| 1. |
- Andersson, Per, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Folkhögskolor, funktionsnedsättningar och specialpedagogik
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta paper presenterar kvantitativa resultat från en kartläggning av folkhögskolans deltagargrupper över tid 1997-2013 vad gäller deltagare som kategoriserats i olika funktionshinderområden, och från en enkät till landets folkhögskolor kring hur de arbetar med och ser på lärmiljön i relation till olika funktionsnedsättningar hos deltagarna.
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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Sandra, 1986-
(författare)
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Cardiac function in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis : an echocardiographic study
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is a lethal disease in which misfolded transthyretin (TTR) proteins accumulate as insoluble aggregates in tissues throughout the body. A common mutation is the exchange of valine to methionine at place 30 (TTR V30M), a form endemically found in the northern parts of Sweden. The main treatment option for ATTR amyloidosis is liver transplantation as the procedure halts production of mutated transthyretin. The disease is associated with marked phenotypic diversity ranging from predominant cardiac complications to pure neuropathy. Two different types of fibril composition – one in which both fragmented and full-length TTR are present (type A) and one consisting of only full-length TTR (type B) have been suggested to account for some phenotypic differences. Cardiac amyloidosis is associated with increased myocardial thickness and the disease could easily be mistaken for other entities characterised by myocardial thickening, such as sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The aims in this thesis were to investigate echocardiographic characteristics in Swedish ATTR amyloidosis patients, and to identify markers aiding in differentiating ATTR heart disease from HCM. Another objective was to examine the impact of fibril composition and sex on the phenotypic variation in amyloid heart disease.Methods: A total of 122 ATTR amyloidosis patients that had undergone thorough echocardiographic examinations were included in the studies. Analyses of ventricular geometry as well as assessment of systolic and diastolic function were performed, using both conventional echocardiographic methods and speckle tracking technique. ECG analysis was conducted in study I, allowing measurement of QRS voltage. In study I and study II ATTR patients were compared to patients with HCM. In addition, 30 healthy controls were added to study II.Results: When parameters from ECG and echocardiography were investigated, the results revealed that the combination of QRS voltage <30 mm (<3 mV) and an interventricular/posterior wall thickness quotient <1.6 could differentiate cardiac ATTR amyloidosis from HCM. Differences in degree of right ventricular involvement were also demonstrated between HCM and ATTR amyloidosis, where ATTR patients displayed a right ventricular apical sparing pattern whereas the inverse pattern was found in HCM. Analysis of fibril composition revealed increased LV wall thickness in type A patients compared to type B, but in addition type A women displayed both lower myocardial thickness and more preserved systolic function as compared to type A males. When cardiac geometry and function were evaluated pre and post liver transplantation in type A and B patients, significant deterioration was detected in type A but not in type B patients after liver transplantation.Conclusions: Increasing awareness of typical cardiac amyloidotic signs by echocardiography is important to reduce the risk of delayed diagnosis. Our classification model based on ECG and echocardiography could aid in differentiating ATTR amyloidosis from HCM. Furthermore, the apical sparing pattern found in the right ventricle may pose another clue for amyloid heart disease, although it requires to be studied further. Furthermore, we disclosed that type A fibrils, male sex and increasing age were important determinants of increased myocardial thickness. As type A fibril patients displayed rapid cardiac deterioration after liver transplantation other treatment options should probably be sought for this group of patients.
