| 1. |
- Alsved, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Droplet, aerosol and SARS-CoV-2 emissions during singing and talking
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionAs the pandemic continues to spread, more knowledge is needed about the viral transmission routes. Several super spreading events during the Covid-19 pandemic have been linked to singing in choirs and talking loud. However, in the beginning of the pandemic there was only one study about emitted aerosols and droplets from singing, published in 1968, and only a handful on emissions from talking. Therefore, we conducted a study to measure the aerosol and droplet emissions from talking and singing. We also evaluated the emissions from singing when wearing a face mask.We have further developed our setup so that we collect the aerosol particles from Covid-19 infected patients that are talking and singing, and analyze our samples for SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing Covid-19.MethodTwelve healthy singers (7 professionals, 5 amateurs) were included in the first study part on quantifying the amount of emitted aerosols and droplets. The singers were singing or talking a short consonant rich text repeatedly at a constant pitch with their face in the opening of a funnel. The aerosol particle size and concentration was measured from the other end of the funnel using an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS, 3321, TSI Inc). In addition, the amount of un-evaporated droplets were captured with a high-speed camera and quantified using image analysis.During February and March 2021 we will collect aerosol particles from patients with confirmed Covid-19 that are singing and talking into a funnel. We will use a growth tube condensation collector, a BioSpot (Aerosol Devices), operating at 8 L min-1, and a NIOSH BC-251 cyclone sampler operating at 3.5 L min-1 (TISCH Environmental). The BioSpot collects the whole range of exhaled aerosol particles with high (95%) efficiency into liquid, and the NIOSH cyclone sampler collects particles into three size fractions: <1 µm (filter), 1-4 µm (liquid), >4 µm (liquid). The APS is again used to measure size and concentration of the emitted aerosol particles, so that emissions from infected test subjects can be compared with those of the healthy test subjects. Air samples will be analyzed for detection of SARS-CoV-2 genes, and if possible, SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in cell cultures.ResultsAerosol particle emissions from healthy test subjects were significantly higher during normal singing (median 690, range [320–2870] particles/s) than during normal talking (270 [120–1380] particles/s) (Wilcoxon’s signed rank test, p=0.002). Loud singing produced even more aerosol particles (980 [390–2870] particles/s) than normal singing (p=0.002). The amount of non-evaporated droplets detected by the high-speed camera setup showed similar results: more droplets during loud singing or talking. For both aerosol particle concentrations and droplet numbers, the levels were reduced by on average 70-80% when wearing a surgical face mask.ConclusionsSinging and talking give rise to high aerosol and droplet emissions from the respiratory tract. This is likely an important transmission route for Covid-19. In our upcoming part of the study we hope to determine how much SARS-CoV-2 that is emitted during these social activities.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Alsved, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol particles exhaled from COVID-19 infected patients during breathing, talking and singing
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several super spreader events occurred during singing in choirs, which lead to an increased attention to airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Since then, aerosol generation from singing has been studied in more detail, however, only from healthy subjects. In this study, we collected aerosol particles in the exhaled breath of 40 COVID-19 infected patients during breathing, talking and singing, respectively, and analysed the samples for detection of SARS-CoV-2.MethodPatients that were contacted by the COVID-19 testing service due to a positive test result were asked to volunteer for the study. A team of researchers drove a small truck hosting a mobile laboratory to the home address of the patient to perform exhaled breath aerosol collection using a condensational particle collector (BioSpot, Aerosol Devices) and a two-stage cyclone sampler (NIOSH bc-251, Tisch Environmental). Samples were collected for 10 min each when the patient was breathing, talking and singing, respectively.All samples were stored at -80°C until RNA extraction and analysis by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) targeting the N-gene.ResultsA first screening of air samples collected with the BioSpot showed that SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in the exhaled aerosols from three of nine patients during singing or talking. Two of these samples contained 103 and 104 viral RNA copies, corresponding to a viral emission rate of approximately 4 and 25 viruses per second, respectively. Samples from the remaining 31 patients are to be analysed during the spring. We hope to contribute to quantifying and understanding the Covid-19 transmission via the airborne route.This study was approved by the Swedish Ethics Review Authority (2020-07103). This work was supported by AFA Insurances and the Swedish Research Council FORMAS.
