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Sökning: WFRF:(Ny Lars) > (2005-2009)

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1.
  • Bove, Mogens, 1949, et al. (författare)
  • Acid challenge to the esophageal mucosa: effects on local nitric oxide formation and its relation to epithelial functions
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Dig Dis Sci. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568. ; 50:4, s. 640-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To evaluate the effect of esophageal acid exposure on epithelial function, transmucosal potential, histopathological markers of acute tissue damage, and local nitric oxide production were examined in healthy volunteers treated with proton pump inhibitors (group I), patients with treated reflux disease (group II), and patients with untreated erosive reflux disease (group III). The participants were randomized to esophageal perfusion with either saline or HCl. Denominators of acute acid exposure were balloon cells in superficial layers and superficial densification. The nitric oxide concentrations in groups I to III increased from < 1, 10.0+/-10.0, and 20.6+/-19.9 ppb, respectively, to 300+/-80, 1360+/-1080, and 920+/-700 ppb after HCl infusion (P < 0.001). Inducible nitric oxide synthase was consistently expressed in the epithelium. Blood flow was lower among reflux patients but did not correlate with acid exposure or nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is formed following acid perfusion and predominantly in gastroesophageal reflux disease.
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2.
  • Bove, Mogens, 1949, et al. (författare)
  • Acid challenge to the human esophageal mucosa: effects on epithelial architecture in health and disease
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Dig Dis Sci. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568. ; 50:8, s. 1488-96
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The histological changes that occur in the squamous epithelium in response to acute acid challenge was examined in healthy controls and proton pump inhibitor-treated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients and related to the state of untreated erosive GERD in a saline-controlled, randomized perfusion study. In the basal state a stepwise significant increase in the thickness of the basal cell layer, papillary length, and dilatation of intercellular spaces (DIS) was seen when the three groups were compared. Acid perfusion induced a slight increase in the height of the basal cell layer mainly in healthy volunteers; this layer appears to be reactive to acute acid challenge as well as to acid suppressive therapy. DIS increases promptly in response to acute acid exposure in the healthy epithelium but no changes were seen in the lengths of the papillae or regarding DIS in the GERD patients. A protective effect of luminal nitric oxide on DIS development is suggested.
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3.
  • Bove, Mogens, 1949, et al. (författare)
  • Epithelial barrier integrity and intraluminal nitric oxide production in response to acid perfusion of the ferret oesophagus
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Acta Physiol Scand. - 0001-6772. ; 183:2, s. 211-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: To evaluate the source and role of acid-induced intraluminal nitric oxide (NO) production in the oesophagus by studying how the exposure of the oesophagus to acid affects NO release, via the NO-producing enzyme NO synthase and its relation to changes in epithelial barrier integrity. METHODS: Ferrets were anaesthetized and their oesophagi were divided at both ends. The test subjects were pre-treated with the intravenous NO synthase inhibitors N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 mg kg(-1)) and 1400W (12 mg kg(-1)). Untreated and N(G)-nitro-D-arginine-methyl ester pre-treated (D-NAME, 100 mg kg(-1)) animals served as controls. The oesophagus was then perfused with either HCl (0.1 m) or physiological saline for 20 min. The intraluminal NO concentration was determined before and after the acid/saline infusion while the transmucosal potential difference (PD) was monitored continuously. Oesophageal biopsies were examined for expression of inducible NO synthase using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The intraluminal NO concentration increased after acid exposure. This was blocked by L-NAME and 1400W, but not by D-NAME. The peak PD response was not affected by agents affecting NO synthesis, while the plateau response was attenuated by L-NAME, D-NAME and 1400W. Immunohistochemistry revealed inducible NO synthase expression in the epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Exposing the ferret oesophageal mucosa to acid elicited an increase in juxtamucosal NO formation through the activation of inducible NO synthase. The corresponding electrophysiological observations suggested an association between mucosal NO production and epithelial integrity.
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5.
  • Ny, Lars, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • A magnetic resonance imaging study of intestinal dilation in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice deficient in nitric oxide synthase.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. - 1476-1645. ; 79:5, s. 760-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi causes megasyndromes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor alterations in the GI tract of T. cruzi-infected mice, and to assess the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of intestinal dilation. Brazil strain-infected C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice exhibited dilatation of the intestines by 30 days post-infection. Average intestine lumen diameter increased by 72%. Levels of intestinal NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, NOS2 and NOS3, were elevated in infected WT mice. Inflammation and ganglionitis were observed in all infected mice. Intestinal dilation was observed in infected WT, NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 null mice. This study demonstrates that MRI is a useful tool to monitor intestinal dilation in living mice and that these alterations may begin during acute infection. Furthermore, our data strongly suggests that NO may not be the sole contributor to intestinal dysfunction resulting from this infection.
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7.
