| 1. |
- Malm, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Resource group ACT (RACT) - A review of an integrative approach to psychoeducation of individual families involving the patient
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health. - : Routledge. - 0020-7411 .- 1557-9328. ; 44:4, s. 269-276
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The implementation of evidence-based treatment methods for patients with severe mental illness must be deeply rooted in clinical case management and an ACT service delivery model, where the patient user can be involved in shared-decision making in the cycle of "assess-plan-act-follow up-feedback". In order to prepare and empower the client for the new role as a participating decision maker in the management of his/her own illness, various psychoeducational strategies are employed. The original family unit in the community of the Integrated Mental Health Care program (IC) was developed step-by-step through practice-based evidence and clinical expertise to include significant others as resource persons in a so called Resource Group, and therefore the program was subsequently named as "Resource group ACT" (RACT). The service delivery by community mental health teams involving the patient by way of resource groups as well as the psychoeducational treatment conditions involving both individual patients and family groups may contribute to the understanding of how RACT added clinical effectiveness in functioning and satisfaction. © 2015 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
|
|
| 2. |
- Nordén, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment (RACT) as a Tool of Empowerment for Clients with Severe Mental Illness: A Meta-Analysis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1745-0179. ; 8, s. 144-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the current meta-analysis was to explore the effectiveness of the method here labeled Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment (RACT) for clients with psychiatric diagnoses as compared to standard care during the period 2001 – 2011. Included in the meta-analysis were 17 studies comprising a total of 2263 clients, 1291 men and 972 women, with a weighted mean age of 45.44 years. The diagnoses of 86 % of the clients were within the psychotic spectrum while 14 % had other psychiatric diagnoses. There were six randomized controlled trials and eleven observational studies. The studies spanned between 12 and 60 months, and 10 of them lasted 24 months. The results indicated a large effect-size for the ”grand total measure” (Cohen´sd= 0.80). The study comprised three outcome variables: Symptoms, Functioning, and Well-being. With regard to Symptoms, a medium effect for both randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies was found, whereas Functioning showed large effects for both types of design. Concerning Well-being both large and medium effects were evident. The conclusions of the meta-analysis were that the treatment of clients with Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment yields positive effects for clients with psychoses and that the method may be of use for clients within the entire psychiatric spectrum.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Norlander, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of experimental Mycoplasma pulmonis infection on sensory neuropeptides and airway mucosa in the rat
- 1997
-
Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 10:10, s. 2334-2342
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of airway infection on neurogenic inflammation is not known. The present study examines the effect of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection on the sensory neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the trigeminal ganglion and in the mucosa of the nose and trachea in rats. We compared germ-free (GF), conventionally raised (CV) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) rats. The concentrations of SP and CGRP in the nasal mucosa were assessed with immunohistochemistry, and their prohormonal transcripts in the trigeminal ganglion were assessed with Northern blot. Mucosa was also processed for light microscopy and electron microscopy. SP-like immunoreactivity was greater in the nasal mucosa of infected animals than in uninfected controls. CGRP-like immunoreactivity was greater in the nasal septum, but not in the nasal turbinate, of infected than uninfected animals. In contrast, no change was evident in the expression levels of the prohormonal transcripts in the trigeminal ganglion. Infected nasal and tracheal mucosa was oedematous and locally infiltrated with inflammatory cells. In the nose of uninfected GF rats, subepithelial lymphoid aggregations were scarce and appeared inactive. We conclude that Mycoplasma pulmonis infection results in increased immunoreactivity of substance P, probably within nerves. There was no clear evidence of increased synthesis of the precursors of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide.
|
|
| 5. |
- Norlander, T., et al.
