| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Hibar, Derrek P., et al.
(författare)
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Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (r(g) = -0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
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| 3. |
- Billaud Feragen, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 10. Parental perceptions of appearance and treatment outcomes in their 5-year-old child
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 81-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: Few studies have explored childrens emotional and behavioural reactions to cleft surgery and treatment-related stress. The objective was to investigate parents evaluations of appearance and treatment outcomes in their 5-year-old child with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and their perceptions of how their child was coping with treatment, comparing this information with recorded postsurgical complications.Design: Three parallel group randomised clinical trials were undertaken as an international multicentre study by 10 cleft teams in five countries: Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and the UK.Methods: Three different surgical procedures for primary palatal repair were tested against a common procedure in the total cohort of 448 children born with a non-syndromic UCLP. A total of 356 parents completed the Scandcleft Parent Questionnaire, and 346 parents completed the Cleft Evaluation Profile.Results: The results indicated that the majority of parents were satisfied with cleft-related features of their childs appearance. Further, most children coped well with treatment according to their parents. Nevertheless, 17.5% of the children showed minor or short-term reactions after treatment experiences, and 2% had major or lasting difficulties. There were no significant relationships between parent perceptions of treatment-related problems and the occurrence of post-surgical medical complications.Conclusions: Most parents reported satisfaction with their childs appearance. However, treatment-related problems were described in some children, urging cleft centres to be aware of potential negative emotional and behavioural reactions to treatment in some young children, with a view to preventing the development of more severe treatment-related anxiety.
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| 4. |
- Burman, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Digital humaniora utmanar biblioteket
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Diskussion om vad digital humaniora (DH) betyder för biblioteken. Hur påverkar det den kompetens och infrastruktur som behövs för att stödja forskning och utbildning inom DH. Vad det kan få för konsekvenser för hur man organiserar arbetet.
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| 5. |
- Burman, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Making Sense of Digital Humanities at the Library
- 2019
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Ingår i: Book of abstracts 4th Conference of The Association Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction. Digitisation of information and methods has brought new possibilities and challenges into all aspects of society and a direction of continued advances is readily apparent in strategic initiatives all the way from European and national funding to directives at individual academic institutions in Sweden. Resources that used to be available only in physical archives are becoming more freely accessible on the internet, far beyond the walls of the library, and in formats that can be read and interpreted by apps and algorithms.Nine years ago, digital humanities (DH) was described as “the next big thing” and the concept has later been compared to an allegory of the future of the humanities (Liu, 2012). Today library employees encounter the term in their interactions with education and research alike. The process of understanding and framing the challenges and possibilities that DH has brought into the library has been a topic in parallel initiatives at Linköping University Library and at Uppsala University Library.Questions. The purpose of this paper is to draw on the experience of academic libraries to frame the challenges and possibilities of supporting DH in a Nordic context. The paper aims to answer to the following questions from a Nordic academic library perspective:How do we understand to the notion of DH in the library?How do we (re)organise to support researchers and students in DH?Background. Burdick (2012) writes that DH has encouraged new ways of conducting research in the humanities and that a possible effect is that traditional boundaries start to blur as collaborations between disciplines form. And the exploding wealth of computers, mobile devices and new communication channels enables global knowledge creation and sharing (Nyberg et al, 2012). As a consequence, the intersection of digital methods, technology and humanities can expand and enhance humanities research with increased accessibility both within and beyond the academic context (Burdick, 2012). Drucker et.al. (2013) and Raffaghelli et.al. (2013) describes DH as a mix of humanities and digital technology. Svensson (2010) define a Centre for Digital Humanities as the place or event where new knowledge