| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
|
|
| 2. |
- Borota, Ljubisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Dual lumen balloon catheter - An effective substitute for two single lumen catheters in treatment of vascular targets with challenging anatomy
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of clinical neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-5868 .- 1532-2653. ; 51, s. 91-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe our experience in the treatment of various pathological conditions of the cranial and spinal blood vessels and hypervascularized lesions using dual lumen balloon catheters. Twenty-five patients were treated with endovascular techniques: two with vasospasm of cerebral blood vessels caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage, one with a hypervascularized metastasis in the vertebral body, two with spinal dural fistula, four with cerebral dural fistula, three with cerebral arteriovenous malformations, and 13 with aneurysms. The dual lumen balloon catheters were used for remodeling of the coil mesh, injection of various liquid embolic agents, particles and nimodipine, for the prevention of reflux and deployment of coils and stents. The diameter of catheterized blood vessels varied from 0.7 mm to 4 mm. Two complications occurred: perforation of an aneurysm in one case and gluing of the tip of balloon catheter by embolic material in another case. All other interventions were uneventful, and therapeutic goals were achieved in all cases except in the case with gluing of the tip of balloon catheter. The balloons effectively prevented reflux regardless of the type of the embolic material and diameter of blood vessel. The results of our study show that dual lumen balloon catheters allow complex interventions in the narrow cerebral and spinal blood vessels where the safe use of two single lumen catheters is either limited or impossible.
|
|
| 3. |
- Borota, Ljubisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Spot fluoroscopy : a novel innovative approach to reduce radiation dose in neurointerventional procedures
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 58:5, s. 600-608
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increased interest in radiation dose reduction in neurointerventional procedures has led to the development of a method called "spot fluoroscopy" (SF), which enables the operator to collimate a rectangular or square region of interest anywhere within the general field of view. This has potential advantages over conventional collimation, which is limited to symmetric collimation centered over the field of view.PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of SF on the radiation dose.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with intracranial aneurysms were treated with endovascular coiling. SF was used in 16 patients and conventional fluoroscopy in 19. The following parameters were analyzed: the total fluoroscopic time, the total air kerma, the total fluoroscopic dose-area product, and the fluoroscopic dose-area product rate. Statistical differences were determined using the Welch's t-test.RESULTS: The use of SF led to a reduction of 50% of the total fluoroscopic dose-area product (CF = 106.21 Gycm(2), SD = 99.06 Gycm(2) versus SF = 51.80 Gycm(2), SD = 21.03 Gycm(2), p = 0.003884) and significant reduction of the total fluoroscopic dose-area product rate (CF = 1.42 Gycm(2)/min, SD = 0.57 Gycm(2)/s versus SF = 0.83 Gycm(2)/min, SD = 0.37 Gycm(2)/min, p = 0.00106). The use of SF did not lead to an increase in fluoroscopy time or an increase in total fluoroscopic cumulative air kerma, regardless of collimation.CONCLUSION: The SF function is a new and promising tool for reduction of the radiation dose during neurointerventional procedures.
|
|
| 4. |
- Danielsson, Gun, et al.
(författare)
-
Bladder health in patients treated with BCG instillations for T1G2-G3 bladder cancer - a follow-up five years after the start of treatment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 52:5-6, s. 377-384
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Investigate symptoms and how they affect daily life in patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations.Materials and methods: Patients treated with BCG were included. After an initial transurethral resection (TURB) followed by a second-look resection, the patients were given an induction course with BCG for 6 weeks followed by maintenance therapy for 2 years. The patients answered a questionnaire before, during and after the treatment. The questionnaire contained questions about specific symptoms combined with bother questions on how each symptom affected patients’ life.Results: In total, 113 of 116 patients responded to the first questionnaire. Thirty per cent of all patients were bothered by disease-specific symptoms before the start of BCG. Few patients reported fever, haematuria, illness or urinary tract symptoms. No difference in symptoms was found between patients with or without concomitant CIS (carcinoma in situ). Patients younger than 65 years of age reported a greater worry about the symptom burden in the future than those who were older. Patients younger than 65 years reported a decreased level of mental well-being.Conclusion: Patients with bladder cancer T1G2–G3 had disease-specific symptoms present already before the start of the BCG. The burden of symptoms was reduced over time and showed that the bladder might recover. BCG instillations had side-effects that negatively affected the patient’s well-being. It is important to record the patients’ baseline bladder and voiding status before as well as during the BCG-instillation period in order to understand symptoms caused by the treatment.
|
|
| 5. |
- Drevenhorn, Eva, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of hypertensive patients' self-care agency after counseling training of nurses
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2327-6886 .- 2327-6924. ; 27:11, s. 624-630
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe aim of the study was to assess hypertensive patients' self-care agency and any correlation with the patient's lifestyle changes and the nurse's degree of patient centeredness after counseling training. Data sourcesNurses in the intervention group (IG; n = 19) working at nurse-led clinics at health centers were trained in patient centeredness (motivational interviewing) and the stages of change model and included 137 patients. Nurses in the control group (CG; n = 14) included 51 patients. The Exercise of Self-Care Agency (ESCA) instrument was used. There was a significant difference from baseline to the 2-year follow-up in the ESCA score (IG, p = .0001). An increase in ESCA score was correlated with an increased level of physical activity after 2 years (IG, p = .0001; CG, p = .040). ConclusionsThe counseling training gave an increase in the patients' self-care agency scores, which was significantly correlated with increased physical activity. Implications for practiceIn clinical practice it is important for nurses to be patient centered in their counseling to affect patients' self-care agency in a positive direction.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Forward, Sonja, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Den svenska förarutbildningen : dagsläge och framtidsutsikter
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med den här undersökningen är att ge en djup och bred kunskapsbas rörande dagens förarutbildning. Utifrån resultaten av de fyra ingående delstudierna avser projektet i sin helhet att identifiera förändringsbehov samt bidra med förslag till förändringar och åtgärder. Flera metoder har använts för att uppnå syftet. Inledningsvis presenteras en litteraturöversikt över vilka mekanismer som ligger bakom unga körkortstagares förutsättning att bli säkra förare men också litteratur kopplat till brister och förändringsbehov i förarutbildningen. Därefter presenteras en olycksanalys av säkerhetsläget som sammanställer aktuell statistik om unga och om nyblivna förares olyckssituation och hur den har förändrats under senare år. Detta följs sedan av en sammanställning av körkorts- och provstatistik och dess utveckling över tid. I projektet ingår även en intervjustudie där elva personer intervjuades (politiker, myndighetspersoner, forskare och företrädare för trafikskolor och trafikövningsplatser). Syftet med denna delstudie var att analysera hur de ser på den nuvarande svenska förarutbildningen, samt deras egna förslag på förändringar och åtgärder. Två enkätundersökningar genomfördes. Den första riktade sig till nyblivna körkortsinnehavare i olika åldrar om deras förarutbildning medan den andra riktade sig till trafiklärare. De övergripande resultaten från denna studie visar att den allmänna diskussionen om förarutbildningen fokuserar för mycket på tid och kostnad och mindre på kvalitet, vilket inte gynnar trafiksäkerheten. Studiens rekommendationer framhäver därför att det finns behov av en mera omfattande förändring av förarutbildningen. Ett viktigt steg i detta arbete är att förbättra de pedagogiska metoderna. Dessa metoder kan sedan tillämpas inom riskutbildningarna och den mera allmänna förarutbildningen. Övriga förändringsbehov som identifierades handlar om den privata övningskörningen och en förbättrad kontakt med trafikskolan, en förbättring av kvalitén på de obligatoriska momenten, införandet av flera obligatoriska moment, kvalitetssäkring av trafikskolor och trafikövningsplatser genom ökad tillsyn och ökad samverkan mellan olika aktörer, en utveckling av förarprovet, en bättre konsensus mellan mål, innehåll/process och förarprov, en tydligare ansvarsfördelning gällande forskning och utveckling och en bättre koordinering av de olika delarna av förarutbildningen. Slutligen finns det behov av att lyfta fram förslag på ”Best practice” vilket endast kan göras om fler utvärderingar genomförs regelbundet.