(författare)
-
The Experience of Floatation-REST as a Function of Setting and Previous Experience of Altered States of Consciousness
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 20, 161 - 178.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate if experiences induced by flotation-REST (in flotation-tank) are affected by settings or subjects earlier experiences of altered states of consciousness (ASC). No such significant differences were found. Significant effects owing to flotation-REST were found regarding reduction in experienced pain and enhancement of mood. Flotation-REST was considered a pleasurable technique. Different kinds of visual and acoustic effects, altered time perception and a sense of weightlessness have been reported. Also deep transpersonal experiences were quite common, these could be distinguished into three types: experiences of one's own childbirth/delivery, feeling of cosmic unity and experiences of losing contact with the body or out-of-body-experiences. Flotation-REST must be regarded as a consciousness-altering method with promising potential for clinical and therapeutic use.Key words: Flotation-REST - Setting - Drug experience - Pain - Mood - Verbal analysis - Altered state of consciousness.
|
|
| 6. |
- Norlander, T, et al.
(författare)
-
The Hourglass Model: Are There Structural Problems with the Scarcity of Positive Results for Flexible ACT?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1745-0179. ; 11, s. 155-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present article was to discuss the commentary by van Veldhuizen, Delespaul and Mulder (2015) regarding the review by Nordén and Norlander (2014) based on five empirical articles about Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT). Veldhuizen et al. agree on that there is insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of FACT. However, van Veldhuizen et al. avoid a discussion of the lack of positive results despite extensive research during several years and therefore an analysis of why FACT did not fare better is missing. According to FACT it is an advantage that one single team spans the entire chain of care and rehabilitation, but no evidence is given for such an opinion. Instead there may be difficulties for the staff to shift between psychiatric care and psychiatric rehabilitation and the clients perhaps don’t want to encounter the same professional team during all phases of care and rehabilitation.
|
|
| 7. |
- Berglof, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of bronchopneumonia with sinusitis due to Bordetella bronchiseptica in an experimental rabbit model
- 2000
-
Ingår i: American journal of rhinology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1050-6586 .- 1539-6290. ; 14:2, s. 125-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An animal model for rhinogenic sinusitis was developed in rabbits naturally colonized with Bordetella bronchiseptica. It was found that ostial occlusion predisposes the sinus to invasion with this opportunistic bacterium and subsequent sinusitis as a result of reduced local host defense. In addition to the inflammatory lesions in the sinus, bronchitis and pneumonia were found in 84% of the experimental rabbits, suggesting that ostial dysfunction can also contribute to infectious disease of the lower respiratory tract. In such a model it is possible to study the significance of asymptomatic carriage of potential pathogens after ostial occlusion.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Ehnhage, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Corrigendum
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Acta oto-laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 136:9, s. 982-982
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 11. |
- Harvey, P. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Functional Capacity and Functional Disability in Schizophrenia : A Cross-National Study in New York and Sweden
- 2008
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Functional disability is a central feature of schizophrenia and has been reported to occur across different countries and systems of care. Recent advances in the assessment of disability have separeted the measuremet of functional capacity: the ability to perform skills required for everyday functioning from the measurement of real-world functional outcomes. This presentation reports on a cross-national study of the correlation between functional capacity measured with the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment, Brief version (UPSA-B), casemanager ratings of patient everyday functioning with the Specific Levels Of Functioning (SLOF), and occurrence of real-world functional milestones, including independent living, employment, and marital status. Patients with schizophrenia who lived in an urban American setting and a generally rural region in Sweden were compared on their functional capacity performance and real-world outcomes. Metods:Samples of schizophrenia patients in Sweden (n=146) and New York (n=244) performed the UPSA-B and a neuropsychological assessment and were rated by their case managers. Information from archival records and case managers was used to determine the occurence of the different real world outcomes, including living independently and having ever experienced a stable romantic relationship.Results: Performance on the UPSA-B was essentially identical in the two patient samples, with a total raw score in the New York sample 13.8 and the score in the Swedish sample 13.8. Scores on the case manager ratings of everyday activities were also strikingly similar (New York:49; Sweden:49). Further, the correlation between UPSA-B scores and ratings of everyday activities were quite similar, New York: r=.36 Sweden: r=.27 as were the correlations between NP performance and UPSA-B scores, New York: r=.58; Sweden: r=.55. Also, the proportion of cases who had never been married or had a close relationship was 59% in New York and 64% in Sweden. In notable contrast, 80% of the Swedish patients and 46% of the New York patients were living independently.Implications: Performance-based measures of functional capacity were very similar across samples of people with schizophrenia in very different living environments. These results are consistent with previous studies showing that performance-based measures of cognition are also quite similar across different countries in people with schizophrenia. While measures of functional ability and case manager estimates of patients' real-world outcomes were very similar in level of impairment and correlational structure, real-world residential outcomes were very different. These data suggest that cultural and social support systems can lead to very divergent outcomes in individuals who have evidence of the same levels of ability and potential.