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| 4. |
- Alsved, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol particles exhaled from COVID-19 infected patients during breathing, talking and singing
- 2021
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several super spreader events occurred during choir singing, which lead to an increased attention to airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Since then, aerosol generation from singing has been studied in detail, however, mainly from healthy subjects. In this study, we collected aerosol particles in the exhaled breath of 38 COVID-19 infected patients during breathing, talking and singing, respectively, and analyzed the samples for detection of SARS-CoV-2.MethodPatients that were contacted by the COVID-19 testing service due to a positive test result early in the phase of their infection (median 2, range: 0-6 days from symptom onset) were asked to volunteer for the study. A team of researchers drove a small truck hosting a mobile laboratory to the home address of the patient to perform exhaled breath aerosol collection using a condensational particle collector (BioSpot, Aerosol Devices) and a two-stage cyclone sampler (NIOSH bc-251, Tisch Environmental). Samples were collected for 10 min each when the patients were breathing, talking and singing, respectively. In addition, patient samples from nasopharynx and saliva were collected, and patients filled out a questionnaire about symptoms. All samples were stored at -80 °C until RNA extraction and analysis by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) targeting the N-gene.ResultsA first preliminary screening of air samples collected with the BioSpot showed that SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in the exhaled aerosols from 14 of 38 (37%) patients during respiratory activities. 50% of patients in the early phase of the infection, day 0-1 from symptom onset, emitted detectable levels of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA, 35% of patients on day 2-3, and 0% of patients on day 4-6. The highest viral RNA concentrations in aerosol samples were found in those collected during singing. Further analysis is ongoing and we hope that our results will contribute to quantifying and understanding the Covid-19 transmission via the airborne route.This study was approved by the Swedish Ethics Review Authority (2020-07103). This work was supported by AFA Insurances and the Swedish Research Council FORMAS.
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| 5. |
- Cena-Diez, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Naturally occurring dipeptide from elite controllers with dual anti-HIV-1 mechanism
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-8579 .- 1872-7913. ; 61:5, s. 106792-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Enhanced levels of a dipeptide, WC-am, have been reported among elite controllers - patients who spontaneously control their HIV-1 infection. This study aimed to evaluate anti-HIV-1 activity and mechanism of action of WC-am.Methods: Drug sensitivity assays in TZM.bl cells, PBMCs and ACH-2 cells using WT and mutated HIV-1 strains were performed to evaluate the antiviral mechanism of WC-am. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and Real-time PCR analysis of reverse transcription steps were performed to unravel the second anti-HIV-1 mechanism of WC-am.Results: The data suggest that WC-am binds to the CD4 binding pocket of HIV-1 gp120 and blocks its binding to the host cell receptors. Additionally, the time course assay showed that WC-am also inhibited HIV-1 at 4-6 hours post-infection, suggesting a second antiviral mechanism. Drug sensitivity assays under acidic wash conditions confirmed the ability of WC-am to internalise into the host cell in an HIV independent manner. Proteomic studies showed a clustering of all samples treated with WC-am independent of the number of doses or presence or absence of HIV-1. Differentially expressed proteins due to the WC-am treatment indicated an effect on HIV-1 reverse transcription, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Conclusion: Naturally occurring in HIV-1 elite controllers, WC-am stands out as a new kind of antiviral compound with two independent inhibitory mechanisms of action on HIV-1 replication. WC-am halts HIV-1 entry to the host cell by binding to HIV-1 gp120, thereby blocking the binding of HIV-1 to the host cell. WC-am also exerts a post-entry but pre-integration antiviral effect related to RT-activity.