|
|
| 8. |
- Forward, Sonja, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effekterna av begränsat antal handledarskap : en utvärdering
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tidigare kunde en handledare ha ett obegränsat antal godkännanden men i och med de nya föreskrifterna begränsades dessa till 15 stycken. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie är att undersöka huruvida denna begränsning har haft en effekt på den olagliga körskoleverksamheten. Ett annat viktigt syfte är att ge förslag på alternativa åtgärder för att stävja denna verksamhet. För att svara på dessa frågor har vi använt oss av tre olika angreppssätt; en registerstudie, en intervjustudie och en enkätstudie. Resultaten från intervjustudien visar att det finns en rad olika tjänster som den olagliga verksamheten erbjuder mot betalning; förfalskning av handledarintyg, handledd körträning, kunskapsprov som man filmat på plats och som andra kan få tillgång till, hjälp att svara på kunskapsfrågorna i samband med prov via en öronsnäcka och bokning av förarprov. Det vanligaste enligt de intervjuade är att man erbjuder handledning vid körträning. Hur omfattande den olagliga verksamheten är gav intervjustudien inte något entydigt svar på. Svaren varierade allt från att den är väldigt stor till liten.Resultat från enkätstudien ger dock indikationer på att det finns en olaglig verksamhet som är relativt utbredd. På frågan om regelverket haft en positiv eller negativ inverkan på den olagliga verksamheten var de intervjuade tämligen överens om att den inte haft någon effekt alls. Argumentet var att de som idag sysslar med denna verksamhet, i varje fall den grövre, är så pass raffinerade att de säkert kommer på olika sätta att kringgå även dessa regler. Trots det fanns det några som skulle vilja se en ytterligare sänkning, även om detta inte skulle räcka för att stävja den olagliga verksamheten. Man pratade då istället om att en sänkning tydligt visar att det handlar om en privat verksamhet och inte en yrkesverksamhet. Det övergripande resultatet från studierna är att en illegal verksamhet kan rubba förtroendet för det svenska körkortet. Rapporten avslutas med 16 olika åtgärdsförslag som tillsammans kan hjälpa till att stävja den olaglig verksamhet. Detta innebär att en åtgärd inte löser problemet.
|
|
| 9. |
- Forward, Sonja, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Förarprov för personbil : orsaker till den sjunkande godkännandegraden och förslag på åtgärder
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna studie är både kvalitativ och kvantitativ och har haft fyra syften: Det första syftet var att samla kunskaper med hjälp av en litteraturstudie om forskning, goda exempel och förslag på hur man hanterat problematiken med omprov. Det andra var att med hjälp av två intervjustudier och en enkätstudie undersöka orsaken till den vikande godkännandegraden hos körkortstagare för behörighet B. Det tredje syftet var att ta reda på om det fanns någon eller några specifika grupper av körkortstagare som visade på en lägre godkännandegrad. Det fjärde syftet var att utifrån resultaten presentera förslag på åtgärder som kan påverka körkortstagarens förberedelser och utbildning inför prov. Rent allmänt visar resultaten att en stor andel av körkortstagarna med underkänt prov inte är tillräckligt förberedda för provet vilket verkar bero på att de saknar förmågan att värdera sin egen förmåga. Även om själva provet är svårare än de förväntat sig anser de inte att de gjort något allvarligt fel, istället utgår de ifrån att förarprövaren varit för hård. Detta leder dem då till att boka nytt prov så fort som möjligt, och att de inte alltid övar inför nästa prov. Utifrån resultatet från denna studie presenteras en rad åtgärdsförslag som kan minska andelen omprov i framtiden.