is created in the humanities, with digital methods, media and technology. The idea of a place for DH has since been realised in Swedish universities e.g. in Umeå (Humlab) and Lund (Humanities Lab), and the idea of a DH lab is a recognised idea of how DH can be executed.Within the library context, the characteristics of the sources and data formats that researchers in the humanities are working with are changing and it is possible to study significantly larger collections of pictures and texts than before (Liu, 2012). The fact that DH is a complex notion and that the conditions are quickly changing with new technology means that libraries have to develop readiness to meet the needs of today as well as those of tomorrow (Sula, 2013).Svensson (2010) describes the library as a form of laboratory for humanities research and that knowledge in building collections, information science and IT make libraries a natural and important infrastructure for DH. Zhang et al (2015) studied how information experts can contribute in DH projects and underline the importance of expertise in storage and access, publishing, search, training and innovation. Green (2014) conducted case studies involving five libraries in the USA and show that a close collaboration with the library is necessary to optimise the research process. Wong (2016) stresses the strength in gathering experts and specialists from different fields as a part of bringing DH to its full potential.Approach. This paper stems from the experience of practitioners who have been involved in efforts to organise support for DH at two academic libraries in Sweden. The discussion and conclusions are supported by the results ofconducting lightly structured interviews, semi-structured observations and document analysis at libraries in the Sweden, Denmark, and the USAsurveying how libraries in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland describe their work related to DHdesigning and evaluating DH-related activities for students and researchers at Uppsala University LibraryThe results are interpreted with a life-cycle perspective on research and education and focus on organisation, actors, activities, services, tools and spaces.Findings. We confirm that Sula’s (2013) description of DH as a complex notion is valid in the Nordic academic library context as the results show that different people attribute the term with different meanings. There were libraries labelling themselves as not actively supporting DH, while at the same time describing activities that could just as well indicate that they are indeed active. We suggest that it may be useful for libraries to focus on emerging needs in relation to digital sources and methods, interdisciplinary research support, and new media for scholarly communications.The result also showed that the surveyed Nordic academic libraries were at an early stage of organising work to support DH and predominantly positioned their activities as collaborations with researchers or participation in networks. Contrasting with the results from academic libraries where DH practices are already well established, we suggest that Nordic libraries can organise to support DH byPositioning staff/services close to active research and education with elements of DHFraming DH activities in the context of today’s goals and responsibilitiesEngaging staff with technical skills, subject expertise and a learning mindset (Lewis et al, 2015) in DH projects, labs and eventsCreating digital and physical spaces to support DH tools and practicesAdopting and sharing practices and expertise with other libraries and academic infrastructures
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| 6. |
- Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, et al.
(författare)
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An integrative research framework to unravel the interplay of natural hazards and vulnerabilities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Earth's Future. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2328-4277. ; 6:3, s. 305-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change, globalization, urbanization, social isolation, and increased interconnectednessbetween physical, human, and technological systems pose major challenges to disaster risk reduction(DRR). Subsequently, economic losses caused by natural hazards are increasing in many regions of theworld, despite scientific progress, persistent policy action, and international cooperation. We argue thatthese dramatic figures call for novel scientific approaches and new types of data collection to integratethe two main approaches that still dominate the science underpinning DRR: the hazard paradigm and thevulnerability paradigm. Building from these two approaches, here we propose a research framework thatspecifies the scope of enquiry, concepts, and general relations among phenomena. We then discuss theessential steps to advance systematic empirical research and evidence-based DRR policy action.
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| 7. |
- Elinder, Liselotte Schäfer, et al.
(författare)
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A Healthy School Start Plus for prevention of childhood overweight and obesity in disadvantaged areas through parental support in the school setting - study protocol for a parallel group cluster randomised trial.