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| 6. |
- Djurle, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing biohazards to food security in primary production
- 2022
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Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 14, s. 1475-1497
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review addresses ways to prepare for and to mitigate effects of biohazards on primary production of crops and livestock. These biohazards can be natural or intentional introductions of pathogens, and they can cause major economic damage to farmers, the agricultural industry, society, and international trade. Agroterrorism is the intentional introduction of animal or plant pathogens into agricultural production systems with the intention to cause socioeconomic harm and generate public fear. Although few acts of agroterrorism are reported, the threat of agroterrorism in Europe is real. New concerns about threats arise from the rapid advancements in biotechnology and emerging technologies. FORSA, an analytical framework for risk and vulnerability analysis, was used to review how to prepare for and mitigate the possible effects of natural or intentional biohazards in agricultural production. Analyzing the effects of a biohazard event involves multiple scientific disciplines. A comprehensive analysis of biohazards therefore requires a systems approach. The preparedness and ability to manage events are strengthened by bolstered farm biosecurity, increased monitoring and laboratory capacity, improved inter-agency communication and resource allocation. The focus of this review is on Europe, but the insights gained have worldwide applications. The analytical framework used here is compared to other frameworks. With climate change, Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine, the supply chains are challenged, and we foresee increasing food prices associated with social tensions. Our food supply chain becomes more fragile with more unknowns, thereby increasing the needs for risk and vulnerability analyses, of which FORSA is one example.
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| 7. |
- Granholm Valmari, Elin, 1983-
(författare)
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Beyond the badge : police officers’ lifestyles and health
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Being a frontline police officer is regarded to be one of the most high-strain professions in the world, encompassing physical, emotional and cognitive stressors. These stressors may cause ill health, physically, mentally and socially, impacting both professional and private life roles and everyday activities. Despite this, there has been limited consideration of the broader complexities of police officers’ lifestyles. Thus, the primary aim of this thesis was to identify health promoters and health challenges within the lifestyles of frontline police officers using a transactional perspective. The secondary aim was to translate these findings into the initial developmental stages of an instrument targeting critical areas of police officers’ lifestyles to foster health sustainability.Method: The thesis includes four studies. In Study I, a method for scoping reviews was used when gathering data from previously conducted studies within Europe. Studies II and III were qualitative studies using in-depth interviews. In Study II a reflexive thematic analysis was used, whereas in Study III qualitative content analysis was utilized. Study IV builds on data from the other studies. During the early development process of the instrument focus groups, cognitive interviewing methods and a content validity approach were undertaken.Findings: Altogether, the findings offer insights into how police officers’ lifecontexts, roles and everyday activities transact to become their unique lifestyles. In Study I the life contexts affecting police officers’ lives and health were mapped. It was concluded that research on police officers’ private lives is limited in Europe, despite contextual and environmental influences on their lives and health. In Studies II and III it was found that balancing work with private-life activities and roles included health challenges and resources. The findings relate to balancing risk and violence with vigilance in private life, societal attitudes with the police identity, work with healthy routines and habits, and unpredictability with stability. Study IV took initial steps towards crafting a self-reflection instrument targeting the essential conditions for living a sustainable and healthy lifestyle asa police officer.Conclusion: This thesis illuminates the complex interplay of factors that definethe unique lifestyles of police officers, influenced by their life contexts, roles, and everyday activities. It highlights the importance of both organizational strategies and police officers utilizing health-promoting strategies in maintaining asustainable lifestyle essential for fostering health sustainability. In the context of societal challenges and the need for a strong police force, maintaining police officers’ health sustainability is crucial for the benefit of both the Police Authority and society.
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| 8. |
- Gretarsson, Sigurdur, et al.
(författare)
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Substantial intrinsic variability in chemoradiosensitivity of newly established anaplastic thyroid cancer cell-lines
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 140:4, s. 337-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Well characterized human cell lines are needed for preclinical treatment studies of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC).Aims/Objectives: The aim was to establish, verify and characterize a panel of ATC cell lines.Material and methods: Cell lines were established from ATC fine-needle aspiration biopsies and characterized genetically and functionally regarding treatment sensitivities.Results: Eight cell lines were established in vitro and the anaplastic thyroid origin was verified. Seven of the cell lines were also grown as xenografts. The cell lines harboured complex karyotypes with modal numbers in hyperdiploid to near-pentaploid range. Five were TP53 mutated and three carried the BRAFV600E mutation. None had rearrangements of RET. For doxorubicin, IC50 ranged from 0.42 to 46 nmol/L and for paclitaxel from 1.6 to 196 nmol/L. Radiation sensitivity varied between 2.6 and 6.3 Gy. Two of the BRAF mutated cell lines displayed high sensitivity to vemurafenib, while the third was similar to the wild-type ones.Conclusions and significance: We describe a series of new ATC cell lines demonstrating large heterogeneity in the response to cytostatic drugs and the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. The observations are relevant to future attempts to optimize treatment combinations for ATC.