|
|
| 10. |
- Forward, Sonja, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
Mopedungdomars trafiksäkerhet : föräldrars ansvar och engagemang
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med denna undersökning är att öka kunskapen om föräldrars betydelse för unga mopedisters beteende i trafiken, och hur man utifrån den kunskapen kan nyttja föräldrar som en resurs för ökad säkerhet för sina barn. I studien ingick tre delstudier; en litteraturgenomgång, en enkätstudie, en intervjustudie. I enkätstudien deltog 440 vårdnadshavare till tonåringar som godkänts på kunskapsprovet (AM) för att få framföra moped klass I och i intervjustudien intervjuades tio föräldrar som tidigare deltagit i enkätstudien. Resultaten från litteraturöversikten visar att föräldrar spelar en viktig roll för ungas uppfattningar, attityder, normer och beteenden i samband med mopedkörning. Föräldrar kan också på olika sätt hjälpa till att förbättra ungdomarnas kunskap och beteende i trafiken. Rent allmänt visar översikten att föräldrar behöver stöd för att kunna ta kontroll samt stöd från andra föräldrar. De huvudsakliga resultaten från enkätstudien visar att föräldrarna har en stor tilltro till tonåringen då det handlade om deras kunskaper och uppträdande i trafiken. Rent allmänt visar också resultaten att man inte samtalar speciellt mycket om mopedkörning. Vissa har infört restriktioner och då handlar det oftast om alkohol och hjälmanvändning. I denna studie var det mindre än tio procent som efterfrågade ett ökat stöd. De som behöver stöd anser inte i lika hög grad som de andra att deras tonåring uppträder på ett korrekt sätt i trafiken och de tror också att de påverkas mera av sociala medier. Även om de samtalar mer med sin tonåring om risker i trafiken så är de oftare oense. Studien visar också att synen på pojkar och flickor skiljer sig åt. Flickorna anses vara säkrare i trafiken men trots detta har flickorna fler restriktioner jämfört med pojkarna. Resultaten visar också att det finns en skillnad i synen på tonåringen som beror på vårdnadshavarens eget kön. Trots att kvinnorna värderar tonåringens kunskaper och beteende i trafiken högre än männen så har de i högre grad än männen infört restriktioner. I familjen är det kvinnorna som samtalar om risker i trafiken. Resultaten från intervjustudien visar att väldigt få föräldrar har ett behov av speciellt stöd när det gäller deras barns mopedåkning. Intervjumaterialet visar emellertid att man som förälder ändå skulle vara positiv till olika former av stöd, så som skriftlig information, utbildning och/eller informationsträffar samt internetbaserade föräldraforum. Rapporten avslutas med en rad rekommendationer, med fokus på hur man kan öka föräldrars ansvar och engagemang i trafiksäkerhetsarbetet.
|
|
| 11. |
- Frykholm, Erik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect and feasibility of non-linear periodized resistance training in people with COPD : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1745-6215. ; 20:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), limb-muscle dysfunction is one of the most troublesome systemic manifestations of the disease, which at the functional level is evidenced by reduced strength and endurance of limb muscles. Improving limb-muscle function is an important therapeutic goal of COPD management, for which resistance training is recommended. However, current guidelines for resistance training in COPD mainly focus on improving muscle strength which only reflects one aspect of limb-muscle function and does not address the issue of reduced muscle endurance. The latter is of importance considering that the reduction in limb-muscle endurance often is greater than that of muscle weakness, and also, limb-muscle endurance seems to be closer related to walking capacity as well as arm function than to limb-muscle strength within this group of people. Thus, strategies targeting multiple aspects of the decreased muscle function are warranted to increase the possibility for an optimal effect for the individual patient. Periodized resistance training, which represents a planned variation of resistance training variables (i.e., volume, intensity, frequency, etc.), is one strategy that could be used to target limb-muscle strength as well as limb-muscle endurance within the same exercise regimen.METHODS: This is an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the effect and feasibility of non-linear periodized resistance training to traditional non-periodized resistance training in people with COPD. Primary outcomes are dynamic limb-muscle strength and endurance. Secondary outcomes include static limb-muscle strength and endurance, functional performance, quality of life, dyspnea, intramuscular adaptations as well as the proportion of responders. Feasibility of the training programs will be assessed and compared on attendance rate, duration, satisfaction, drop-outs as well as occurrence and severity of any adverse events.DISCUSSION: The proposed trial will provide new knowledge to this research area by investigating and comparing the feasibility and effects of non-linear periodized resistance training compared to traditional non-periodized resistance training. If the former strategy produces larger physiological adaptations than non-periodized resistance training, this project may influence the prescription of resistance training in people with COPD.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03518723 . Registered on 13 April 2018.
|
|
| 12. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Insufficient Sleep Is Associated with Obesity and Excessive Screen Time Amongst Ten-Year-Old Children in Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0882-5963. ; 39, s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study investigated sleep, television, computer habits, and obesity in school-age children. Design and methods: This was a cross-sectional self-report survey of 1260 children in grade 4 (mean age, 10.1) living in southern Sweden (49.1% boys). The heights and weights of 1097 (87.1%) of the children were recorded. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multiple logistic regression were employed. Results: The median length of self-reported sleep on weeknights was 9.5. h. Approximately 40% of the children reported receiving <. 9. h of sleep. The median bedtime was 9. PM (21:00). On weekends, the median bedtime was 1 h later, and they delayed getting up by 1.5. h. The median time spent watching TV and using a computer was 1 h each. The prevalence of being overweight (including obesity) was 18%. Insufficient sleep (<. 9. h) was associated with being overweight, watching TV, or using a computer for two or more hours each day, difficulty falling asleep, and being tired at school. Conclusions: School-age children who receive less sleep are more likely to be overweight and report excessive television and computer use. A strong and urgent need exists to highlight the importance of healthy sleep and media habits. It is challenging for pediatric nurses and school nurses to teach children and their families about healthy sleep and media habits.
|
|
| 13. |
- Greenwood, Sarah L., et al.
(författare)
-
The Bothnian Sea ice stream : early Holocene retreat dynamics of the south-central Fennoscandian Ice Sheet
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 46:2, s. 346-362
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Gulf of Bothnia hosted a variety of palaeo-glaciodynamic environments throughout the growth and decay of the last Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, from the main ice-sheet divide to a major corridor of marine-and lacus-trine-based deglaciation. Ice streaming through the Bothnian and Baltic basins has been widely assumed, and the damming and drainage of the huge proglacial Baltic Ice Lake has been implicated in major regional and hemispheric climate changes. However, the dynamics of palaeo-ice flow and retreat in this large marine sector have until now been inferred only indirectly, from terrestrial, peripheral evidence. Recent acquisition of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry opens these basins up, for the first time, to direct investigation of their glacial footprint and palaeo-ice sheet behaviour. Here we report on a rich glacial landform record: in particular, a palaeo-ice stream pathway, abundant traces of high subglacial meltwater volumes, and widespread basal crevasse squeeze ridges. The Bothnian Sea ice stream is a narrow flow corridor that was directed southward through the basin to a terminal zone in the south-central Bothnian Sea. It was activated after initial margin retreat across the Aland sill and into the Bothnian basin, and the exclusive association of the ice-stream pathway with crevasse squeeze ridges leads us to interpret a short-lived stream event, under high extension, followed by rapid crevasse-triggered break-up. We link this event with a c. 150-year ice-rafted debris signal in peripheral varved records, at c. 10.67 cal. ka BP. Furthermore, the extensive glacifluvial system throughout the Bothnian Sea calls for considerable input of surface meltwater. We interpret strongly atmospherically driven retreat of this marine-based ice-sheet sector.