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| 3. |
- Bruhn, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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From prison guards to… what? : Occupational development of prison officers in Sweden and Norway
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 18:1, s. 68-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prison officers are a key group of civil servants in the criminal justice system. Based on a comparative study of the systems for vocationaleducation in Sweden and Norway, this article compares policies andstrategies for developing the prison officer occupation. Differencesin this domain are analysed against the backdrop of theories aboutprofessionalization and growing differences between these countriesconcerning the ends and means of prison policy in general. Datacome from interviews and documents collected in 2013–2014, aswell as a rereading of data from two earlier prison-research projects.Results show that Norway is adopting a strategy quite similar to theone behind the birth of the so-called welfare professions duringthe heyday of the social-democratic welfare state. In Sweden, thecontinuing division of labour is leading to enhanced skills amongsome specialized subgroups, such as security and programme staff,but a reduction in qualifications for the majority. The study should beof interest in relation to different strategies for developing the workof prison officers as well as of other categories of public servants.It points to growing differences between two welfare regimes thatused to be quite similar, not least concerning the prison policy field.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bruhn, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Treating Drug Abusers in Prison: Competing Paradigms Anchored in Different Welfare Ideologies : The Case of Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian penal history, culture and prison practice. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137585288 ; , s. 177-204
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The number of prisoners in Sweden categorized as drug abusers have increased substantially in the last 20 years according to the Swedish Prison and Probation Service (SPPS). Drug abusers are defined by SPPS as those who have used illicit drugs during the previous 12 months (Ekbom et al. 2006). In 1970 about 20 % of the prisoners could be classified as drug abusers, while they made up 28 % of the prison population in 1997 (Amilon and Edstedt 1998). In 2010 the number of prisoners with drug problems had risen to 60 % (Ekbom et al. 2011). One reason for this increase may be the sentencing policy.
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| 8. |
- Dalen, Love, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Bird Remains Using Ancient DNA Barcoding
- 2017
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Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 8:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bird remains that are difficult to identify taxonomically using morphological methods, are common in the palaeontological record. Other types of challenging avian material include artefacts and food items from endangered taxa, as well as remains from aircraft strikes. We here present a DNA-based method that enables taxonomic identification of bird remains, even from material where the DNA is heavily degraded. The method is based on the amplification and sequencing of two short variable parts of the 16S region in the mitochondrial genome. To demonstrate the applicability of this approach, we evaluated the method on a set of Holocene and Late Pleistocene postcranial bird bones from several palaeontological and archaeological sites in Europe with good success.
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| 9. |
- Diwakarla, Shanti, et al.
(författare)
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Aryl Sulfonamide Inhibitors of Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase Enhance Spine Density in Primary Hippocampal Neuron Cultures
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Neuroscience. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7193. ; 7:10, s. 1383-1392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The zinc metallopeptidase insulin regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), which is highly expressed in the hippocampus and other brain regions associated with cognitive function, has been identified as a high-affinity binding site of the hexapeptide angiotensin IV (Ang IV). This hexapeptide is thought to facilitate learning and memory by binding to the catalytic site of IRAP to inhibit its enzymatic activity. In support of this hypothesis, low molecular weight, nonpeptide specific inhibitors of TRAP have been shown to enhance memory in rodent models. Recently, it was demonstrated that linear and macrocyclic Ang IV-derived peptides can alter the shape and increase the number of dendritic spines in hippocampal cultures, properties associated with enhanced cognitive performance. After screening a library of 10 500 drug like substances for their ability to inhibit IRAP, we identified a series of low molecular weight aryl sulfonamides, which exhibit no structural similarity to Ang IV, as moderately potent IRAP inhibitors:A structural and biological characterization of three of these aryl sulfonamides was performed. Their binding modes to human IRAP were explored by docking calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations and binding affinity estimations using the linear interaction energy method. Two alternative binding modes emerged from this analysis, both of which correctly rank the ligands according to their experimental binding affinities for this series of compounds. Finally, we show that two of these drug-like IRAP inhibitors can alter dendritic spine morphology and increase spine density in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons.
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| 10. |
- Gharehbaghi, Arash, et al.