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| 9. |
- Kolsrud, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on renal function during cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized pig model.
- 2020
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Ingår i: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 57:4, s. 652-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute kidney injury is a well-known complication after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this experimental animal study, we evaluated the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on renal function, perfusion, oxygenation and tubular injury during CPB.Twenty pigs were blindly randomized to continuous infusion of either ANP (50ng/kg/min) or placebo before, during and after CPB. Renal blood flow as well as cortical and medullary perfusion was measured. Blood was repeatedly sampled from the renal vein. Glomerular filtration rate was measured by infusion clearance of 51Cr-EDTA.Glomerular filtration rate was higher (P<0.001), whereas renal blood flow or renal oxygen delivery was not affected by ANP during CPB. Renal oxygen consumption did not differ between groups during CPB, whereas renal oxygen extraction was higher in the ANP group (P=0.03). Urine flow and sodium excretion were higher in the ANP group during CPB. Blood flow in the renal medulla, but not in the cortex, dropped during CPB, an effect that was not seen in the animals that received ANP.ANP improved renal function during CPB. Despite impaired renal oxygenation, ANP did not cause tubular injury, suggesting a renoprotective effect of ANP during CPB. Also, CPB induced a selectively reduced blood flow in the renal medulla, an effect that was counteracted by ANP.
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| 10. |
- Kvarnheden, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Sixty Years After the First Description: Genome Sequence and Biological Characterization of European Wheat Striate Mosaic Virus Infecting Cereal Crops
- 2020
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Ingår i: Phytopathology. - 0031-949X .- 1943-7684. ; 110, s. 68-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-throughput sequencing technologies were used to identify plant viruses in cereal samples surveyed from 2012 to 2017. Fifteen genome sequences of a tenuivirus infecting wheat, oats, and spelt in Estonia, Norway, and Sweden were identified and characterized by their distances to other tenuivirus sequences. Like most tenuiviruses, the genome of this tenuivirus contains four genomic segments. The isolates found from different countries shared at least 92% nucleotide sequence identity at the genome level. The planthopper Javesella pellucida was identified as a vector of the virus. Laboratory transmission tests using this vector indicated that wheat, oats, barley, rye, and triticale, but none of the tested pasture grass species (Alopecurus pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratense, and Poa pratensis), are susceptible. Taking into account the vector and host range data, the tenuivirus we have found most probably represents European wheat striate mosaic virus first identified about 60 years ago. Interestingly, whereas we were not able to infect any of the tested cereal species mechanically, Nicotiana benthamiana was infected via mechanical inoculation in laboratory conditions, displaying symptoms of yellow spots and vein clearing evolving into necrosis, eventually leading to plant death. Surprisingly, one of the virus genome segments (RNA2) encoding both a putative host systemic movement enhancer protein and a putative vector transmission factor was not detected in N. benthamiana after several passages even though systemic infection was observed, raising fundamental questions about the role of this segment in the systemic spread in several hosts.
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| 11. |
- Lackmann, Tim, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of turbulence–chemistry interactions in a heavy-duty diesel engine with a representative interactive linear eddy model
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Engine Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1468-0874 .- 2041-3149. ; 21:8, s. 1469-1479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulations of a heavy-duty diesel engine operated at high-load and low-load conditions were compared to each other, and experimental data in order to evaluate the influence of turbulence–chemistry interactions on heat release, pressure development, flame structure, and temperature development are quantified. A recently developed new combustion model for turbulent diffusion flames called representative interactive linear eddy model which features turbulence–chemistry interaction was compared to a well-stirred reactor model which neglects the influence of turbulent fluctuations on the mean reaction rate. All other aspects regarding the spray combustion simulation like spray break-up, chemical mechanism, and boundary conditions within the combustion chamber were kept the same in both simulations. In this article, representative interactive linear eddy model is extended with a progress variable, which enables the model to account for a flame lift-off and split injection, when it is used for diffusion combustion. In addition, the extended version of representative interactive linear eddy model offers the potential to treat partially premixed and premixed combustion as well. The well-stirred reactor model was tuned to match the experimental results, thus computed pressure and apparent heat release are in close agreement with the experimental data. Representative interactive linear eddy model was not tuned specifically for the case and thus the computed results for pressure and heat release are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. The computational results show that the interaction of the turbulent flow field and the chemistry reduce the peak temperatures and broaden up the turbulent flame structure. Since this is the first study of a real combustion engine (metal engine) with the newly developed model, representative interactive linear eddy model appears as a promising candidate for predictions of spray combustion in engines, especially in combustion regimes where turbulence–chemistry interaction plays an even more important role like, example given, in low-temperature combustion or combustion with local extinction and re-ignition.