|
|
| 14. |
- Hammar, Arvid, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
THz smooth-walled spline horn antennas: Design, manufacturing and measurements
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, APSURSI 2016, Fajardo, Puerto Rico, 26 June - 1 July 2016. - 1947-1491. - 9781509028863 ; , s. 1341-1342
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a versatile and cost-efficient method for producing smooth-walled spline horn antennas for applications in THz radiometry. Specifically, the development of four different horns for radiometer receiver applications at frequencies 120, 183, 340 and 874 GHz is presented. General methods for efficient optimization of the spline profiles have been developed which enable the horn designs to be tailored to each application. All four designs display high Gaussicity (typically ∼98%). Manufacturing methods based on numerical milling in splitblocks, lathing and drilling have been tested and compared. Milled splitblock horns with integrated receiver circuits (Shottky mixers in this case) allow for lower losses in the receiver system at the expense of higher cross-polarization levels. The radiation pattern of three designs at 183, 340 and 874 GHz have been measured using planar and rotational scanners.
|
|
| 15. |
- Jafari, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
-
Postponement and logistics flexibility in retailing : A multiple case study from Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Industrial management & data systems. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0263-5577 .- 1758-5783. ; 116:3, s. 445-465
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how postponement is applied in retailing and how such application is connected to logistics flexibility.Design/methodology/approach – An overview of the established typological classifications of postponement and logistics flexibility is presented followed by empirical results from three case studies of retailers of electronics, furniture, and grocery in Sweden. The study relies on primary qualitative data gathered on the retailers as well as secondary material on some suppliers including logistics providers for further insight.Findings – The results of the study show that retailers have different practices when it comes to postponement and speculation; however, there is a growing tendency toward postponement among retailers by exploring new means of applying postponement. The results reveal that retailers that have higher application of postponement seem to be more flexible in their logistics operations.Research limitations/implications – The paper provides direction for further empirical research of the topic, by indicating the application of postponement is not constrained to the point of purchase and could be extended by involving consumers as well as capitalizing on suppliers’ competences and capabilities. Especially, sales services, software, and upgrades could provide opportunity for further expanding the concept.Originality/value – The paper contributes to the existing literature on logistics practices of postponement and speculation, as well as logistics flexibility by focussing on retail firms in Sweden. Most of the prior scholarly work on postponement and flexibility is on the manufacturing context.
|
|
| 16. |
- Johansson, Alina, et al.
(författare)
-
miR-31 regulates energy metabolism and is suppressed in Tcells from patients with Sjögren's syndrome
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 49:2, s. 313-322
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by the overexpression of type I IFN stimulated genes, and accumulating evidence indicate a role for type I IFNs in these diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms for this are still poorly understood. To explore the role of type I IFN regulated miRNAs in systemic autoimmune disease, we characterized cellular expression of miRNAs during both acute and chronic type I IFN responses. We identified a Tcell-specific reduction of miR-31-5p levels, both after intramuscular injection of IFN and in patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SjS). To interrogate the role of miR-31-51p in Tcells we transfected human CD4(+) Tcells with a miR-31-5p inhibitor and performed metabolic measurements. This identified an increase in basal levels of glucose metabolism after inhibition of miR-31-5p. Furthermore, treatment with IFN- also increased the basal levels of human CD4(+) T-cell metabolism. In all, our results suggest that reduced levels of miR-31-5p in Tcells of SjS patients support autoimmune T-cell responses during chronic type I IFN exposure.
|
|
| 17. |
- Karlsson, Bo, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
-
Decline of substance P levels after stress management with cognitive behaviour therapy in women with the fibromyalgia syndrome
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 19:3, s. 473-482
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Substance P (CSF-SP) is known to be elevated in females with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) on plasma SP levels in women with FMS and to find possible clinical behavioural correlates to plasma SP level changes. Methods: Forty-eight women with FMS were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 received the CBT treatment intervention over the course of 6 months while group 2 was waitlisted. CBT was given with a protocol developed to diminish stress and pain. After 6 months, group 2 was given the same CBT treatment as well. All were followed up 1 year after the start of CBT treatment. This approach allowed for two analytical designs a randomised controlled trial (RCT) (n=24 vs. n=24) and a before-and-after treatment design (n=48). All women were repeatedly evaluated by the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) and three other psychometric questionnaires and plasma SP was analysed. Results: In the RCT design, the plasma SP level was 8.79 fmol/mL in both groups at the start of the trial, after adjustment for initial differences. At the end of the RCT, the plasma SP level was 5.25 fmol/mL in the CBT intervention group compared to 8.39 fmol/mL in the control group (p=0.02). In the before-and-after design, the plasma SP was reduced by 33% (p <0.01) after CBT, but returned to the pre-treatment level at follow-up 1 year after the start of CBT treatment. Plasma SP was associated with the MPI dimensions experienced "support from spouses or significant others" and "life control". Conclusions: Plasma SP might be a marker of the effect of CBT in FMS associated with better coping strategies and reduced stress rather than a biochemical marker of pain.
|
|
| 18. |
- Koivisto, Jenni, 1980-
(författare)
-
Navigating in the Midst of Uncertainties : Challenges in Disaster Risk Governance in Mozambique
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Disasters cause heavy losses for societies and may quickly erode any development efforts. Consequently, disaster risk reduction (DRR) is an integral part of development work that should be addressed at multiple levels. Global DRR frameworks, scholars and practitioners all advocate disaster risk governance (DRG) strategies that are multi-stakeholder, polycentric and multisectoral. While various substantive knowledge gaps and questions arising from multiple risks and the crosscutting nature of DRR have been relatively well addressed, uncertainties relating to multiple DRR actors operating and collaborating at different scales have gained less attention in previous studies.This thesis investigates the uncertainties in DRG in Mozambique, a low-income country that regularly faces natural hazards. These hazards often cause heavy loss of life and livelihoods and economic damage. The four articles that together constitute this thesis focus on different sets of uncertainties and factors that have constrained or allowed Mozambique to take major steps in this policy area. By exploring strategic and institutional uncertainties related to stakeholder involvement, coordination and policy disputes, this thesis reveals different challenges and opportunities that affect DRR policymaking in Mozambique.This thesis concludes that Mozambique has managed to take important steps in DRR. However, as a consequence of the different challenges to DRR practice in Mozambique, policymaking can be short-sighted and makes slow progress, thus increasing the disconnect between theory, policies and practice. This thesis thus argues that DRG research and practice need to better take into account power-relations; coordination and capacity issues; and responsibilities and transparency across scales, both in Mozambique and elsewhere.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Linder, Adam, et al.