(författare)
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A hybrid model for diagnosing sever aortic stenosis in asymptomatic patients using phonocardiogram
- 2015
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Ingår i: IFMBE Proceedings. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319193878 - 9783319193861 ; , s. 1006-1009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a screening algorithm for severe aortic stenosis (AS), based on a processing method for phonocardiographic (PCG) signal. The processing method employs a hybrid model, constituted of a hidden Markov model and support vector machine. The method benefits from a preprocessing phase for an enhanced learning. The performance of the method is statistically evaluated using PCG signals recorded from 50 individuals who were referred to the echocardiography lab at Linköping University hospital. All the individuals were diagnosed as having a degree of AS, from mild to severe, according to the echocardiographic measurements. The patient group consists of 26 individuals with severe AS, and the rest of the 24 patients comprise the control group. Performance of the method is statistically evaluated using repeated random sub sampling. Results showed a 95% confidence interval of (80.5%-82.8%) /(77.8%- 80.8%) for the accuracy/sensitivity, exhibiting an acceptable performance to be used as decision support system in the primary healthcare center.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Giertsen, Hedda, et al.
(författare)
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Prisoners' experiences of drug treatment and punishment in four Nordic countries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : De Gruyter Open. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 32:2, s. 145-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: This article describes and analyses prisoners’ experiences of drug treatment in prison in four Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The article examines how prisoners experience drug treatment, control and sanctions as related to three main topics, namely motivation; the content of the measure and relations to staff; and control and sanctions.METHODS & DATA: The article is based on data from twelve prisons, three in each of the four countries; 91 interviews with prisoners; and around six months of observation. The two main kinds of drug treatment measures are drug treatment units and day programmes.RESULTS: Prisoners described several motives to participate in drug treatment measures: to leave drugs and crime; to renew relations with family and friends; to solve health problems; and to improve their prison conditions. Prisoners found that drug treatment measures offered possibilities to acquire new ways of being. Staff behaviour seemed to be more important to prisoners than the methods used, and some prisoners seemed more positive to staff involved with the drug treatment than to other staff. A surprising finding was the prisoners’ limited critique of controls and sanctions. We see this as embedded in the situation of being a prisoner, and also in relation to contexts outside prison.CONCLUSION: In discussing their experiences in the treatment units, prisoners are not so concerned about the rehabilitative features or the controls and sanctions. They evaluate their present situation in light of a future, which is their real concern. This is in line with a main task for staff, which is to prepare prisoners for release.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Källström, Åsa, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Parental imprisonment, child victimization and adult problems
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : Sage Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 16:6, s. 671-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses, in a Swedish sample, whether exposure to violence and/or crime during childhood, and mental health and/or behaviour problems as an adult, are overrepresented among young men and women who had a parent in prison at some time when they were a child. Results show that almost all the studied types of childhood victimization and adult problems were overrepresented, but verbal victimization, neglect, witnessing violence, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and depression were significantly overrepresented. Although the associations between having a parent in prison and childhood victimization as well as having mental health and behaviour problems are weak, these results indicate that it is important for practitioners who meet such children to be aware that they are more likely than other children not only to suffer from mental health and/or behaviour problems but also to have experienced violence and/or neglect.
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| 15. |
- Lexne, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament and character in patients with acute abdominal pain
- 2018
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 87, s. 128-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSeveral conditions presenting with abdominal pain are associated with specific personality factors although it is unclear if this is true also in emergency clinic settings.ObjectiveTo study personality factors among patients with acute abdominal pain in an emergency ward.MethodsConsecutive patients (N = 165) with abdominal symptoms at an emergency clinic were administrated the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Three main groups were identified; specific abdominal diagnoses, (N = 77), non-specific abdominal pain, (N = 67) and organic dyspepsia (N = 21). TCI results were compared between clinical groups and a control group (N = 122).ResultsAs compared to individuals with specific abdominal diagnoses and controls, those with organic dyspepsia were significantly more anxious (harm avoidance), (p = 0.003), and had lower ability to cooperate (cooperativeness) (p = 0.048 and p = 0.004 respectively). They were also significantly more unpretentious (self-transcendence) compared to individuals with specific abdominal diagnoses (p = 0.048), non-specific abdominal pain (p = 0.012) and controls (p = 0.004) and evidenced less mature character (sum of self-directedness and cooperativeness) compared to those with specific abdominal diagnoses and controls (p = 0.003).ConclusionIndividuals seeking care at an emergency clinic with organic dyspepsia showed a distinguishable pattern of personality features that distinguished them from the other comparison groups. Therefore an evaluation of personality factors may add a new dimension to the diagnostic investigation in the emergency care of abdominal pain and contribute to the optimization of the treatment of organic dyspepsia.