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| 12. |
- Ma Lu, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of Vertical Bifacial Agrivoltaic and Other Systems Modelling : Effect of Dynamic Albedo on Irradiance and Power Output Estimations
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In agrivoltaic systems combining solar photovoltaic and agricultural activities, ground albedo is mainly characterized by the crop and its seasonal variations. This study examines the effects of using fixed, satellite-derived, and hourly measured albedo on the performance of a vertical bifacial system and a 1-axis tracking system using a bifacial photovoltaic model (AgriOptiCE®). The model is developed with Matlab® and partially based on the open-source package pvlib. AgriOptiCE® is firstly validated by comparing estimated front and rear irradiances with on-site measurements for specific periods from a 1-axis tracker site in Golden, USA and a vertical agrivoltaic system in Västerås, Sweden. Furthermore, photovoltaic system power output estimations using AgriOptiCE® are also validated for the vertical agrivoltaic system and the conventional ground-mounted fixed-tilt system at the same location. The validations demonstrate the high accuracy of the proposed model in estimating front and rear irradiances and power output, obtaining R2 > 0.85 for all the studied cases. The study results indicate that measured albedo provides the highest accuracy, while satellite- derived albedo has poorer results due to the broader spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. Fixed albedo is not recommended for yearly assessment of bifacial PV systems because it cannot account for snow events and daily variations, resulting in lower overall accuracy.
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| 13. |
- Myrhammar, Anders, 1987-
(författare)
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Investigations of chemical and enzymatic functionalization of affinity proteins
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractAffinity proteins are important reagents in research, diagnostics and therapeutic settings. The focus of this thesis has been on investigating different chemical and enzymatic strategies for engineering of affinity proteins to generate affinity reagents with improved or changed functionality. The modifications introduced in affibodies, representing a class of small, three-helix engineered scaffold proteins, and antibodies were selected and implemented through rational design, using a combination of solid phase peptide synthesis, genetic engineering and enzymatic conjugation, depending on the case.In a first study, thioether crosslinks were introduced between internally positioned lysines and cysteines of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (hEGFR)-targeting affibody ZEGFR:1907, to test the possibility to increase the proteolytic stability of the affibody scaffold. Three different variants of crosslinked affibodies were produced, containing one or two crosslinks. All three variants showed similar affinities to EFGR, and secondary structure contents, as the unmodified control protein. The crosslinked affibodies were challenged with the endopeptidases pepsin, found in the stomach, and trypsin and chymotrypsin, found in the gut. All affibodies showed improved stability towards at least one of the proteases, but the largest improvement was seen for the affibody harboring two crosslinks, which displayed the greatest stability in both assays.Improvement in proteolytic stability of affibodies was further explored. In another study a sortase A-catalyzed intramolecular head-to-tail conjugation of the dimeric human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-targeting affibody (ZHER2:342)2 was performed. Analysis showed no change in α-helicity for the cyclic dimer compared to the linear control, and a slight increase in melting temperature. Interestingly, in contrast to the linear variant, the cyclic dimer showed no signs of proteolytic degradation after 60 min exposure to the exopeptidase carboxypeptidase A.The ability to change protein functionality by chemical modification was explored in two studies. The immunoglobulin-binding Z domain, from which the affibody scaffold is derived, was used as a model protein in one study, where light-induced affinity modulation was investigated. An azobenzene switch that isomerizes from a trans to a cis state was introduced end-to-end to one of the helices in three different designs of the Z domain. The conformational change induced by isomerization was hypothesized to be large enough to cause a loss in binding affinity in the conjugated affibody, which was tested in an affinity chromatography assay in which one of the affibodies captured to an IgG-sepharose column showed loss of affinity during illumination.Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes have previously successfully been used for selective hybridization between the primary, tumor-targeting agent and the secondary agent in a pretargeting set-up for in vivo tumor imaging or directed therapy. In a last study, a Z domain-PNA conjugate produced via sortase A-mediated conjugation was photoconjugated to a lactosaminated antibody for possible use as an in vivo clearing agent for clearance of excess of primary probes via an hepatic route. The clearing agent showed partial success in a mouse model but the concept needs further work.The work in this thesis shows the diverse possibilities available for changing the functionality of affinity proteins through chemical and enzymatic methods for different applications, and provides a framework for potential further improvement of both affibody and antibody functionality.