(författare)
-
Heparin-Binding Protein Measurement Improves the Prediction of Severe Infection With Organ Dysfunction in the Emergency Department
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Critical Care Medicine. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS and WILKINS. - 0090-3493 .- 1530-0293. ; 43:11, s. 2378-2386
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Early identification of patients with infection and at risk of developing severe disease with organ dysfunction remains a difficult challenge. We aimed to evaluate and validate the heparin-binding protein, a neutrophil-derived mediator of vascular leakage, as a prognostic biomarker for risk of progression to severe sepsis with circulatory failure in a multicenter setting. Design: A prospective international multicenter cohort study. Setting: Seven different emergency departments in Sweden, Canada, and the United States. Patients: Adult patients with a suspected infection and at least one of three clinical systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria (excluding leukocyte count). Intervention: None. Measurements and Main Results: Plasma levels of heparin-binding protein, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactate, and leukocyte count were determined at admission and 12-24 hours after admission in 759 emergency department patients with suspected infection. Patients were defined depending on the presence of infection and organ dysfunction. Plasma samples from 104 emergency department patients with suspected sepsis collected at an independent center were used to validate the results. Of the 674 patients diagnosed with an infection, 487 did not have organ dysfunction at enrollment. Of these 487 patients, 141 (29%) developed organ dysfunction within the 72-hour study period; 78.0% of the latter patients had an elevated plasma heparin-binding protein level (greater than 30 ng/mL) prior to development of organ dysfunction (median, 10.5 hr). Compared with other biomarkers, heparin-binding protein was the best predictor of progression to organ dysfunction (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.80). The performance of heparin-binding protein was confirmed in the validation cohort. Conclusion: In patients presenting at the emergency department, heparin-binding protein is an early indicator of infection-related organ dysfunction and a strong predictor of disease progression to severe sepsis within 72 hours.
|
|
| 21. |
- Lindroos, Anna-Karin, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of a Web-Based Dietary Assessment Tool (RiksmatenFlex) in Swedish Adolescents: Comparison and Validation Study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 21:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A Web-based dietary assessment tool-RiksmatenFlex-was developed for the national dietary survey of adolescents in Sweden. Objective: This study aimed to describe the Web based method RiksmatenFlex and to test the validity of the reported dietary intake by comparing dietary intake with 24-hour dietary recalls (recall interviews), estimated energy expenditure, and biomarkers. Methods: Adolescents aged 11-12, 14-15, and 17-18 years were recruited through schools. In total, 78 students had complete dietary information and were included in the study. Diet was reported a few weeks apart with either RiksmatenFlexDiet (the day before and a random later day) or recall interviews (face-to-face, a random day later by phone) in a cross-over, randomized design. At a school visit, weight and height were measured and blood samples were drawn for biomarker analyses. Students wore an accelerometer for 7 days for physical activity measurements. Dietary intake captured by both dietary methods was compared, and energy intake captured by both methods was compared with the accelerometer-estimated energy expenditure (EEest). Intake of whole grain wheat and rye and fruit and vegetables by both methods was compared with alkylresorcinol and carotenoid concentrations in plasma, respectively. Results: The mean of the reported energy intake was 8.92 (SD 2.77) MJ by RiksmatenFlexDiet and 8.04 (SD 2.67) MJ by the recall interviews (P=.01) Intake of fruit and vegetables was 224 (169) g and 227 (150) g, and whole grain wheat and rye intake was 12.4 (SD 13.2) g and 12.0 (SD 13.1) g, respectively; the intakes of fruit and vegetables as well as whole grain wheat and iye did not differ between methods. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.57 for protein and carbohydrates to 0.23 for vegetables. Energy intake by RiksmatenFlexDiet was overreported by 8% (P=.03) but not by the recall interviews (P=.53) compared with EEest. The Spearman correlation coefficient between reported energy intake and EEest was 0.34 (P=.008) for RiksmatenFlexDiet and 0.16 (P=.21) for the recall interviews. Spearman correlation coefficient between whole grain wheat and rye and plasma total alkylresorcinol homologs was 0.36 (P=.002) for RiksmatenFlexDiet and 0.29 (P=.02) for the recall interviews. Spearman correlations between intake of fruit and vegetables and plasma carotenoids were weak for both dietary tools. The strongest correlations were observed between fruit and vegetable intake and lutein/zeaxanthin for RiksmatenFlexDiet (0.46; P<.001) and for recall interviews (0.28; P=.02). Conclusions: RiksmatenFlexDiet provides information on energy, fruit, vegetables, and whole grain wheat and rye intake, which is comparable with intake obtained from recall interviews in Swedish adolescents. The results are promising for cost-effective dietary data collection in upcoming national dietary surveys and other studies in Sweden. Future research should focus on how, and if, new technological solutions could reduce dietary reporting biases.
|
|
| 22. |
- Nazir, Madiha, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeting tumor cells based on Phosphodiesterase 3A expression
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 361:2, s. 308-315
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We and others have previously reported a correlation between high phosphodiesterase 3 A (PDE3A) expression and selective sensitivity to phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. This indicates that PDE3A could serve both as a drug target and a biomarker of sensitivity to PDE3 inhibition. In this report, we explored publicly available mRNA gene expression data to identify cell lines with different PDE3A expression. Cell lines with high PDE3A expression showed marked in vitro sensitivity to PDE inhibitors zardaverine and quazinone, when compared with those having low PDE3A expression. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical stainings were in agreement with PDE3A mRNA expression, providing suitable alternatives for biomarker analysis of clinical tissue specimens. Moreover, we here demonstrate that tumor cells from patients with ovarian carcinoma show great variability in PDE3A protein expression and that level of PDE3A expression is correlated with sensitivity to PDE inhibition. Finally, we demonstrate that PDE3A is highly expressed in subsets of patient tumor cell samples from different solid cancer diagnoses and expressed at exceptional levels in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) specimens. Importantly, vulnerability to PDE3 inhibitors has recently been associated with co-expression of PDE3A and Schlafen family member 12 (SLFN12). We here demonstrate that high expression of PDE3A in clinical specimens, at least on the mRNA level, seems to be frequently associated with high SLFIV12 expression. In conclusion, PDE3A seems to be both a promising biomarker and drug target for individualized drug treatment of various cancers.
|
|
| 23. |
- Nyberg, Gert, et al.
