| 1. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Suspected Aortic Stenosis by Auto Mutual Information Analysis of Murmurs
- 2007
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Ingår i: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. - 9781424407873 ; , s. 1945-1948
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mild sclerotic thickening of the aortic valve affects 25% of the population, and the condition causes aortic valve stenosis (AS) in 2% of adults above 65 years. Echocardiography is today the clinical standard for assessing AS. However, a cost effective and uncomplicated technique that can be used for decision support in the primary health care would be of great value. In this study, recorded phonocardiographic signals were analyzed using the first local minimum of the auto mutual information (AMI) function. The AMI method measures the complexity in the sound signal, which is related to the amount of turbulence in the blood flow and thus to the severity of the stenosis. Two previously developed phonocardiographic methods for assessing AS severity were used for comparison, the murmur energy ratio and the sound spectral averaging technique. Twenty-nine patients with suspected AS were examined with Doppler echocardiography. The aortic jet velocity was used as a reference of AS severity, and it was found to correlate with the AMI method, the murmur energy ratio and the sound spectral averaging technique with the correlation coefficient R = 0.82, R = 0.73 and R = 0.76, respectively.
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| 2. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Feature Extraction for Systolic Heart Murmur Classification
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6964 .- 1573-9686. ; 34:11, s. 1666-1677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart murmurs are often the first signs of pathological changes of the heart valves, and they are usually found during auscultation in the primary health care. Distinguishing a pathological murmur from a physiological murmur is however difficult, why an “intelligent stethoscope” with decision support abilities would be of great value. Phonocardiographic signals were acquired from 36 patients with aortic valve stenosis, mitral insufficiency or physiological murmurs, and the data were analyzed with the aim to find a suitable feature subset for automatic classification of heart murmurs. Techniques such as Shannon energy, wavelets, fractal dimensions and recurrence quantification analysis were used to extract 207 features. 157 of these features have not previously been used in heart murmur classification. A multi-domain subset consisting of 14, both old and new, features was derived using Pudil’s sequential floating forward selection (SFFS) method. This subset was compared with several single domain feature sets. Using neural network classification, the selected multi-domain subset gave the best results; 86% correct classifications compared to 68% for the first runner-up. In conclusion, the derived feature set was superior to the comparative sets, and seems rather robust to noisy data.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Magnus Wilhelm, 1977-
(författare)
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Effects of Orexins, Guanylins and Feeding on Duodenal Bicarbonate Secretion and Enterocyte Intracellular Signaling
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The duodenal epithelium secretes bicarbonate ions and this is regarded as the primary defence mechanism against the acid discharged from the stomach. For an efficient protection, the duodenum must also function as a sensory organ identifying luminal factors. Enteroendocrine cells are well-established intestinal “taste” cells that express signaling peptides such as orexins and guanylins. Luminal factors affect the release of these peptides, which may modulate the activity of nearby epithelial and neural cells.The present thesis considers the effects of orexins and guanylins on duodenal bicarbonate secretion. The duodenal secretory response to the peptides was examined in anaesthetised rats in situ and the effects of orexin-A on intracellular calcium signaling by human as well as rat duodenal enterocytes were studied in vitro.Orexin-A, guanylin and uroguanylin were all stimulants of bicarbonate secretion. The stimulatory effect of orexin-A was inhibited by the OX1-receptor selective antagonist SB-334867. The muscarinic antagonist atropine on the other hand, did not affect the orexin-A-induced secretion, excluding involvement of muscarinic receptors. Orexin-A induced calcium signaling in isolated duodenocytes suggesting a direct effect at these cells. Interestingly, orexin-induced secretion and calcium signaling as well as mucosal orexin-receptor mRNA and OX1-receptor protein levels were all substantially downregulated in overnight fasted rats compared with animals with continuous access to food. Further, secretion induced by Orexin-A was shown to be dependent on an extended period of glucose priming.The uroguanylin-induced bicarbonate secretion was reduced by atropine suggesting involvement of muscarinic receptors. The melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole attenuated the secretory response to intra-arterially administered guanylins but had no effect on secretion when the guanylins were given luminally. In conclusion, the results suggest that orexin-A as well as guanylins may participate in the regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion. Further, the duodenal orexin system is dependent on the feeding status of the animals.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bruhn, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional labour and emotional strain in late-modern prison work
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores emotional labour strategies among Swedish prison officers, and how these affect the emotional strain. Case studies of five Swedish prisons and a national survey of prison officers are used. Analysis indicates that prison officers perform complex emotional labour. Due to differences in subcultures and informal norms, the strategies officers use in managing their emotional display vary between wings and roles. Different strategies may also cause different kinds of emotional strain. Emotional surface acting may lead to cynicism and alienation tendencies, while deep acting may lead to stress and exhaustion.
