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| 2. |
- Norlander, T, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of experimental Mycoplasma pulmonis infection on sensory neuropeptides and airway mucosa in the rat
- 1997
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 10:10, s. 2334-2342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of airway infection on neurogenic inflammation is not known. The present study examines the effect of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection on the sensory neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the trigeminal ganglion and in the mucosa of the nose and trachea in rats. We compared germ-free (GF), conventionally raised (CV) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) rats. The concentrations of SP and CGRP in the nasal mucosa were assessed with immunohistochemistry, and their prohormonal transcripts in the trigeminal ganglion were assessed with Northern blot. Mucosa was also processed for light microscopy and electron microscopy. SP-like immunoreactivity was greater in the nasal mucosa of infected animals than in uninfected controls. CGRP-like immunoreactivity was greater in the nasal septum, but not in the nasal turbinate, of infected than uninfected animals. In contrast, no change was evident in the expression levels of the prohormonal transcripts in the trigeminal ganglion. Infected nasal and tracheal mucosa was oedematous and locally infiltrated with inflammatory cells. In the nose of uninfected GF rats, subepithelial lymphoid aggregations were scarce and appeared inactive. We conclude that Mycoplasma pulmonis infection results in increased immunoreactivity of substance P, probably within nerves. There was no clear evidence of increased synthesis of the precursors of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide.
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| 3. |
- Henriksson, G, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of P-glycoprotein 170 in nasal mucosa may be increased with topical steroids
- 1997
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Ingår i: American journal of rhinology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1050-6586 .- 1539-6290. ; 11:4, s. 317-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of P-glycoprotein 170 (P-gp), a “multidrug resistance” protein capable of extruding various drugs including 11-OH steroids from human cells, can be upregulated by certain glucocorticosteroids. This study demonstrates the presence of P-gp in the columnar surface epithelium and in glandular acini of healthy nasal mucosa with immunohistochemical technique. Furthermore, nasal polyps from 5 of 17 patients treated with clinical doses of a topical nasal steroid, budesonide, appear to show a stronger staining intensity for P-gp than polyps from 13 untreated patients. This suggests the possibility of local P-gp gene induction by topical glucocorticoid treatment. Upregulation of P-gp synthesis appears as a new possible cause of relative resistance to topical steroid medication in patients with nasal inflammatory disease.
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| 6. |
- Norlander, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Alcohol and Frustration on Experimental Graffiti
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 201-207.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to examine interactive effects between alcohol and frustration in regard to graffiti. Forty-two subjects, 21 men and 21 women were randomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the three experimental groups, namely a Control group, an Alcohol group, and an Alcohol+Frustration group (alcohol dose: 1 ml 100% alcohol/kg body weight). For the purposes of this experiment, a test (AET) was constructed that provided scores of "scrawling-graffiti" (i.e., the amount of scrawling on pictures), "destruction", "aggression", and "sexuality". An elaboration test and a test measuring the "dispositional optimism" were also applied. The primary results indicated that (a) the Alcohol+Frustration group scored significantly higher on scrawling-graffiti compared to the Control group, (b) female subjects performed graffiti-scrawling to a greater extent than male subjects in all three groups, (c) women scored significantly higher on elaboration as compared to men. These results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that alcohol intake by itself is unlikely to induce destructive behavior unless accompanied by a "provocative" factor (e.g. frustration) that precipitates the putative expressions of aggressiveness.
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| 7. |
- Norlander, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Flotation REST on Creative Problem Solving and Originality
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18, 399-408.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to explore whether or not flotation REST facilitates the creative problem-solving ability and originality. Sample 1 had 40 subjects, 20 men and 20 women, whom were randomly assigned in equal numbers to either a non-REST group (armchair-sitting) or to a floating REST group. Both groups worked on a "Chain Puzzle" for 5 minutes and were then interrupted with 45 minutes sitting or floating. Then the subjects were given the task of continuing with the creative problem-solving test. Sample 2 had 54 subjects, 27 men and 27 women, whom were randomly assigned in equal numbers to either a "non-REST" (armchair-sitting), a "dry-REST" group (lying on a couch in a dark room) and a "flotation-REST" group. Then the groups had to fill in a couple of paper-and-pen tests giving scores on fluency, obvious answers, original answers, elegance and deductive thinking. The results (impaired creative solving ability and higher originality for the floating group) were interpreted as a indication of a cognitive function where the primary process still dominates over the secondary process
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| 9. |
- Norlander, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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Primary Process in Competitive Archery Performance: Effects of Flotation REST
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 194-209.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether or nor the floating form of Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique (REST) may be exploited within the field of competitive archery to reinforce primary process (inner-directed) orientation and thereby enhance the quality of coaching and training. Floatation REST consists of a procedure whereby an individual is immersed in a water-tank filled with saltwater of an extremely high salt concentration. The experiment was performed over the course of two weekends with a six-week interval in-between. Twenty participating archers, thirteen male and seven female, were recruited. The between-group factor was "adjudged skill". The within-group factor was provided by an Armchair condition in which the participants sat in an armchair for 45 min after which they were required to shoot four salvo series of three shots each, as a comparison to the Flotation-Rest condition whereby the participants were required to lie in a floating-tank for 45 min just prior to shooting. Results indicated that: (a) the participants experienced less perceived exertion during marksmanship in the floating condition, (b) the elite archers performed more consistently in the Flotation-REST condition, (c) the least and most proficient archers had lower muscle tension in the Extensor Digitorum in the Flotation REST condition
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| 10. |
- Norlander, T, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship of nasal polyps, infection, and inflammation
- 1999
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Ingår i: American journal of rhinology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1050-6586 .- 1539-6290. ; 13:5, s. 349-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of infection as cause or effect in nasal polyps is debated. In experimentally induced sinusitis in rabbits, polyps are frequent. The initial polyp formation sequence involves multiple epithelial disruptions with proliferating granulation tissue. Regenerating epithelial branches spread into the underlying connective tissue, where intraepithelial microcavities give rise to a polyp body from the adjacent mucosa. Clinical as well as experimental studies indicate that nasal polyp formation and growth are activated and perpetuated by an integrated process of mucosal epithelium, matrix, and inflammatory cells, which in turn may be initiated by both infectious and noninfectious inflammation. The complexity of the pathophysiologic events in nasal polyposis is reinforced by the finding that epithelial desquamation, combined with infection or inflammation, will initiate polyp formation. Systemic glucocorticosteroids inhibit polyp formation as well as growth of pathogenic bacteria in the sinuses of rabbits with experimental infection. Therapeutic use of corticosteroids in polyp disease, combined with antibiotics or surgery, should be modified in relation to long-term progression, intensity variations, and predisposing conditions.
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