(författare)
-
Enclosures in West Pokot, Kenya: Transforming land, livestock and livelihoods in drylands
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Pastoralism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-7136 .- 2041-7128. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dryland livestock production systems are changing in many parts of the world, as a result of growing human populations and associated pressure on water and land. Based on a combination of social and natural science methods, we studied a 30-year transformation process from pastoralism to a livestock-based agro-pastoral system in northwestern Kenya, with the overall aim to increase the understanding of the ongoing transition towards intensified agro-pastoralist production systems in dryland East Africa.Key to this transformation was the use of enclosures for land rehabilitation, fodder production, and land and livestock management. Enclosures have more soil carbon and a higher vegetation cover than adjacent areas with open grazing. The level of adoption of enclosures as a management tool has been very high, and their use has enabled agricultural diversification, e.g. increased crop agriculture, poultry production and the inclusion of improved livestock. Following the use of enclosures, livelihoods have become less dependent on livestock migration, are increasingly directed towards agribusinesses and present new opportunities and constraints for women. These livelihood changes are closely associated with, and depend on, an ongoing privatization of land under different tenure regimes.The results indicate that the observed transformation provides opportunities for a pathway towards a sustainable livestock-based agro-pastoral system that could be valid in many dryland areas in East Africa. However, we also show that emergent risks of conflicts and inequalities in relation to land, triggered by the weakening of collective property rights, pose a threat to the sustainability of this pathway.
|
|
| 24. |
- Ragnarsson, Oskar, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Decreased prefrontal functional brain response during memory testing in women with Cushing's syndrome in remission
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 82, s. 117-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurocognitive dysfunction is an important feature of Cushing's syndrome (CS). Our hypothesis was that patients with CS in remission have decreased functional brain responses in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus during memory testing. In this cross-sectional study we included 19 women previously treated for CS and 19 commis matched for age, gender, and education. The median remission time was 7 (IQR 6-10) years. Brain activity was studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging during episodic- and working memory tasks. The primary regions of interest were the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. A voxel-wise comparison of functional brain responses in patients and controls was performed. During episodic-memory encoding, patients displayed lower functional brain responses in the left and right prefrontal gyrus (p < 0.001) and in the right inferior occipital gyrus (p < 0.001) compared with controls. There was a trend towards lower functional brain responses in the left posterior hippocampus in patients (p = 0.05). During episodic-memory retrieval, the patients displayed lower functional brain responses in several brain areas with the most predominant difference in the right prefrontal cortex (p < 0.001). During the working memory task, patients had lower response in the prefrontal cortices bilaterally (p < 0.005). Patients, but not controls, had lower functional brain response during a more complex working memory task compared with a simpler one. In conclusion, women with CS in long-term remission have reduced functional brain responses during episodic and working memory testing. This observation extends previous findings showing long-term adverse effects of severe hypercortisolaemia on brain function.
|
|
| 25. |
- Sobis, Peter, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
SWI 1200/600 GHz highly integrated receiver front-ends
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 36th ESA Antenna Workshop on Antennas and RF Systems for Space Science, ESA/ESTEC ,Noordwijk, The Netherlands; 6-9 Oct. 2015. ; session S3.1.2
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 26. |
- Sobis, Peter, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Ultra Low Noise 600/1200 GHz and 874 GHz GaAs Schottky Receivers for SWI and ISMAR
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Twenty-seventh International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Omnisys Instruments is responsible for the 600/1200 GHz broadband front-end receivers and back-end spectrometer hardware for the Submillimeter Wave Instrument (SWI) part of the Jupiter Icy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission, and for the development of the dual-polarization 874 GHz spectrometer channels for the airborne icecloud imager instrument ISMAR. We will present our development of these highly integrated heterodyne receivers which are based on membrane integrated GaAs Schottky diode mixer and multiplier circuit technology, and InP HEMT MMIC LNA technology from Chalmers University of Technology. Preliminary results at room temperature on the 1200 GHz breadboard prototypes show on a typical DSB receiver noise below 3000 K in the 1030 GHz-1220 GHz frequency range with only 1-3 mW of LO power. For the 874 GHz receiver flight modules a record low double sideband noise of 2500 K was obtained with only 2.3 mW of LO pump power. Both the 1200 GHz and 874 GHz subharmonically pumped Schottky mixer designs have been based on the broadband SWI 600 GHz channel mixer design, which had a repeatable receiver noise performance below 1200K with less than 2 mW of pump power at room temperature. All together these results are setting new standards for critical receiver hardware operating at room temperature used in instrumentation for atmospheric research and remote sensing applications.
|
|
| 27. |
- Tøllefsen, Ingvild Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Accidents and undetermined deaths : re-evaluation of nationwide samples from the Scandinavian countries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: National mortality statistics should be comparable between countries that use the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases. Distinguishing between manners of death, especially suicides and accidents, is a challenge. Knowledge about accidents is important in prevention of both accidents and suicides. The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability of classifying deaths as accidents and undetermined manner of deaths in the three Scandinavian countries and to compare cross-national differences. Methods: The cause of death registers in Norway, Sweden and Denmark provided data from 2008 for samples of 600 deaths from each country, of which 200 were registered as suicides, 200 as accidents or undetermined manner of deaths and 200 as natural deaths. The information given to the eight experts was identical to the information used by the Cause of Death Register. This included death certificates, and if available external post-mortem examinations, forensic autopsy reports and police reports. Results: In total, 69 % (Sweden and Norway) and 78 % (Denmark) of deaths registered in the official mortality statistics as accidents were confirmed by the experts. In the majority of the cases where disagreement was seen, the experts reclassified accidents to undetermined manner of death, in 26, 25 and 19 % of cases, respectively. Few cases were reclassified as suicides or natural deaths. Among the extracted accidents, the experts agreed least with the official mortality statistics concerning drowning and poisoning accidents. They also reported most uncertainty in these categories of accidents. In a second re-evaluation, where more information was made available, the Norwegian psychiatrist and forensic pathologist increased their agreement with the official mortality statistics from 76 to 87 %, and from 85 to 88 %, respectively, regarding the Norwegian and Swedish datasets. Among the extracted undetermined deaths in the Swedish dataset, the two experts reclassified 22 and 51 %, respectively, to accidents. Conclusion: There was moderate agreement in reclassification of accidents between the official mortality statistics and the experts. In the majority of cases where there was disagreement, accidents were reclassified as undetermined manner of death, and only a small proportion as suicides.