|
|
| 12. |
- Harvey, P.D, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance-based measurement of functional disability in schizophrenia: a cross-national study in the United States and Sweden
- 2009
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; :166, s. 821-827
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Recent advances in the assessment of disability in schizophrenia have separated the measurement of functional capacity from real-world functional outcomes. The authors examined the similarity of performance-based assessments of everyday functioning, real-world disability, and achievement of milestones in people with schizophrenia in the United States and Sweden. METHOD: The UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief Version (UPSA-B) and a neuropsychological assessment were administered to schizophrenia patients living in rural areas in Sweden (N=146) and in the New York City area (N=244), and patients' functioning was rated by their case managers. Information from records and case managers was used to determine the frequency of living independently, working, and having ever experienced a stable romantic relationship. RESULTS: Performance on the UPSA-B was essentially identical in the two samples (New York, mean score=13.84; Sweden, mean score=13.30), as were scores on the case manager ratings of everyday activities (New York, mean=49.0; Sweden, mean=48.8). The correlations between UPSA-B score, neuropsychological test performance, and case manager ratings did not differ across the two samples. The proportion of patients who had never had a close relationship and the rate of vocational disability were also nearly identical. However, while 80% of the Swedish patients were living independently, only 46% of the New York patients were. CONCLUSIONS: While scores on performance-based measures of everyday living skills were similar in people with schizophrenia across cultures, real-world residential outcomes were very different. These data suggest that cultural and social support systems can lead to divergent real-world outcomes among individuals who show evidence of the same levels of ability and potential.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Henriksson, G, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of topical budesonide treatment on glucocorticoid receptor mRNA down-regulation and cytokine patterns in nasal polyps
- 2001
-
Ingår i: American journal of rhinology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1050-6586 .- 1539-6290. ; 15:1, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of a topically applied corticosteroid, budesonide, on the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (CR) mRNA and regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine patterns in patients with nasal polyps were evaluated. All patients were eligible for surgical polypectomy, and a majority of them had been treated with nasal steroids. Patients were given 400 μg b.i.d. (group A, n = 11), 200 μg bid. (group B, n = 10), or no treatment (group C, n = 15) during two months before polypectomy. Morning serum cortisol was analyzed on the day of surgery. Surgically removed polyps were taken for analysis of GR mRNA expression by solution hybridization. Remaining tissue was cryostat-sectioned, whereafter quantification of the cytokines interleukin 1β, interleukin 2, interleukin 4, interleukin 5, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor a, and interferon γ was made by immunohistochemistry and digitized image analysis. No significant differences among the three groups were found for any of the parameters investigated. Conclusion: nasal polyps do not respond with down-regulation of CR mRNA or cytokines following topical corticosteroid treatment. The proposed corticosteroid resistance may be inherent, or induced by a change of local tissue bioavailability.
|
|
| 17. |
- Henriksson, G, et al.