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| 14. |
- Månsson, Christopher, Läkarexamen, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Irreversible Electroporation for Treatment of Locally Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer After Surgical Resection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 40:5, s. 2771-2775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has recently been used as an experimental treatment for cancers including locally advanced pancreatic cancer. There is very limited data on IRE in pancreatic cancer that is locally recurrent after surgical resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IRE in this setting.Patients and Methods: Ten patients with locally recurrent pancreatic cancer without distant metastases after surgical resection were included and treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous IRE.Results: Two patients had severe complications, of whom one died. Median disease-free survival was 3.3 months and overall median survival after IRE and resection was 16.5 and 42.7 months, respectively. Two patients are alive 42.1 and 23.9 months after the IRE without signs of local recurrence.Conclusion: Percutaneous IRE in locally recurrent pancreatic cancer following curative resection is feasible, but should be regarded as a high-risk procedure that, at present, cannot be recommended outside of clinical trials. Further research is needed to select patients who might benefit from this treatment.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Nygren, Andreas, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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A study of ECN spray a using an improved stochastic blob (VSB2) spray model
- 2020
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Ingår i: ICLASS 2018 - 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate prediction of spray formation is crucial when modeling spray combustion. In this work an existing Eulerian-Lagrangian spray model, VSB2 has been extended to account for secondary break-up in a more accurate way, by creating child blobs from the stripped of mass for each blob undergoing break up. The new break-up approach was compared with the old approach for two different parametric variations of the ECN spray A refer- ence case. It showed that the new method predicted more accurate liquid penetration with the effect being more pronounced at lower ambient temperature. It was concluded that with the new break up treatment, smaller blobs from the stripped off mass is created downstream of the spray, causing the liquid to evaporate faster as the smaller blobs with less momentum have an increased radial dispersion into the bulk as they will be affected more by the drag force. More heat is available to evaporate the fuel outside in the bulk. A reduction in turbulence was also observed due to the smoother velocity gradients generated by the smaller blobs.
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| 17. |
- Pandian Muthuramalingam, Vignesh, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF RESOLVING AN INJECTOR ORIFICE AND THE INFLUENCE OF CREATING STRIPPED OFF DROPLETS ON SPRAY FORMATION USING THE VSB2 SPRAY MODEL
- 2021
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Ingår i: Atomization and Sprays. - 1044-5110. ; 31:4, s. 15-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With respect to simulating fuel sprays applied to direct injection engines, few studies in literature have investigated resolving the injector orifice and how this may influence spray predictions for high pressure and temperature diesel engine-like conditions. In this work, we used the stochastic blob and bubble (VSB2) spray model to conduct simulations in which fuel is injected into a constant volume combustion vessel. The injector orifice is resolved into nine cells. The boundary conditions were the same as the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) noncombusting case for n-dodecane (ECN, 2020). Two simulation meshes were compared with experimental data: (1) injector orifice resolved and (2) injector orifice unresolved (grid cells in the orifice region equal orifice diameter). The resolved orifice mesh showed a liquid penetration length slightly higher and closer to experimental values. Spray predictions for an asymmetrical injection velocity was compared for both meshes. Finer structures near the leading edge of the spray (for mixture fraction and temperature fields) seen in the resolved mesh were missing in the unresolved mesh. Resolving the orifice requires a change in the core of the mesh, which also influences the results. The influence of creating new child blobs (liquid parcels are referred to as blobs in this work) stripped off from a parent blob by secondary breakup was also studied. The simulation results suggested that for high pressure and temperature diesel engine-like conditions, the influence of creating new child blobs is insignificant.
