaining food-web stability may trigger avalanches of secondary extinctions and strong trophic cascades with expected knock-on effects on the functionality of the ecosystems. Therefore, we argue that it is crucial to take into account body size as a species trait when analysing the consequences of biodiversity loss for natural ecosystems. Applying size-structured approaches provides an integrative ecological concept that enables a better understanding of each species' unique role across communities and the causes and consequences of biodiversity loss.
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| 8. |
- Börstler, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
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Beauty and the Beast: on the readability of object-oriented example programs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Software quality journal. - : Springer. - 0963-9314 .- 1573-1367. ; 24:2, s. 231-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some solutions to a programming problem are more elegant or more simple than others and thus more understandable for students. We review desirable properties of example programs from a cognitive and a measurement point of view. Certain cognitive aspects of example programs are captured by common software measures, but they are not sufficient to capture a key aspect of understandability: readability. We propose and discuss a simple readability measure for software, SRES, and apply it to object-oriented textbook examples. Our results show that readability measures correlate well with human perceptions of quality. Compared with other readability measures, SRES is less sensitive to commenting and white-space. These results also have implications for software maintainability measures.
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| 9. |
- Freischmidt, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes familial ALS and fronto-temporal dementia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 18:5, s. 631-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative syndrome hallmarked by adult-onset loss of motor neurons. We performed exome sequencing of 252 familial ALS (fALS) and 827 control individuals. Gene-based rare variant analysis identified an exome-wide significant enrichment of eight loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in TBK1 (encoding TANK-binding kinase 1) in 13 fALS pedigrees. No enrichment of LoF mutations was observed in a targeted mutation screen of 1,010 sporadic ALS and 650 additional control individuals. Linkage analysis in four families gave an aggregate LOD score of 4.6. In vitro experiments confirmed the loss of expression of TBK1 LoF mutant alleles, or loss of interaction of the C-terminal TBK1 coiled-coil domain (CCD2) mutants with the TBK1 adaptor protein optineurin, which has been shown to be involved in ALS pathogenesis. We conclude that haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes ALS and fronto-temporal dementia.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Nordin, Anna
(författare)
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Patient safety culture in hospital settings : Measurements, health care staff perceptions and suggestions for improvement
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim was to psychometrically test the S-HSOPSC and HSOPSC, investigate health care staff’s perceptions of patient safety culture and their suggestions for improvement.Methods: A three-time cross-sectional study with data from health care staff (N= 3721) in a Swedish county council was conducted in 2009 (N = 1,023), 2011 (N = 1,228) and 2013 (N =1,470) using the S-HSOPSC (I, II, III). Health care staff’s suggestions for improvement were analyzed in a qualitative content analysis study (IV).Results: The S-HSOPSC (14 dimensions, 51 items) is acceptable for measuring patient safety culture (I). Health care staff held a positive attitude towards their own unit’s teamwork, and a less favorable attitude towards hospital managers’ support for patient safety work (I). Managers held a more positive attitude towards patient safety than others and enrolled nurses held a more positive attitude than registered nurses and physicians (II, III). Positive attitudes towards learning, nonpunitive response and staffing was associated with positive attitudes towards overall safety (II). Health care staff’s attitudes towards patient safety decreased between 2009- 2013 for 12 dimensions (III). A diversity of approaches, nuanced in relation to the informant’s profession was suggested to improve patient safety, for example ‘Increased staffing’ ‘Teamwork and collaboration’ and ‘Committed management' (IV).Conclusions: The S-HSOPSC is suitable for measuring patient safety culture. Supporting and committed managers, teamwork and collaboration are important for patient safety improvement. RNs have an important coordinating position in patient safety work, since they work in close proximity to the patients, and strategically in teams, where decisions of importance for patient safety are made. Health care staff attitudes towards communication, nonpunitive approach, feedback and learning from mistakes have deteriorated. To prevent from organizational fatigue, actions are needed.
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| 14. |
- Paré, Bastien, et al.
(författare)
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Misfolded SOD1 pathology in sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregation of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a pathological hallmark of a subset of familial ALS patients. However, the possible role of misfolded wild type SOD1 in human ALS is highly debated. To ascertain whether or not misfolded SOD1 is a common pathological feature in non-SOD1 ALS, we performed a blinded histological and biochemical analysis of post mortem brain and spinal cord tissues from 19 sporadic ALS, compared with a SOD1 A4V patient as well as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-neurological controls. Multiple conformation-or misfolded-specific antibodies for human SOD1 were compared. These were generated independently by different research groups and were compared using standardized conditions. Five different misSOD1 staining patterns were found consistently in tissue sections from SALS cases and the SOD1 A4V patient, but were essentially absent in AD and non-neurological controls. We have established clear experimental protocols and provide specific guidelines for working, with conformational/misfolded SOD1-specific antibodies. Adherence to these guidelines will aid in the comparison of the results of future studies and better interpretation of staining patterns. This blinded, standardized and unbiased approach provides further support for a possible pathological role of misSOD1 in SALS.
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| 15. |
- Pulczynski, Elisa J, et al.
(författare)
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Successful change of treatment strategy in elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma by de-escalating induction and introducing temozolomide maintenance: results from a phase 2 study by The Nordic Lymphoma Group.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 1592-8721 .- 0390-6078. ; 100:4, s. 534-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nordic Lymphoma Group has conducted a phase ll trial in primary central nervous system lymphoma patients applying age-adjusted multi-agent immunochemotherapy regimen, which in elderly patients included temozolomide maintenance treatment. Design and Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL aged 18-75 years were eligible. Sixty-six patients (median age 64 years) were enrolled. Two age groups were predefined as those of 18-65 and 66-75 years of age. Results: The overall response rate was 90.8 %. With a median follow-up of 22 months, the 2-year overall survival probability was 60.7 % in patients < 65 years and 55.6% in patients > 65 years (p= 0.40). The estimated progression-free survival at 2 years was 33.1% (CI: 19.1%-47.9%) in patients < 65 years and 44.4% (CI: 25.6%-61.8%) in the elderly subgroup (p=0.74). Median duration of response was 10 months in the younger, not reached in the elderly patients (p=0.33). Four patients aged 64-75 years (6 %) died from treatment related complications. Conclusion: Survival in the two age groups was similar despite a de-escalation of induction treatment in patients > 65 years. Duration of response in elderly patients receiving maintenance temozolomide was longer than in the younger age subgroup. While toxicity during induction is still of concern especially in the elderly patients we conclude from these data that de-escalation of induction therapy in elderly PCNSL patients followed by maintenance treatment seems to be a promising treatment strategy. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01458730.
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| 16. |
- Yletyinen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Regime shifts in marine communities : a complex systems perspective on food web dynamics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 283:1825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species composition and habitats are changing at unprecedented rates in the world's oceans, potentially causing entire food webs to shift to structurally and functionally different regimes. Despite the severity of these regime shifts, elucidating the precise nature of their underlying processes has remained difficult. We address this challenge with a new analytic approach to detect and assess the relative strength of different driving processes in food webs. Our study draws on complexity theory, and integrates the network-centric exponential random graph modelling (ERGM) framework developed within the social sciences with community ecology. In contrast to previous research, this approach makes clear assumptions of direction of causality and accommodates a dynamic perspective on the emergence of food webs. We apply our approach to analysing food webs of the Baltic Sea before and after a previously reported regime shift. Our results show that the dominant food web processes have remained largely the same, although we detect changes in their magnitudes. The results indicate that the reported regime shift may not be a system-wide shift, but instead involve a limited number of species. Our study emphasizes the importance of community-wide analysis on marine regime shifts and introduces a novel approach to examine food webs.
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