(författare)
-
Expression of P-glycoprotein 170 in nasal mucosa may be increased with topical steroids
- 1997
-
Ingår i: American journal of rhinology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1050-6586 .- 1539-6290. ; 11:4, s. 317-321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of P-glycoprotein 170 (P-gp), a “multidrug resistance” protein capable of extruding various drugs including 11-OH steroids from human cells, can be upregulated by certain glucocorticosteroids. This study demonstrates the presence of P-gp in the columnar surface epithelium and in glandular acini of healthy nasal mucosa with immunohistochemical technique. Furthermore, nasal polyps from 5 of 17 patients treated with clinical doses of a topical nasal steroid, budesonide, appear to show a stronger staining intensity for P-gp than polyps from 13 untreated patients. This suggests the possibility of local P-gp gene induction by topical glucocorticoid treatment. Upregulation of P-gp synthesis appears as a new possible cause of relative resistance to topical steroid medication in patients with nasal inflammatory disease.
|
|
| 18. |
- Holmström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Current perspectives on the treatment of nasal polyposis : a Swedish opinion report
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 122:7, s. 736-744
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Swedish study group has examined the current knowledge of nasal polyposis with emphasis on different treatment modalities. Polyposis is a multifactorial disease that exists for decades in the majority of cases. Different types of treatment must be considered, focusing on the underlying disease. However, as we only know the specific origin of polyposis in a minority of cases, treatment is usually symptomatic. When making a thorough evaluation of different treatment strategies, it is obvious that there is a real need for more controlled treatment studies which would make the scientific ground more stable when it comes to suggesting medical, surgical or combined treatments.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Lilja, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
-
Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy. Experiences of everyday life and relapse prevention in primary care
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 6:4, s. 464-477
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of mindfulness has attracted a growing body of research within behavioural medicine over the last decade. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been developed to prevent relapse among people who suffer recurrent depression. Studies show impressive results, with a decrease in the risk of relapse of up to 50%. However, primary care patients’ own experiences and MBCT’s effectiveness as a relapse program and aid to their ability to deal with everyday life remain relatively unexplored. The aim of the study, therefore, was to examine how primary care patients with recurrent depression perceive the usefulness of MBCT in preventing relapse. Nineteen patients who had participated in a MBCT program for recurrent depression within a primary care setting were interviewed 12 months after treatment. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse, and report patterns in the interviews. Analysis suggests two overarching themes, “Strategies for remission” and “Personal development”. This study brings new information about what participants in MBCT classes describe as the most useful interventions for relapse prevention. The formal and informal meditation exercises focused on the body and the breath were described as the most important strategies for remission and the mindfulness practice gave the participants an enhanced self-knowledge that helped them to better deal with everyday stress and interpersonal functioning. The findings also indicate that traditional cognitive behavioural interventions, such as behaviour activation and establishing a maintenance plan, might not be as essential to relapse prevention as formerly thought.
|
|
| 24. |
- Lilja, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
-
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is effective as relapse prevention for patients with recurrent depression in Scandinavian primary health care
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 57:5, s. 464-472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in primary care for patients with recurrent depression (major depressive disorder: MDD). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), MDD is now the leading cause of disease burden in middle- and high-income countries. Patients (N=45) with three or more previous depressive episodes were recruited to participate in MBCT as a preventative intervention. Using a benchmarking approach, outcome data was compared with data from a recent efficacy study. The methodology is a rigorous approach to assessing effectiveness when evidence-based UK protocols are transferred into the existing Scandinavian service delivery. Additionally, a person-centred methodological approach was used to assess clinical significance on the Reliable Change Index (RCI). The analysis revealed comparable or larger effects from pre-test to post-test in reduced psychiatric symptoms, increased quality of life and level of mindfulness, and the effects were maintained over 14 months. Analysis of the relapse rate in the current study (16%) compared to the TAU in the efficacy study (68%) yielded an h value of 0.78, a moderate effect size. Only 13% dropped out of the treatment. According to the RCI findings, 65% to 67% of participants in the clinical group improved, no individual worsened, and women showed a significantly greater improvement of depression and anxiety than men. Therapeutic alliance and motivation had no impact on the outcome. The overall result suggests that MBCT can be implemented successfully in Scandinavian primary health care as a preventive intervention for patients with recurrent depression.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Nordmarker, Anki, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effects of Alcohol Intake and Induced Frustration upon Art Vandalism
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Social Behavior and Personality, 28, 15-28.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was designed to examine the interactive effects between alcohol-intake and frustration effects upon art vandalism. 100 subjects, 50 men and 50 women, were randomly assigned to five experimental conditions (Control, Alcohol, Alcohol+Frustration, Frustration and Placebo) with 10 men 10 women in each group. Subjects were provided with the opportunity to scrawl on a picture of Adam and Eve (the AET test). AET was also evaluated on levels of "destruction", "aggression" and "sexuality". The results indicated that alcohol alone did not increase the degree of vandalism, but there was a significant increase in scores of scrawling-graffiti under the influence of alcohol+frustration. Female subjects performed graffiti-scrawling to a significantly greater extent than male subjects in all five groups.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Norlander, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Decreasing incidence of malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses in Sweden. An analysis of 141 consecutive cases at Karolinska Hospital from 1960 to 1980
- 2003
-
Ingår i: The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0003-4894 .- 1943-572X. ; 112:3, s. 236-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reviewed 141 cases of paranasal sinus tumors treated at Karolinska Hospital from 1960 to 1980. Of these tumors, 100 were located in the maxillary sinus, 32 in the ethmoidal sinuses, 8 in both the ethmoidal and maxillary regions, and 1 in the sphenoidal sinus. The male-to-female ratio was 2.1 to 1. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were the most frequent types of tumors (55% and 13%, respectively). Treatment included surgery, irradiation, or both. The 5-year survival rate was 34% for squamous cell carcinomas and 64% for adenocarcinomas. When compared to a previous material of patients treated at the same hospital from 1940 to 1950, the proportion of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas had increased significantly. The age-adjusted incidence rate decreased from 1.2 to 0.4 for male patients and from 0.7 to 0.3 for female patients between 1960 and 1980. We conclude that the incidence of malignant paranasal sinus tumors has decreased, and that squamous cell tumors now seem to be generally less differentiated than they were 50 years ago.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Norlander, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of Alcohol and Frustration on Experimental Graffiti
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 201-207.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to examine interactive effects between alcohol and frustration in regard to graffiti. Forty-two subjects, 21 men and 21 women were randomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the three experimental groups, namely a Control group, an Alcohol group, and an Alcohol+Frustration group (alcohol dose: 1 ml 100% alcohol/kg body weight). For the purposes of this experiment, a test (AET) was constructed that provided scores of "scrawling-graffiti" (i.e., the amount of scrawling on pictures), "destruction", "aggression", and "sexuality". An elaboration test and a test measuring the "dispositional optimism" were also applied. The primary results indicated that (a) the Alcohol+Frustration group scored significantly higher on scrawling-graffiti compared to the Control group, (b) female subjects performed graffiti-scrawling to a greater extent than male subjects in all three groups, (c) women scored significantly higher on elaboration as compared to men. These results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that alcohol intake by itself is unlikely to induce destructive behavior unless accompanied by a "provocative" factor (e.g. frustration) that precipitates the putative expressions of aggressiveness.