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| 18. |
- Schulte, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Caprin-1 binding to the critical stress granule protein G3BP1 is influenced by pH
- 2023
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Ingår i: Open Biology. - : The Royal Society. - 2046-2441. ; 13:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- G3BP is the central node within stress-induced protein-RNA interaction networks known as stress granules (SGs). The SG-associated proteins Caprin-1 and USP10 bind mutually exclusively to the NTF2 domain of G3BP1, promoting and inhibiting SG formation, respectively. Herein, we present the crystal structure of G3BP1-NTF2 in complex with a Caprin-1-derived short linear motif (SLiM). Caprin-1 interacts with His-31 and His-62 within a third NTF2-binding site outside those covered by USP10, as confirmed using biochemical and biophysical-binding assays. Nano-differential scanning fluorimetry revealed reduced thermal stability of G3BP1-NTF2 at acidic pH. This destabilization was counterbalanced significantly better by bound USP10 than Caprin-1. The G3BP1/USP10 complex immunoprecipated from human U2OS cells was more resistant to acidic buffer washes than G3BP1/Caprin-1. Acidification of cellular condensates by approximately 0.5 units relative to the cytosol was detected by ratiometric fluorescence analysis of pHluorin2 fused to G3BP1. Cells expressing a Caprin-1/FGDF chimera with higher G3BP1-binding affinity had reduced Caprin-1 levels and slightly reduced condensate sizes. This unexpected finding may suggest that binding of the USP10-derived SLiM to NTF2 reduces the propensity of G3BP1 to enter condensates.
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| 19. |
- Wallman, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Metallanalys i vatten från Bottenhavet och Bottenviken
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket har vattenkemiska laboratoriet vid Institutionen för vatten och miljö, SLU tagit fram en metod för analys av metaller i brackvatten och analyserat prover från Bottenhavet och Bottenviken. Halterna av arsenik, kobolt och nickel ökade i sydlig riktning, liksom för vanadin och zink ehuru trenden var mindre tydlig för dem. För bly, kadmium och krom kunde inga spatiala skillnader ses eftersom analysresultaten låg under rapporteringsgränsen. För koppar var halterna vid de nordligaste stationerna RA1 och RA2 lite lägre än vid övriga stationer men längre söderut syntes ingen skillnad.För kadmium, krom, koppar, nickel och bly var medelhalterna vid respektive station i denna studie lägre än gränsvärdena i Havs- och Vattenmyndighetens föreskrifter HVMFS 2019:25. Enligt dessa föreskrifter ska hänsyn tas till den naturliga bakgrunden vid jämförelse med gränsvärden för arsenik och zink, men dessa bakgrundshalter är inte kända i Bottenviken och Bottenhavet. Om den regionala bakgrundshalten som Herbert et.al. tog fram för zink i Östersjön används istället så låg medelhalterna vid alla provpunkter i Bottenhavet utom utsjöstationen C3 över gränsvärdet. Vid stationerna i Bottenviken och C3 i Bottenhavet låg medelhalterna under gränsvärdet men det kan inte uteslutas att anledningen till detta kan vara att halterna på dessa stationer korrigerats för mycket genom att den regionala bakgrundshalten använts istället för den naturliga bakgrundshalten. För arsenik låg medelhalterna i de nordligaste stationerna RA1, RA2 och A5 under gränsvärdet även utan att värdena korrigerats för bakgrundshalterna. För övriga stationer låg medelhalterna över gränsvärdet för arsenik men i och med att ingen korrigering av bakgrundshalt hade gjorts kan ingen slutsats dras av detta.
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| 20. |
- Åkerlund, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Stable IgG-antibody levels in patients with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medrxiv. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More knowledge regarding persistence of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infections in the general population with mild symptoms is needed. We measured and compared levels of SARS CoV-2 spike- and nucleocapsid-specific IgG-antibodies in serum samples from 145 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases and 324 non-cases. The IgG-antibody levels against the spike protein in cases were stable over the time-period studied (14 to 256 days), while antibody levels against the nucleocapsid protein decreased over time
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