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| 7. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-
(författare)
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Personality and its complexity : An investigation of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In former days the descriptions of personality were based on typologies, reflecting the view that people do not change over time and so have a stable, life-long personality type. Later on exclusive categories were created, but during recent times the understanding of personality has changed due to more dimensional and dynamic thinking.Cloninger’s personality theory integrates concepts and research findings from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology of behavior and learning, and from developmental, social and clinical psychology. It is postulated that the behavioural systems of temperament and character are related to two major neural systems for the adaptation of experiences on various levels. The continuous interaction between temperament and character affects the personality development in both directions; temperament impacts upon character and vice versa during life.The development of the TCI was founded on the development of the biosocial theory of personality, which in turn stimulated the further development of the theory. Unfortunately this theory-based approach is not commonly used in the development of personality measurements. The development of a personality questionnaire on the basis of the theory must be viewed as a significant challenge, and this prompted my interest in dealing with and learning more about this personality assessment method.The objectives of this thesis were a critical evaluation of Cloninger’s theory; a test of its applicability in psychiatric science; and an attempt to contribute to its development.The main findings of our investigations can be described as follows:The adaptation of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was successful and the seven factor structure of Cloninger’s biopsychological theory of personality theory was mainly confirmed by the Swedish normative data and by cross-cultural comparisons between data from Germany, Sweden and the U.S.A.The results concerning internal consistency and factor structure further underline that the adult version of the TCI is unsuitable for use in adolescents before age of 17 years. For the adolescents the junior TCI is recommended.Furthermore temperament dimensions seem to be more stable over time compared to the character dimensions. The gender and age differences found suggest that both have to be taken into account in research and clinical application.The results from our studies suggested that the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) has to be evaluated as a useful tool within the process of validation of diagnosis of a Personality Disorder (PD), especially in clinical practice where it is often difficult to recognise all a patient’s personality disturbances during a short time. Use of the TCI is likely to improve understanding, classification, and subsequently the interpretations in clinical settings.
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| 8. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) : A Cross-Validation of Age and Gender Influences
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 24:1, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to establish new norms of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), data from 2,209 Swedish individuals (age between 13 and 80) was analyzed. The second aim was to evaluate the impact of age and gender on the questionnaire scores. The third aim was to investigate whether the TCI can be meaningfully applied to adolescents in personality assessment as a basis for further research and clinical studies. Age and gender showed independent effects on personality dimensions, which implies that age and gender specific norms have to be established for the TCI. Furthermore, the results in terms of inconsistencies in the correlational and factorial structure, as well as low internal consistency scores in the younger age groups, suggest that the adult version of the TCI should not be applied below the age of 17; for these age groups we recommend the use of the junior TCI (JTCI). The inventory is under further development and several items are in need of revision in order to create less complicated formulations, enabling an improvement in the psychometrics.
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| 9. |
- Brändström, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - Göttingen : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 24:1, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to establish new norms of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), data from 2,209 Swedish individuals (age between 13 and 80) was analyzed. The second aim was to evaluate the impact of age and gender on the questionnaire scores. The third aim was to investigate whether the TO can be meaningfully applied to adolescents in personality assessment as a basis for further research and clinical studies. Age and gender showed independent effects on personality dimensions, which implies that age and gender specific norms have to be established for the TCI. Furthermore, the results in terms of inconsistencies in the correlational and factorial structure, as well as low internal consistency scores in the younger age groups, suggest that the adult version of the TCI should not be applied below the age of 17; for these age groups we recommend the use of the junior TCI (JTCI). The inventory is under further development and several items are in need of revision in order to create less complicated formulations, enabling an improvement in the psychometrics.
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| 10. |
- Josefsson, Ann, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament and character in women with postpartum depression
- 2007
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Ingår i: Archives of Women's Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-1816 .- 1435-1102. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether women with postpartum depression differ in personality traits from healthy postpartum women, healthy controls from the normal Swedish population and non-postpartum women with major depression. Methods: Forty-five women with postpartum depression were compared with 62 healthy postpartum women, 62 age-matched, healthy, non-postpartum women from a normal sample and 74 non-postpartum women with major depression from a clinical sample. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used in order to screen for postpartum depression. A clinical diagnostic interview was done including a rating with the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale. Personality i.e. temperament and character was measured by the temperament and character inventory. Results: Harm avoidance (HA) was higher (p < 0.001) and self-directedness (SD) scored lower (p < 0.001) in women with postpartum depression compared to healthy postpartum women. These differences were the most important differences between these two groups. Women with postpartum depression scored lower (p = 0.001) in cooperativeness (CO) and higher (p = 0.019) in self-transcendence (ST) compared to healthy postpartum women. Women with postpartum depression scored overall similar to women with major depression. Conclusion: High HA and low SD can be seen as vulnerability factors for developing a depression and especially in a stressful situation as childbirth. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.