|
|
| 35. |
- Norlander, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of Flotation REST on Creative Problem Solving and Originality
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18, 399-408.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to explore whether or not flotation REST facilitates the creative problem-solving ability and originality. Sample 1 had 40 subjects, 20 men and 20 women, whom were randomly assigned in equal numbers to either a non-REST group (armchair-sitting) or to a floating REST group. Both groups worked on a "Chain Puzzle" for 5 minutes and were then interrupted with 45 minutes sitting or floating. Then the subjects were given the task of continuing with the creative problem-solving test. Sample 2 had 54 subjects, 27 men and 27 women, whom were randomly assigned in equal numbers to either a "non-REST" (armchair-sitting), a "dry-REST" group (lying on a couch in a dark room) and a "flotation-REST" group. Then the groups had to fill in a couple of paper-and-pen tests giving scores on fluency, obvious answers, original answers, elegance and deductive thinking. The results (impaired creative solving ability and higher originality for the floating group) were interpreted as a indication of a cognitive function where the primary process still dominates over the secondary process
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Norlander, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
-
Primary Process in Competitive Archery Performance: Effects of Flotation REST
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 194-209.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether or nor the floating form of Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique (REST) may be exploited within the field of competitive archery to reinforce primary process (inner-directed) orientation and thereby enhance the quality of coaching and training. Floatation REST consists of a procedure whereby an individual is immersed in a water-tank filled with saltwater of an extremely high salt concentration. The experiment was performed over the course of two weekends with a six-week interval in-between. Twenty participating archers, thirteen male and seven female, were recruited. The between-group factor was "adjudged skill". The within-group factor was provided by an Armchair condition in which the participants sat in an armchair for 45 min after which they were required to shoot four salvo series of three shots each, as a comparison to the Flotation-Rest condition whereby the participants were required to lie in a floating-tank for 45 min just prior to shooting. Results indicated that: (a) the participants experienced less perceived exertion during marksmanship in the floating condition, (b) the elite archers performed more consistently in the Flotation-REST condition, (c) the least and most proficient archers had lower muscle tension in the Extensor Digitorum in the Flotation REST condition
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Norlander, T, et al.
(författare)
-
The relationship of nasal polyps, infection, and inflammation
- 1999
-
Ingår i: American journal of rhinology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1050-6586 .- 1539-6290. ; 13:5, s. 349-355
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of infection as cause or effect in nasal polyps is debated. In experimentally induced sinusitis in rabbits, polyps are frequent. The initial polyp formation sequence involves multiple epithelial disruptions with proliferating granulation tissue. Regenerating epithelial branches spread into the underlying connective tissue, where intraepithelial microcavities give rise to a polyp body from the adjacent mucosa. Clinical as well as experimental studies indicate that nasal polyp formation and growth are activated and perpetuated by an integrated process of mucosal epithelium, matrix, and inflammatory cells, which in turn may be initiated by both infectious and noninfectious inflammation. The complexity of the pathophysiologic events in nasal polyposis is reinforced by the finding that epithelial desquamation, combined with infection or inflammation, will initiate polyp formation. Systemic glucocorticosteroids inhibit polyp formation as well as growth of pathogenic bacteria in the sinuses of rabbits with experimental infection. Therapeutic use of corticosteroids in polyp disease, combined with antibiotics or surgery, should be modified in relation to long-term progression, intensity variations, and predisposing conditions.
|
|
| 50. |
- Nurmi, Bo, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
The importance of reflection : An exploratory analysis on how prospective psychotherapists learn self-determination
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Open Psychology Journal. - Sharjah : Bentham Open. - 1874-3501. ; 12:1, s. 197-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Learning to become a psychotherapist is a complicated process. Research on this topic has been limited and there is little consensus on how to assess therapeutic skills. SP/SR (Self-Reflection/Self-Practice) has emerged as a theory and method for learning psychotherapy. In this article students’ reflections on how to become a psychotherapist has been studied from a phenomenological perspective. Objective: The aim of the present exploratory study was to generate preliminary hypotheses for future investigations in order to elucidate the complicated processes that occur during the therapist training programs. Methods: Five prospective psychotherapists were recruited to the present investigation, who all studied at the penultimate semester at Evidens University College, Gothenburg, Sweden. Unstructured qualitative in-depth interviews were used followed by phenomenological analysis. Results: Analysis yielded 252 meaning units and 12 categories which in turn led to four overarching themes: Learning as a visit to the dentist (when learning becomes painful because certain issues are not resolved); Learning as theatre (when the students just perform what is expected in order to pass); Learning as post-training soreness (when the learning process is challenging on a relevant level); Learning as reflections (when the students seek the intrinsic meaning). Conclusion: The study provided a basis for preliminary hypotheses for future investigations: reflections are helpful for managing the challenges described in the four themes. This, in turn, led to the formulation of some proposals for research questions for future investigations. © 2019 Psychotherapist et al.
|
|