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews conclude that interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in children obtain stronger effects when parents are involved. Parenting practices and parent-child interactions shape children's health-related behaviours. The Healthy School Start Plus intervention aims to promote healthy dietary habits and physical activity and prevent obesity in children through parental support in disadvantaged areas with increased health needs, delivered by teachers and school nurses. This protocol describes the design, outcome and process evaluation of the study.METHODS: Effectiveness of the intervention is compared to standard care within school health services. The 6-month programme, based on Social Cognitive Theory, consists of four components: 1) Health information to parents regarding the child; 2) Motivational Interviewing with the parents by the school nurse concerning the child; 3) classroom activities for the children by teachers; and 4) a web-based self-test of type-2 diabetes risk by parents. Effects will be studied in a cluster randomised trial including 17 schools and 352 six-year old children. The primary outcome is dietary intake of indicator foods, and secondary outcomes are physical activity, sedentary behaviour and BMI. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, at 6 months directly after the intervention, and at follow-up 18 months post baseline. Statistical analysis will be by mixed-effect regression analysis according to intention to treat and per protocol. Mediation analysis will be performed with parental self-efficacy and parenting practices. Quantitative and qualitative methods will be used to study implementation in terms of dose, fidelity, feasibility and acceptability. The hypothesis is that the programme will be more effective than standard care and feasible to perform in the school context.DISCUSSION: The programme is in line with the cumulated evidence regarding the prevention of childhood obesity: That schools should be a focal point of prevention efforts, interventions should involve multiple components, and include the home environment. If effective, it will fill a knowledge gap concerning evidence-based health promotion practice within school health services to prevent obesity, and in the long term reduce social inequalities in health.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was retrospectively registered on January 4, 2018 and available online at ClinicalTrials.gov : No. NCT03390725 .
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Feragen, Kristin, Billaud, et al.
(författare)
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Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and Palate: 9. Parental report of social and emotional experiences related to their 5-year-old child's cleft diagnosis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 73-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim:Parents of children with a cleft lip and palate may be emotionally affected by the child’s diagnosis. Their experiences and perceptions are important when evaluating the complexity of satisfactory treatment outcomes. The objective was to examine parents’ social and emotional experiences related to their child’s cleft diagnosis, and their perceptions of the child’s adjustment to living with a visible difference. Design:International multicentre study by 10 cleft teams in five countries: Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and the UK. Methods:A cohort of 448 children born with a non-syndromic UCLP were included. A total of 356 parents completed the Scandcleft Parent Questionnaire. Results:The majority of parents experienced practical and emotional support from family, friends, and health professionals. Nevertheless, parents had to cope with other people’s reactions to the cleft, experiences that were described as ranging from hurtful to neutral and/or positive. According to parents, 39% of the children had experienced cleft-related comments and/or teasing. More than half of the parents reported specific worries related to their child’s future. Conclusion:While the majority of the parents experienced positive support and coped well with the child’s diagnosis, some parents were at risk for psychological and emotional challenges that should be identified by the cleft team. To optimise outcomes and the child’s adjustment, these parents should be offered psychological support when necessary. Trial registration:ISRCTN29932826. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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| 10. |
- Jönsson, André, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling, implementation and evaluation of IEEE 802.11ac in NS-3 for enterprise networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: IFIP Wireless Days. - 9781509024940 ; 2016-April
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we implement features for IEEE 802.11ac in the NS-3 simulator, in particular wider channels and bit-error calculations for higher modulation coding schemes. We also implement four wireless LAN deployment scenarios from the 802.11ax working group scenario document, and evaluate their performance under different operating conditions. Our simulation results demonstrate that many nodes in an enterprise network will yield lower average throughput to each AP and several APs on the same channel will create unreliable networks with some stations getting high throughput and some not able to send at all. Significant improvement in throughput was also observed with the use of frame aggregation.