  • Ny, Pernilla, et al. (författare)
  • Middle Eastern mothers in Sweden, their experiences of the maternal health
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Reproductive Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1742-4755. ; :4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Traditional patterns relating to how to handle pregnancy and birth are often challenged due to migration. The purpose of this study was to describe Middle Eastern mothers’ experiences of the maternal health care services in Sweden and the involvement of their male partner. Methods: Thirteen immigrant mothers from the Middle East who had used the maternal health services in Sweden were interviewed using focus group discussions and individual interviews. These were taped, transcribed and analysed according to Content analysis. Results: The four main categories that developed were: • Access to the professional midwife • Useful counselling • Stable motherhood in transition • Being a family living in a different culture Conclusion: According to the respondents in this study, understanding the woman’s native language or her culture was not vital to develop a good relationship with the midwife. Instead the immigrant woman developed trust in the midwife based on the knowledge and the empathy the midwife imparted. Increasing the amount of first trimester antenatal visits could avoid spontaneous visits to the emergency clinic. There was a greater need for involvement and support by the father during the perinatal period, such as caring for older children and carrying out household chores since the mothers’ earlier female network was often lost. Clinical implicationsThere is a need to involve immigrant parents in the available parental education in order to prepare them for parenthood in their new country as well as to explore their altered family situation. Collecting immigrant women and their partner’s, experiences of maternal health care services offers a possibility to improve the existing care, both in content, access and availability where the timing of visits and content require further evaluation.
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8.
  • Ny, Pernilla, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Middle Eastern mothers in Sweden, their experiences of the maternal health service and their partners involvement
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Reproductive Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1742-4755 .- 1742-4755. ; 4:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Traditional patterns relating to how to handle pregnancy and birth are often challenged due to migration. The purpose of this study was to describe Middle Eastern mothers' experiences of the maternal health care services in Sweden and the involvement of their male partner. Methods Thirteen immigrant mothers from the Middle East who had used the maternal health services in Sweden were interviewed using focus group discussions and individual interviews. These were taped, transcribed and analysed according to Content analysis. Results The four main categories that developed were: • Access to the professional midwife • Useful counselling • Stable motherhood in transition • Being a family living in a different culture Conclusion According to the respondents in this study, understanding the woman's native language or her culture was not vital to develop a good relationship with the midwife. Instead the immigrant woman developed trust in the midwife based on the knowledge and the empathy the midwife imparted. Increasing the amount of first trimester antenatal visits could avoid spontaneous visits to the emergency clinic. There was a greater need for involvement and support by the father during the perinatal period, such as caring for older children and carrying out household chores since the mothers' earlier female network was often lost. Clinical implications There is a need to involve immigrant parents in the available parental education in order to prepare them for parenthood in their new country as well as to explore their altered family situation. Collecting immigrant women and their partner's, experiences of maternal health care services offers a possibility to improve the existing care, both in content, access and availability where the timing of visits and content require further evaluation.
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9.
  • Ny, Pernilla, et al. (författare)
  • Middle Eastern mothers in Sweden, their experiences of the maternal health service and their partners involvement
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Reproductive Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-4755. ; 4:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Traditional patterns relating to how to handle pregnancy and birth are often challenged due to migration. The purpose of this study was to describe Middle Eastern mothers' experiences of the maternal health care services in Sweden and the involvement of their male partner. METHODS: Thirteen immigrant mothers from the Middle East who had used the maternal health services in Sweden were interviewed using focus group discussions and individual interviews. These were taped, transcribed and analysed according to Content analysis. RESULTS: The four main categories that developed were:* Access to the professional midwife* Useful counselling* Stable motherhood in transition* Being a family living in a different culture CONCLUSION: According to the respondents in this study, understanding the woman's native language or her culture was not vital to develop a good relationship with the midwife. Instead the immigrant woman developed trust in the midwife based on the knowledge and the empathy the midwife imparted.Increasing the amount of first trimester antenatal visits could avoid spontaneous visits to the emergency clinic. There was a greater need for involvement and support by the father during the perinatal period, such as caring for older children and carrying out household chores since the mothers' earlier female network was often lost. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: There is a need to involve immigrant parents in the available parental education in order to prepare them for parenthood in their new country as well as to explore their altered family situation. Collecting immigrant women and their partner's, experiences of maternal health care services offers a possibility to improve the existing care, both in content, access and availability where the timing of visits and content require further evaluation.
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11.
  • Ny, Pernilla, et al. (författare)
  • The experience of Middle Eastern men living in Sweden of maternal and child health care and fatherhood: focus-group discussions and content analysis.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3099 .- 0266-6138. ; 24:3, s. 281-290
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective To describe how men from the Middle East experience Swedish maternity and child health care. An integral part of the aim of this study has also been to describe the experiences of men from the Middle East when becoming and being a father in Sweden. Design, setting and participants an exploratory, qualitative study using focus-group discussions and individual interviews, with a semi-structured interview guide and content analysis. A total of 16 men participated. Ten Arabic-speaking men from the Middle East living in Sweden participated in three focus-group discussions. Six men from the Middle East living in Sweden, and speaking Swedish, participated in individual interviews. Findings three main categories were developed: meeting empathic professionals; finding new positions within the family; and experiencing social demands. Key conclusions and implications for practice seeing their partners being met individually and with empathy by midwives and child health-care nurses encouraged men to become involved in areas not previously open to them (i.e. pregnancy, childbirth and the care of babies and young children). As the women often lacked knowledge of Swedish, they depended on the help of their partners when meeting maternity and child health-care professionals. The men found the experience of living in an alien country difficult. They were often unemployed, felt they were a burden to their wives after emigrating to Sweden, and that they were no longer a suitable role model for their children.