|
|
| 28. |
- Tøllefsen, Ingvild Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Are suicide deaths under-reported? Nationwide re-evaluations of 1800 deaths in Scandinavia.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 5:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Valid mortality statistics are important for healthcare planning and research. Suicides and accidents often present a challenge in the classification of the manner of death. The aim of this study was to analyse the reliability of the national suicide statistics by comparing the classification of suicide in the Scandinavian cause of death registers with a reclassification by 8 persons with different medical expertise (psychiatry, forensic pathology and public health) from each of the 3 Scandinavian countries.METHODS: The cause of death registers in Norway, Sweden and Denmark retrieved available information on a sample of 600 deaths in 2008 from each country. 200 were classified in the registers as suicides, 200 as accidents or undetermined and 200 as natural deaths. The reclassification comprised an assessment of the manner and cause of death as well as the level of certainty.RESULTS: In total, 81%, 88% and 90% of deaths registered as suicide in the official mortality statistics were confirmed by experts using the Swedish, Norwegian and Danish data sets, respectively. About 3% of deaths classified as accidents or natural deaths in the cause of death registers were reclassified as suicides. However, after a second reclassification based on additional information, 9% of the natural deaths and accidents were reclassified as suicides in the Norwegian data set, and 21% of the undetermined deaths were reclassified as suicides in the Swedish data set. In total, the levels of certainty of the experts were 87% of suicides in the Norwegian data set, 77% in the Swedish data set and 92% in Danish data set; the uncertainty was highest in poisoning suicides.CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of reported suicides were confirmed as being suicides. Few accidents and natural deaths were reclassified as suicides. Hence, reclassification did not increase the overall official suicide statistics of the 3 Scandinavian countries.
|
|
| 29. |
- Wallin, Anders, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive medicine - a new approach in health care science.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The challenges of today's society call for more knowledge about how to maintain all aspects of cognitive health, such as speed/attention, memory/learning, visuospatial ability, language, executive capacity and social cognition during the life course.Medical advances have improved treatments of numerous diseases, but the cognitive implications have not been sufficiently addressed. Disability induced by cognitive dysfunction is also a major issue in groups of patients not suffering from Alzheimer's disease or related disorders. Recent studies indicate that several negative lifestyle factors can contribute to the development of cognitive impairment, but intervention and prevention strategies have not been implemented. Disability due to cognitive failure among the workforce has become a major challenge. Globally, the changing aging pyramid results in increased prevalence of cognitive disorders, and the diversity of cultures influences the expression, manifestation and consequences of cognitive dysfunction.Major tasks in the field of cognitive medicine are basic neuroscience research to uncover diverse disease mechanisms, determinations of the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction, health-economical evaluations, and intervention studies. Raising awareness for cognitive medicine as a clinical topic would also highlight the importance of specialized health care units for an integrative approach to the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions.
|
|
| 30. |
- Watanabe, Hiroyuki, et al.
(författare)
-
Asymmetry of the Endogenous Opioid System in the Human Anterior Cingulate : a Putative Molecular Basis for Lateralization of Emotions and Pain
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - United kingdom : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 25:1, s. 97-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lateralization of processing of positive and negative emotions and pain suggests an asymmetric distribution of the neurotransmitter systems regulating these functions between the left and right brain hemispheres. By virtue of their ability to selectively mediate euphoria, dysphoria and pain, the m-, d- and k-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands may subserve these lateralized functions. We addressed this hypothesis by comparing the levels of the opioid receptors and peptides in the left and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key area for emotion and pain processing. Opioid mRNAs and peptides and five “classical” neurotransmitters were analyzed in postmortem tissues from 20 human subjects. Leu-enkephalin-Arg and Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, preferential d-/m- and k-/m-opioid agonists demonstrated marked lateralization to the left and right ACC, respectively. Dynorphin B strongly correlated with Leu-enkephalin-Arg in the left but not right ACC suggesting different mechanisms of conversion of this k-opioid agonist to d-/m-opioid ligand in the two hemispheres; in the right ACC dynorphin B may be cleaved by PACE4, a proprotein convertase regulating left-right asymmetry formation. These findings suggest that region-specific lateralization of neuronal networks expressing opioid peptides underlyes in part lateralization of higher functions including positive and negative emotions and pain in the human brain.
|
|
| 31. |
- Wilhelmsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
A prospective study on the incidence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection after a tick bite in Sweden and On the Åland Islands, Finland (2008-2009)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1877-959X .- 1877-9603. ; 7:1, s. 71-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a common and increasing tick-borne disease in Europe. The risk of acquiring a Borrelia infection after a tick bite is not fully known. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of Borrelia infection after a bite by a Borrelia-infected tick and if the Borrelia load and/or the duration of tick-feeding influenced the risk of infection. During 2008-2009, ticks and blood samples were collected from 1546 tick-bitten persons from Sweden and the Åland Islands, Finland. Follow-up blood samples were taken 3 months after the tick bite. The duration of tick feeding was microscopically estimated and Borrelia was detected and quantified in ticks by real-time PCR. Anti-Borrelia antibodies were detected in sera using ELISA tests and immunoblot. Five percent (78/1546) of the study participants developed Borrelia infection (LB diagnosis and/or seroconversion) after a tick bite (45% bitten by Borrelia-infected ticks and 55% bitten by uninfected ticks). Of these, 33 developed LB (whereof 9 also seroconverted) while 45 participants seroconverted only. Experience of non-specific symptoms was more frequently reported by Borrelia-infected participants compared to uninfected participants. All who seroconverted removed "their" ticks significantly later than those who did not. The Borrelia load in the ticks did not explain the risk of seroconversion. Regional and sex differences in the Borrelia seroprevalence were found. The risk of developing a Borrelia infection after a bite by a Borrelia-infected tick is small but increases with the duration of tick feeding.
|
|
| 32. |
- Wilhelmsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
A prospective study on the incidence of Borrelia infection after a tick bite in Sweden and on the Åland Islands, Finland (2008-2009)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1877-959X .- 1877-9603. ; 7:1, s. 71-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a common and increasing tick-borne disease in Europe. The risk of acquiring a Borrelia infection after a tick bite is not fully known. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of Borrelia infection after a tick bite and if the Borrelia load and/or the duration of tick-feeding influenced the risk of infection. During 2008-2009, ticks and blood samples were collected from 1546 tick-bitten persons from Sweden and the Åland Islands, Finland. Follow-up blood samples were taken three months after the tick bite. The duration of tick feeding was microscopically estimated and Borrelia was detected and quantified in ticks by real-time PCR. Anti-Borrelia antibodies were detected in sera using ELISA assays and immunoblot.Even though 28 % of the participants were bitten by a Borrelia-positive tick, only 7.5% (32/428) of them developed a Borrelia infection, half of them LB. All who seroconverted removed “their” ticks significantly later than those who did not. The Borrelia load in the ticks did not explain the risk of seroconversion. Regional as well as gender differences in the Borrelia seroprevalence were found. The risk of developing a Borrelia infection after a bite by a Borrelia-infected tick is small but increases with the duration of tick feeding.