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| 16. |
- Liu, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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Association of anionic surfactant and physisorbed branched brush layers probed by neutron and optical reflectometry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 440, s. 245-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre-adsorbed branched brush layers were formed on silica surfaces by adsorption of a diblock copolymer consisting of a linear cationic block and an uncharged bottle-brush block. The charge of the silica surface was found to affect the adsorption, with lower amounts of the cationic polyelectrolytedepositing on less charged silica. Cleaning under basic conditions rendered surfaces more negatively charged (more negative zeta-potential) than acid cleaning and was therefore used to increase polyelectrolyte adsorption. The structure of adsorbed layers of the diblock copolymer was as determined by neutron reflectometry found to be about 70 nm thick and very water rich (97%). Interactions between the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and such pre-adsorbed diblock polymer layers were studied by neutron reflectometry and by optical reflectometry. Optical reflectometry was also used for deducing interactions between the individual blocks of the diblock copolymer and SDS at the silica/aqueous interface. We find that SDS is readily incorporated in the diblock copolymer layer at low SDS concentrations, and preferentially co-localized with the cationic block of the polymer next to the silica surface. At higher SDS concentrations some desorption of polyelectrolyte/surfactant complexes takes place.
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| 17. |
- Lundin, Anna-Carin
(författare)
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Tendinosis in Trigger Finger
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trigger finger is one of the most common hand conditions, with a prevalence of almost 3%. The aetiology remains unclear even though many causes have been suggested. The prevailing paradigm is that the pathogenesis of trigger finger is ascribed to primary changes in the first fibrous condensation of the tendon sheath (A1-pulley). Several studies have investigated pathology in the pulley, but few have investigated the tendon. The general aim of this thesis was to find out if there is pathology in the trigger finger tendon and to define it.We first looked at trigger finger tendon biopsies in a light microscope, and found that they were histologically different from healthy tendons. They showed signs of micro-ruptures, collagen degradation, increased amounts of ground substance, both hyper- and hypo-cellular areas, round active cell nuclei and absence of inflammatory cells, all similar to tendinosis. The histological picture was further assessed by using a scoring system for Achilles tendinosis. The trigger finger tendons scored high, suggesting a similar histopathology.Next, we performed a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on trigger finger tendons. We assessed the mRNA expression of 10 genes, which have been described to be differently expressed in Achilles tendinosis (collagen 1 and 3, versican, decorin, biglycan, aggrecan, MMP-2, MMP-3, ADAMTS-5, and TIMP-3). The overall expression pattern agreed with previous studies on Achilles tendinosis, suggesting that the cellular function in trigger finger tendons is disturbed in a similar way as in Achilles tendinosis.Recent experimental and observational research has suggested potential side effects of statin treatment on tendons, but firm evidence was lacking. We performed an epidemiological study on two large population-based cohorts. Statin use was found to increase the risk of both trigger finger and tendinosis in the shoulder and Achilles tendons, especially among men. This suggests a similar pathology in trigger finger and tendinosis.We have also studied the time to treatment effect after a single injection of glucocorticoid in trigger finger. Our results suggest that 60-80% of patients can expect resolution of the triggering within 14 days, and half of them within seven days. This result allows correct information to be given to the patient and proper planning of follow-ups.In conclusion, the pathology in trigger finger tendons is similar to tendinosis in other tendons.