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| 11. |
- Moglianetti, Mauro, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate and high charge density comb polymers at the silica/water interface
- 2009
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-6848 .- 1744-683X. ; 5:19, s. 3646-3656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structures of interfacial layers formed from mixtures of comb polymers, comprising a high charge density cationic backbone and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) side-chains, with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at the silica/water interface, have been determined using neutron reflectivity measurements. The use of mixtures in which only the isotopic composition of the surfactant is changed has made it possible to determine the interfacial volume fraction profiles for both the polymer and the surfactant. For the polymer with 90% of the segments charged and 10% of the segments carrying PEO side-chains, there are four regimes of interfacial behavior with increasing surfactant composition of the bulk solution. First there is adsorption of surfactant to the polymer-covered surface, then, slightly above polymer charge stoichiometry, there is adsorption of near-neutral polymer/surfactant complexes followed by the adsorption of polymer/surfactant aggregates, with a well-defined internal structure. If the concentration of SDS is increased directly from below polymer charge stoichiometry to above the cmc, micelles or polymer/micelle complexes interact with the pre-existing polymer layer. Increasing the fraction of segments carrying PEO side-chains to 25% suppresses the formation of charge-neutral polymer/surfactant complexes at the interface. There is an increase in the adsorption of surfactant, which interacts with the pre-existing layer of polymers. This results in the surface aggregation of SDS and a swelling of the PEO side-chains from a mushroom to a brush-like configuration.
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| 12. |
- Nordin, Conny, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament and character in pathological gambling
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1050-5350 .- 1573-3602. ; 23:2, s. 113-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We have studied temperament and character in pathological gambling (PG). Methods: Thirty-eight DSM-IV verified pathological gamblers (31 males and 7 females, mean age 35.4 ± 10.4 years) were tested with Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Matched controls were chosen from the normal population. Results: Pathological gamblers scored higher on the temperament factors novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA). The most pronounced difference was found in the character factor self-directedness (SD). The pathological gamblers differed from controls in cooperativeness and self-transcendence. A personality disorder was found in 29% of the pathological gamblers 84% of whom scored either low on SD and high on impulsivity or had a more dishonest behaviour. Two-thirds of pathological gamblers showed immature character with or without high HA in temperament. The other third showed normal-character extravagant behaviour (86%), high impulsivity (36%) and less responsibility (50%) being the most common personality traits. Conclusion: HA and NS might be trait-like characteristics in PG. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
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| 13. |
- Nylander, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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De dödas tungomål - Icke-katolska gravar i Rom.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Förbistringar och förklaringar. Festskrift till Anders Piltz.. - 9789187976292 ; , s. 443-457
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Säkerhet eller rehabilitering? : Om subkulturell differentiering bland kriminalvårdare
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad och arbetsliv. - : Arbetsvetenskap vid Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692. ; 14:3, s. 45-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under senare år har säkerhetsfrågorna prioriterats kraftigt vid svenska fängelser. Men vad innebär denna skärpning av säkerhetsrutiner för verksamheten vid anstalterna? Och, vad innebär den för den yrkeskår som praktiskt ska genomföra svensk kriminalvård, dvs. vårdarna? I denna artikel fokuserar vi på hur kriminalvårdare tänker, känner och handlar i arbetet, hur deras yrkeskultur och yrkespraktik gestaltar sig, formas och utvecklas under dagens arbetsvillkor.
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| 17. |
- Nylander, Per Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Säkerhet eller rehabilitering? Om subkulturell differentiering bland kriminalvårdare
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692. ; 14:3, s. 45-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under senare år har säkerhetsfrågorna prioriterats kraftigt vid svenska fängelser. Men vad innebär denna skärpning av säkerhetsrutiner för verksamheten vid anstalterna? Och, vad innebär skärpningen för den yrkeskår som praktiskt ska genomföra svensk kriminalvård, alltså vårdarna? I artikeln granskar vi med hjälp av några teoretiska begrepp hur kriminalvårdare tänker, känner och handlar i arbetet, eller mer preciserat: hur deras yrkeskultur och yrkespraktik gestaltar sig, reproduceras och utvecklas under dagens arbetsvillkor.