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| 11. |
- Lindblad, Emma, 1981-
(författare)
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Looking vanlig; neither too much nor too little : A study of consumption of clothing among mainstream youth in a Swedish small town
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies consumption among young people who identify as mainstreamers in a Swedish small town. In order to map patterns of clothing consumption and to understand what was central in the young people’s self-identification, the research was conducted using a mix of ethnographic methods and wardrobe studies. This is an inverted study of the subcultural, that problematizes the assumption that the majority (the mainstream) and the minority (the countercultural) are opposites when it comes to identity creation. The central concepts used here are ordinary (vanlig), mainstream, and subculture. One of the main findings is that the youth studied self-identify as ordinary. This finding is used to problematize not only the traditional markers of masculinity and femininity as they present themselves in this context, but also what is characterized as new patterns of consumption. There are two main conclusions. First, being mainstream and ordinary was not a static identity position, as the literature would have it; instead, being an ordinary mainstreamer required constant work in order to stay within certain culturally negotiated boundaries. Second, the ethnographic findings contribute in the field of subcultural studies by questioning the convention of portraying the mainstream and the subcultural as polar opposites: contrary to the literature, it is argued that neither is so very different from the other, making it an unhelpful dichotomy in understanding young people today.
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| 12. |
- Lundell, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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A Routing Protocol for LoRA Mesh Networks
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 19th International Symposium on "A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks" (WoWMoM). - 9781538647257
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A limitation of current LoRa networks is their single-hop nature. This causes difficulties in areas with poor Internet access, such as remote rural areas, or challenging radio environments, for example in metropolitan areas, as the LoRa gateway must be placed at a location with backhaul access to the network server, but must nonetheless be reachable by all end devices. To facilitate these applications, we present a new routing protocol to enable mesh networking with LoRa, allowing for multihop networking between gateways to extend coverage. Our protocol is tailored specifically to the requirements of LoRa networks. We have developed a proof-of-concept implementation of the protocol and have shown its effectiveness in both laboratory tests and a field trial in a real-world LoRa deployment.
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| 13. |
- Semb, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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A Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 1. Planning and management.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 2-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Longstanding uncertainty surrounds the selection of surgical protocols for the closure of unilateral cleft lip and palate, and randomised trials have only rarely been performed. This paper is an introduction to three randomised trials of primary surgery for children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). It presents the protocol developed for the trials in CONSORT format, and describes the management structure that was developed to achieve the long-term engagement and commitment required to complete the project.METHOD: Ten established national or regional cleft centres participated. Lip and soft palate closure at 3-4 months, and hard palate closure at 12 months served as a common method in each trial. Trial 1 compared this with hard palate closure at 36 months. Trial 2 compared it with lip closure at 3-4 months and hard and soft palate closure at 12 months. Trial 3 compared it with lip and hard palate closure at 3-4 months and soft palate closure at 12 months. The primary outcomes were speech and dentofacial development, with a series of perioperative and longer-term secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Recruitment of 448 infants took place over a 9-year period, with 99.8% subsequent retention at 5 years.CONCLUSION: The series of reports that follow this introductory paper include comparisons at age 5 of surgical outcomes, speech outcomes, measures of dentofacial development and appearance, and parental satisfaction. The outcomes recorded and the numbers analysed for each outcome and time point are described in the series.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN29932826.
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| 14. |
- Säfsten, Eleonor, et al.
(författare)
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The intake of selected foods by six-year-old Swedish children differs according to parental education and migration status.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 105:4, s. 421-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Little is known about how parental migration status may be associated with children's diets. We examined whether the intake of selected foods by six-year-old children differed according to their parents' migration status, taking education level into account.METHODS: This study used pooled baseline data from two clustered randomised controlled trials of A Healthy School Start, conducted in municipalities of low-to-medium socio-economic status in Stockholm County, Sweden. The children's intake of selected healthy and unhealthy foods was reported by parents using the Eating and Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the children's height and weight were measured. Parental education and country of birth were self-reported.RESULTS: Data were available for 520 children. Low parental education was associated with significantly higher intakes of fruit, higher intakes of several unhealthy foods and lower intakes of vegetables. Children of parents born outside the Nordic region had higher intakes of all unhealthy foods as well as fruit and vegetables, even when adjusted for education. A negative association between high education and overweight was only seen in children of Nordic-born parents.CONCLUSION: Parental migration status was a strong predictor of the intake of selected foods and was a stronger predictor than parental education.
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