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| 18. |
- Nylander, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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oLika TillSAMmanS : En kartläggning av folkhögskolors lärmiljöer för deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sverige finns det sedan en lång tid tillbaka flera utbildningsinstitutioner utanför det formella skolväsendet vilka erbjuder utbildningsmöjligheter för ungdomar och vuxna. En central plats i detta utbildningslandskap har Sveriges 150 folkhögskolor. Den här rapporten handlar om folkhögskolornas arbete med deltagare med funktions--‐ nedsättningar eller, mer precist, om de lärmiljöer i vilka folkhögskolornas pedagogiska arbete sker och hur dessa är utformade och anpassade för deltagare med funktions--‐ nedsättningar. Frågor om skolors lärmiljöer kan anses vara särskilt relevanta för deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar. En vanlig distinktion inom detta forskningsfält gör gällande att en funktionsnedsättning blir ett funktionshinder först i mötet med en hindrande omgivning.I rapporten visar vi att folkhögskolorna har fått en alltmer framträdande specialpedagogisk funktion i det svenska utbildningssystemet. Exempelvis har andelen deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar på de allmänna kurserna gått från att utgöra var femte deltagare 1997, till var tredje 2013. Ökningen i andel deltagare som kategoriseras som funktionsnedsatta är således väldigt kraftig på senare år. Bland dessa personer är grupperna med neuropsykiatriska diagnoser (särskilt ADHD), med svår psykisk ohälsa och med grava läs- och skrivsvårigheter de största till antalet. Men även deltagare med medicinska, fysiska och kliniska funktionsnedsättningar visar sig särskilt benägna att söka sig till, och använda sig av, folkhögskolornas utbildningsalternativ. Denna ökning av andelen deltagare med funktionsnedsättning verkar också återspegla sig i hur lärarna på folkhögskolorna upplever sitt arbete och sina kompetensbehov. En nyligen genomförd enkätstudie visar att utveckling av kompetensen för att upptäcka och stödja deltagare i behov av särskilt stöd är det som folkhögskollärarna efterfrågar i störst utsträckning – ett kompetensbehov som torde ha uppstått ur de nya villkor som förändringar av deltagargrupperna innebär.Dessa utvecklingstendenser är samtidigt svåra att frikoppla från andra samhällsförändringar, såsom det stora antal elever som lämnar gymnasieskolan med ofullständiga betyg varje år eller ett ökat bruk av neuropsykiatriska diagnoser. Mot bakgrund av den livfulla debatt som på senare tid har förts om den svenska gymnasieskolans kris och de många elever som slås ut från denna skolform, är det förvånande att vi inte vet mer om de utbildningsinstitutioner som ”tar vid” och hur de arbetar med grupper som står relativt långt ifrån arbetsmarknaden.Mot bakgrund av dessa förändringar menar vi att det är särskilt motiverat att ta ett samlat grepp om frågan hur folkhögskolorna arbetar och anpassar sina verksamheter till deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar. I denna kartläggning tar vi hjälp av officiell statistik för att visa hur antalet och andelen deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar förändrats i skolformen över tid, men frågar även folkhögskolornas representanter hur de anser att folkhögskolornas lärmiljöer är tillgängliggjorda och anpassade för deltagare med olika funktionsnedsättningar. Innan vi ger oss i kast med dessa frågeställningar ska vi säga någonting om vårt övergripande syfte och bakgrunden till rapporten.Rapporten är strukturerad enligt följande: först introduceras folkhögskolorna som skolform genom att deras politiska syften, finansiering samt kursverksamhet beskrivs. Därefter kommer ett avsnitt som redogör för studiens metod och design. Resultatavsnittet inleds med övergripande kartbilder över antalet deltagare på folkhögskolorna indelade efter breda funktionshinderområden. Därefter följer en analys över de motiv och påverkansfaktorer som folkhögskolornas lärare och verksamhetsledare tillerkänner betydelse i enkätsvaren. Sedan kommer en mer detaljerad analys över skolmiljöernas utformning med avseende på (i) multiprofessionalitet, (ii) pedagogiska strategier samt (iii) tekniskt och fysiskt stöd. Till sist diskuterar vi vad folkhögskoleföreträdarna själva framhåller som framgångsfaktorer respektive utvecklingsområden i skolornas arbete med att anpassa och tillgängliggöra deras lärmiljöer för deltagare med funktionsnedsättningar. På basis av dessa svar resonerar vi om det arbete som görs inom ramen för folkhögskolorna redan idag och om vad som eventuellt kan behöva förbättras.