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| 18. |
- Nylander, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Neutron Reflectometry to Investigate the Delivery of Lipids and DNA to Interfaces
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biointerphases. - : American Vacuum Society. - 1559-4106 .- 1934-8630. ; 3:2, s. FB64-FB82
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of scattering methods in the study of biological and biomedical problems is a field of research that is currently experiencing fast growth. In particular, neutron reflectometry (NR) is a technique that is becoming progressively more widespread, as indicated by the current commissioning of several new reflectometers worldwide. NR is valuable for the characterization of biomolecules at interfaces due to its capability to provide quantitative structural and compositional information on relevant molecular length scales. Recent years have seen an increasing number of applications of NR to problems related to drug and gene delivery. We start our review by summarizing the experimental methodology of the technique with reference to the description of biological liquid interfaces. Various methods for the interpretation of data are then discussed, including a new approach based on the lattice mean-field theory to help characterize stimulus-responsive surfaces relevant to drug delivery function. Recent progress in the subject area is reviewed in terms of NR studies relevant to the delivery of lipids and DNA to surfaces. Lastly, we discuss two case studies to exemplify practical features of NR that are exploited in combination with complementary techniques. The first case concerns the interactions of lipid-based cubic phase nanoparticles with model membranes (a drug delivery application), and the second case concerns DNA compaction at surfaces and in the bulk solution (a gene delivery application).
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| 19. |
- Ridderstad, Per S, et al.
(författare)
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Forskningsbiblioteken och forskarna : en möjlig bibliotekshistoria
- 2007
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Ingår i: Här får intet arbete utföras : Universitetsbiblioteket 100 år på Helgonabacken. - 9789197700603 ; , s. 205-215
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Possible fields of library research are indicated through a survey of relations and conflict areas between librarians and researchers in a university library, with examples taken from the history of Lund University Library.
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| 20. |
- Samoshina, Yulia, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption and aggregation of cationic amphiphilic polyelectrolytes on silica
- 2005
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 21:7, s. 2855-2864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of two cationic amphiphilic polyelectrolytes, which are copolymers of two charged monomers, triethyl(vinylbenzyl)ammonium chloride and dimethyldodecyl(vinylbenzyl)ammonium chloride (which is the amphiphilic one) with different contents of amphiphilic groups (40% (40DT) and 80% (80DT)), onto the hydrophilic silica-aqueous solution interface has been studied by in situ null ellipsometry and tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Adsorption isotherms for both polyelectrolytes were obtained at 25 degrees C and at different ionic strengths, and the adsorption kinetics was also investigated. At low ionic strength, thin adsorbed layers were observed for both polyelectrolytes. The adsorption increases with polymer concentration and reaches, in most cases, a plateau at a concentration below 50 ppm. For the 80DT polymer, at higher ionic strength, an association into aggregates occurs at concentrations at and above 50 ppm. The aggregates were observed directly by AFM at the surface, and by dynamic light scattering in the solution. The adsorption data for this case demonstrated multilayer formation, which correlates well with the increase in viscosity with the ionic strength observed for 80DT.
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| 21. |
- Thormann, Esben, et al.
(författare)
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How to measure forces with atomic force microscopy without significant influence from nonlinear optical lever sensitivity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 80:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an atomic force microscope AFM , the force is normally sensed by measuring the deflection of a cantilever by an optical lever technique. Experimental results show a nonlinear relationship between the detected signal and the actual deflection of the cantileve, which is widely ignored in literature. In this study we have designed experiments to investigate different possible reasons for this nonlinearity and compared the experimental findings with calculations. It is commonly assumed that this nonlinearity only causes problems for extremely large cantilever deflections. However, our results show that the nonlinear detector response might influence many AFM studies where soft or short cantilevers are used. Based on our analysis we draw conclusions of the main reason for the nonlinearity and suggest a rule of thumb for which cantilevers one should use under different experimental conditions.
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| 22. |
- Zhang, Jianming, et al.
(författare)
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Novel evaluation method of neutron reflectivity data applied to stimulus-responsive polymer brushes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 4:3, s. 500-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements have been performed on stimulus-responsive polymer brushes containing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) at different temperatures and contrasts using two different brush samples of roughly the same grafting density and layer thickness. The NR data were analyzed using a novel method employing polymer density profiles predicted from lattice mean-field theory augmented with a polymer model to describe polymer solubility that decreases with increasing temperature. The predicted density profiles at the different temperatures were self-consistent with the experimentally observed profiles; hence the experimental data lend credibility to the theory. We found that the brush thickness decreased from 220 to 160 nm and the polymer volume fraction increased from 55 to 75% when increasing temperature from 293 to 328 K. The new evaluation approach involved significantly fewer independent fitting parameters than methods involving layers of uniform densities. Furthermore, the approach can straightforwardly be extended to analyze neutron reflectivity data of grafted, weakly charged polymers that display pH-sensitive behaviour and also to block copolymers and to surfaces with adsorbed polymers. We propose that such accurate model calculations provide a tool to interpret results from NR experiments more effectively and design neutron reflectivity experiments for optimal outcome.
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