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12.
  • Petruson, Karin, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Nitric oxide production in the sphenoidal sinus by the inducible and constitutive isozymes of nitric oxide synthase
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729. ; 43:1, s. 18-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To study the production of nitric oxide (NO), and the presence of different isoforms of the NO-synthesising enzyme, NO-synthase (NOS), in the paranasal sinus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients, undergoing surgery for pituitary adenoma, were examined for the presence of NO gas in the sphenoidal and maxillary sinus. The distribution of different NOS isozymes in mucosal biopsies from sphenoid and maxillary sinus and ethmoidal cells was studied. RESULTS: The mean concentration of NO was 2575 ppb in the sphenoidal sinus and 6792 ppb in the maxillary sinus. Morphological analyses revealed intense NADPH-diaphorase staining throughout the epithelium. Immunoreactivity against NOS2 (inducible NOS) was observed in the apical cell layer but not of the basal layer. NOS1 (neuronal NOS)-immunoreactivity was mainly seen in the subapical part of the epithelium and NOS3 (endothelial NOS)-immunoreactivity was observed only in the most apical part of the epithelium. CONCLUSION: NO concentration in the sphenoidal sinus is about the same as in the nasal cavity and approximately half of the concentration found in the maxillary sinus. All of the three main different isozymes of NOS can be demonstrated in the mucosa of the sphenoidal and maxillary sinus and ethmoidal cells, NOS2 being the most abundant isoform.
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14.
  • Wallerstedt, Susanna Maria, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Reporting of adverse drug reactions may be influenced by feedback to the reporting doctor
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Eur J Clin Pharmacol. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6970. ; 63:5, s. 505-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate two different feedback alternatives to doctors reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) concerning (1) effects on reporting rates and (2) doctors' opinions. METHODS: When reporting an ADR during January through March 2006, doctors in the western part of Sweden were randomised according to working address to receive feedback I or feedback II. Feedback I consisted of the conventional mode of feedback. Feedback II consisted of the contents of feedback I supplemented with information on the reported drug from the regional drug information centre. A questionnaire was administered 2 weeks after the feedback. The doctors were asked to give their opinion on the feedback concerning amount of information, quality and overall impression on a 6-point scale, where 1 corresponded to too little/very bad and 6 to too much/very good. During the inclusion period and the 6-month follow-up period, additional ADR reports originating from receivers of either feedback I or II were identified and compared. RESULTS: Sixty-six doctors received feedback I, and 49 received feedback II. The number of doctors reporting more than once was greater in the group receiving feedback II (39% vs. 22%; P = 0.039). Feedback II was judged to contain more information than feedback I (4.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.9; P = 0.014). No difference between the feedback alternatives concerning doctors' opinions on quality and overall impression could be detected. Sixty-five doctors (70%) stated that the content of the feedback letter could affect their willingness to report ADRs. CONCLUSION: The content of the feedback to doctors reporting ADRs may influence reporting rates.
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15.
  • Wallerstedt, Susanna Maria, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Risk of clinically relevant bleeding in warfarin-treated patients--influence of SSRI treatment.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. - : Wiley. - 1099-1557 .- 1053-8569. ; 18:5, s. 412-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: To investigate the risk of clinically relevant bleeding in warfarin-treated patients with or without concomitant treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). METHODS: A cohort study was performed in patients treated with warfarin due to atrial fibrillation. Exposed patients were defined as patients treated with SSRI at any time between January 1999 and September 2005 (n = 117). Unexposed patients without SSRI-treatment were randomly selected and matched for age and sex (1:1). The primary endpoint was hospital admission due to bleeding during the same time period. RESULTS: Bleeding occurred in 17 exposed patients (totally 23 bleedings) and in two unexposed patients (totally two bleedings) (p = 0.0003). A total of 11 bleedings occurred during treatment with the combination of warfarin and SSRI, and 14 during treatment with warfarin only. The total incidences of bleedings per 1000 treatment years were 51.4 (25.7-92.0) and 23.9 (13.1-40.1), respectively, and the unadjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.15 (0.88-5.11). Cox regression analysis including first bleedings revealed an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.49 (1.37-8.91) for bleeding during treatment with a combination of SSRI and warfarin compared with treatment with warfarin only. Initiation of SSRI therapy was not associated with a change in dose of warfarin or with a change in international normalized ratio (INR) (p = 0.48 and p = 0.31, respectively). CONCLUSION: Addition of SSRI to warfarin-treated patients may be associated with an increased risk of clinically relevant bleeding. The effect seems not to be associated with a direct influence of SSRI on the anti-coagulant activity of warfarin.
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