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| 19. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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After a childhood with a parent in prison : Relationships and well-being as a child and young adult
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Prisoner Health. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1744-9200 .- 1744-9219. ; 14:1, s. 34-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore whether young adults who had a parent in prison while growing up in Sweden are disadvantaged in terms of parental support, school well-being and functioning, and socioemotional and/or behavioral problems, compared to young adults whose parents were not in prison when they were a child.Design/methodology/approach: Retrospective self-report information about parental imprisonment and childhood and adulthood welfare was collected from 2,500 Swedish young adults as part of the RESUME project. The 52 of these who had had a parent in prison during their childhood were compared to the young adults who had not had a parent in prison, by measuring differences concerning their family relations, school well-being, and well-being as adults, and the risk of some events occurring later in life.Findings: Findings Having had a parent in prison was significantly related to feeling less loved during childhood, and having less contact and support from both parents during adulthood, in comparison with other young adults. In school they experienced lower well-being and were more often placed in special education than other children. They were at greater risk of not attending higher education, of planning or attempting suicide, and of being hospitalized for mental health problems than the rest of the young adults.Research limitations/implications: Even taking into consideration the complexity of childhood conditions and the limitations of retrospective data, prison and social-services professionals should pay special attention to the fact that a child has a parent in prison.Originality/value: This is a unique study of young adults' experiences of a childhood with parent in prison.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, Docent, 1954-
(författare)
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Det hotade kontaktmannaskapet?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Tidskrift för kriminalvård. - Stockholm : Svenska fångvårdssällskapet. - 0040-6821. ; 71:4, s. 4-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det finns mycket som tyder på att vi idag ser en kursändring i Kriminavårdens syn på kontaktmannaskap, den rehabiliterande uppgift i vardagsarbetet som kriminalvårdare haft sedan 1991. Vi skisserar här den utvecklingen och vad som kan ligga bakom den.
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| 22. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, 1954-
(författare)
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Drug treatment in a Swedish women's prison : relations and identities among prison officers and prisoners
- 2015
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Ingår i: Probation Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 0264-5505 .- 1741-3079. ; 62:3, s. 234-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes life in a drug-treatment wing (a prison therapeutic community) in a Swedish women’s prison, and aims to analyse prisoners’ and prison officers’ relations and identities, through observation field notes and interviews with staff and prisoners. The studied prison has a drug-treatment programme based on Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy, with external therapists. Within the treatment wing, prison officers are abandoning the traditional staff identity for one of ‘co-therapist’. The female prisoner-identity is initially that of the ‘traditional prisoner’, but is often replaced by other situational identities such as the ‘conscious addict’ and the ‘good group-member’. In cases of frustration and threats in the wing, the more traditional identities might temporarily be ‘re-activated’. This might be a source of confusion and inner conflict, especially for the prisoners.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Nylander, Ruta, et al.
(författare)
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Relation between cardiovascular disease risk markers and brain infarcts detected by magnetic resonance imaging in an elderly population
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1052-3057 .- 1532-8511. ; 24:2, s. 312-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Established cardiovascular risk markers, such as hypertension, are associated with increased risk of brain infarcts. The newer markers N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, troponin I, C-reactive protein, and cystatin C may affect the risk of cardiovascular events and potentially, thereby, also stroke. We investigated the association between established and new risk markers for cardiovascular disease and brain infarcts detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at age 75.METHODS: Four hundred six randomly selected subjects from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study were examined with MRI of the brain at age 75. Blood samples, measurements, and dedicated questionnaires at age 70 were used for analysis of risk markers. A history of diseases had been obtained at age 70 and 75. MRI was evaluated regarding lacunar and cortical infarcts. Univariate associations between outcomes and risk markers were assessed with logistic regression models.RESULTS: One or more infarcts were seen in 23% of the subjects (20% had only lacunar infarcts, 1% had only cortical infarcts, and 2% had both). Hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 4.7) and obesity (OR 1.3; CI 1.0, 1.8) were significantly associated with increased risk of brain infarction. The newer risk markers were not significantly associated with the brain infarcts.CONCLUSIONS: The new markers were not associated with the predominantly lacunar infarcts in our 75-year-old population, why troponin I and NT-proBNP may be associated mainly with cardioembolic infarcts as shown recently.