|
|
| 33. |
- Ågren, Per-Olof, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hur avslutar vi kandidatprogram?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Universitetspedagogiska konferensen 2017. - Umeå : Universitetspedagogik och lärandestöd (UPL), Umeå universitet. ; , s. 76-78
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Inledning: Syftet med detta rundabordssamtal är att ta del av lärares erfarenheter om hur utbildningar bäst kan avslutas, med målet att deltagarna i samtalet kan inspireras ytterligare beträffande hur utbildningsprogram kan avslutas. Rundabordssamtalet genomförs i form av en inledande presentation av en nyligen genomförd förändring av ett utbildningsprograms avslutning, och fortsätter med ett öppet samtal kring temat.Under första halvan av 10-talet växte idén om att flytta kursen Examensarbete i informatik, 15 hp, från att vara den sista kursen studenterna genomför, till att vara den näst sista kursen. Denna idé dryftades med såväl lärarkollegor och med studenter.Det visade sig att idén föll i god jord. Genom att tidigarelägga examensarbetet fem veckor under den sista vårterminen på kandidatprogrammen, minskade tidspressen för handledare, examinatorer och inte minst studenter, genom att allt arbete som krävs efter avslutat examensarbete inte behöver utföras efter terminsslut. Det blev dessutom ett utmärkt utrymme att organisera ett andra examinationstillfälle inom ramen för vårterminen, vilket är en stor fördel för studenter.Denna förändring gav även möjligheten att ställa oss frågan: Hurska en kurs som avslutar ett utbildningsprogram vara organiserad, när det inte är den traditionsenliga uppsatskursen som utgör programmets avslutning?Kursutveckling: I stället för att enbart flytta om existerande kurser under vårterminen, fick Annakarin Nyberg och P O Ågren uppdraget att utveckla en ny kurs på det beteendevetenskapliga programmet med inriktning mot IT-miljöer (BIT-programmet), som skulle ge studenterna en bra avslutning på deras kandidatutbildning.Relativt snabbt utkristalliserades två huvudteman för kursen. Våra antaganden var att vad studenter främst gör i slutet av en utbildning är att blicka framåt och att detta framåtblickande handlar om hur de ska kunna etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden efter avslutad utbildning. Kursen fick namnet Framtidens IT-miljöeroch har genomförts två gånger, vårterminen 2016 och 2017.Det ena temat handlar om att ge studenterna beredskap att möta framtidens IT-miljöer, vilket görs genom att studera och tillämpa framtidsstudiemetoder, såväl för att själva bedriva framtidsstudier, som för att bättre kunna kritiskt granska andras scenarier kring IT-utvecklingen i samhället.Det andra temat, som främst är i fokus för detta rundabordssamtal, handlar om att ge studenterna en individuell beredskap för att etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden. Det görs genom att studenterna får i uppgift att skapa en reflektionsportfölj som beskriver deras kunskaper, färdigheter och värderingsförmågor som de har tillägnat sig under sin utbildning.För att få återkoppling på sina portföljer, presenterar varje student sina portföljer för aktörer i näringsliv och offentlig sektor som arbetar med att anställa nyutexaminerade studenter. Därmed får studenterna akademisk återkoppling från kursens lärare och arbetslivsanknuten återkoppling från inbjudna personalrekryterare från olika företag och organisationer.Genomförande: En reflektionsportfölj har, till skillnad från produktportföljens fokus på arbetsprover, som fokus att föra ett resonemang kring den enskildes kunskaper, färdigheter och förmågor i ett dokument. Under kursens två första veckor arbetar studenterna med att formulera sina portföljer och ges stöd i form av föreläsningar och seminarier.Under ett föreläsningspass presenteras och diskuteras artikeln ”Erfarenheter av portfoliometodiken inom nätutbildning –kritiska reflektioner och ”halleluja moments” skriven av Elinor Adenling och Johanna Olsson (2011). Passet syftar till att tillsammans börja reflektera över kunskaper, färdigheter och förmågor för att därefter kunna ta steget att skriva sina egna och mer personliga motsvarigheter.Senare möter studenterna en personalchef med lång erfarenhet av rekrytering. Syftet är att få en förståelse för vad en arbetsgivare värdesätter i en intervjusituation, få exempel på hur sådana konkret kangå till. Gästföreläsningen ger studenterna en inblick i hur de rekryterare de senare ska möta kan tänkas agera och resonera.Efter två veckor presenterar studenterna sina kunskaper och färdigheter inför tre inbjudna personalrekryterare inom IT-branschen iUmeå. Presentationerna är korta, endast sex minuter långa, så studenterna måste göra ett kvalificerat urval från sina portföljer. Efter varje presentation fick respektive student återkoppling från de tre rekryterarna på sina framföranden och hur de har gjort sina urval av kunskaper och färdigheter.När kursen gavs för första gången våren 2016 bjöds rekryterare som vi antog hade viss kännedom om programmet. Våren 2017 bjöds även rekryterare in som vi antog inte hade någon närmare kännedom om utbildningen. Syftet var att öka kunskapen om utbildningen i IT-branschen samt att ge studenterna tillgång till andra perspektiv. Vi formade paneler bestående av tre personer varav minst en man eller kvinna. Inför presentationen instruerades panelen om att det var viktigt att studenterna skulle lämna tillfället stärkta, att de frågor som ställdes och den återkoppling som gavs skulle syfta till att på ett positivt, uppmuntrande och konstruktivt vis, utveckla studenten.Resultat: Studenternas reaktioner har under de två kurstillfällen som organiserats varit synnerligen positiva till kursens innehåll och genomförande. Kvaliteter som nämns i kursutvärderingarna är att de får sätta ord på sina kunskaper och färdigheter, att de fick en bra överblick över sin utbildning, att de fick en god inblick i vad personalrekryterare tycker är viktigt att höra från en arbetssökande, att de fick en god känsla för hur de har utvecklats som människor under utbildningen samt, sist men kanske allra viktigast, träna förmågan att framställa sig själv och sina styrkor inför andra.I kursutvärderingarna framgår även att de flesta studenter skulle ha omarbetat sina presentationer efter att ha fått återkoppling från personalrekryterarna. Det tyder på att återkopplingen har mottagits väl av studenterna.
|
|