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| 25. |
- Ouhajji, Samia, et al.
(författare)
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Depletion controlled surface deposition of uncharged colloidal spheres from stable bulk dispersions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 12:17, s. 3963-3971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The competition between surface adsorption and bulk aggregation was investigated for silica colloids dispersed in cyclohexane in contact with hydrophobized silica substrates. Central to this study is that the colloids and surfaces have the same material and surface properties. Colloid-colloid and colloid-surface interactions were controlled by addition of polymers providing depletion interaction. Bulk instability was determined by turbidity and viscosity measurements and surface adsorption by ellipsometry measurements. At increasing polymer concentration, strong surface adsorption occurred at polymer concentrations below that required for bulk phase separation. Complementary Monte Carlo simulations with the use of a new weak depletion theory support quantitatively the experimental observation of the existence of an interval of interaction strength at which aggregation in bulk is negligible while surface adsorption is substantial.
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| 26. |
- Prost, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative analyses identify genomic features potentially involved in the evolution of birds-of-paradise
- 2019
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Ingår i: GigaScience. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 2047-217X. ; 8:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diverse array of phenotypes and courtship displays exhibited by birds-of-paradise have long fascinated scientists and nonscientists alike. Remarkably, almost nothing is known about the genomics of this iconic radiation. There are 41 species in 16 genera currently recognized within the birds-of-paradise family (Paradisaeidae), most of which are endemic to the island of New Guinea. In this study, we sequenced genomes of representatives from all five major clades within this family to characterize genomic changes that may have played a role in the evolution of the group's extensive phenotypic diversity. We found genes important for coloration, morphology, and feather and eye development to be under positive selection. In birds-of-paradise with complex lekking systems and strong sexual dimorphism, the core birds-of-paradise, we found Gene Ontology categories for "startle response" and "olfactory receptor activity" to be enriched among the gene families expanding significantly faster compared to the other birds in our study. Furthermore, we found novel families of retrovirus-like retrotransposons active in all three de novo genomes since the early diversification of the birds-of-paradise group, which might have played a role in the evolution of this fascinating group of birds.
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| 27. |
- Stobaeus, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Lunds äldre gåvobok - om människorna i domkyrkan och i staden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Mellan evighet och vardag. Lunds domkyrkas martyrologium Liber daticus vetustior (den äldre gåvoboken). Studier och faksimilutgåva. - 0348-4572. - 9789178741816 ; , s. 191-203
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
- Watanabe, Hiroyuki, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetry of the Endogenous Opioid System in the Human Anterior Cingulate : a Putative Molecular Basis for Lateralization of Emotions and Pain
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - United kingdom : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 25:1, s. 97-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lateralization of processing of positive and negative emotions and pain suggests an asymmetric distribution of the neurotransmitter systems regulating these functions between the left and right brain hemispheres. By virtue of their ability to selectively mediate euphoria, dysphoria and pain, the m-, d- and k-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands may subserve these lateralized functions. We addressed this hypothesis by comparing the levels of the opioid receptors and peptides in the left and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key area for emotion and pain processing. Opioid mRNAs and peptides and five “classical” neurotransmitters were analyzed in postmortem tissues from 20 human subjects. Leu-enkephalin-Arg and Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, preferential d-/m- and k-/m-opioid agonists demonstrated marked lateralization to the left and right ACC, respectively. Dynorphin B strongly correlated with Leu-enkephalin-Arg in the left but not right ACC suggesting different mechanisms of conversion of this k-opioid agonist to d-/m-opioid ligand in the two hemispheres; in the right ACC dynorphin B may be cleaved by PACE4, a proprotein convertase regulating left-right asymmetry formation. These findings suggest that region-specific lateralization of neuronal networks expressing opioid peptides underlyes in part lateralization of higher functions including positive and negative emotions and pain in the human brain.
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