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- Grubb, Tamara, et al.
(author)
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Effects of pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide administration on pulmonary perfusion and arterial oxygenation in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses
- 2014
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In: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 75, s. 949-955
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective-To image the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow by means of scintigraphy, evaluate ventilation-perfusion (V-A/Q) matching and pulmonary blood shunting (Qs/Qt) by means of the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET), and measure arterial oxygenation and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations before, during, and after pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide (PiNO) administration to isoflurane-anesthetized horses in dorsal recumbency.Animals-3 healthy adult Standardbreds.Procedures-Nitric oxide was pulsed into the inspired gases in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Assessment of V-A/Q matching, Qs/Qt, and PaO2 content was performed by use of the MIGET, and spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow was measured by perfusion scintigraphy following IV injection of technetium Tc 99m-labeled macroaggregated human albumin before, during, and 30 minutes after cessation of PiNO administration.Results-During PiNO administration, significant redistribution of blood flow from the dependent regions to the nondependent regions of the lungs was found and was reflected by improvements in V-A/Q matching, decreases in Qs/Qt, and increases in PaO2 content, all of which reverted to baseline values at 30 minutes after PiNO administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Administration of PiNO in anesthetized dorsally recumbent horses resulted in redistribution of pulmonary blood flow from dependent atelectatic lung regions to nondependent aerated lung regions. Because hypoxemia is commonly the result of atelectasis in anesthetized dorsally recumbent horses, the addition of nitric oxide to inhaled gases could be used clinically to alleviate hypoxemia in horses during anesthesia.
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- Nalin, Lovisa, et al.
(author)
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Positron emission tomography imaging of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic pigs
- 2014
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In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 41:9, s. 1800-1810
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeThe glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has been proposed as a target for molecular imaging of beta cells. The feasibility of non-invasive imaging and quantification of GLP-1R in pancreas using the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 in non-diabetic and streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetic pigs treated with insulin was investigated.MethodsNon-diabetic (n = 4) and STZ-induced diabetic pigs (n = 3) from the same litter were examined. Development of diabetes was confirmed by blood glucose values, clinical examinations and insulin staining of pancreatic sections post mortem. Tissue perfusion in the pancreas and kidneys was evaluated by [15O]water PET/computed tomography (CT) scans. The in vivo receptor specificity of [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 was assessed by administration of either tracer alone or by competition with 3–6.5 μg/kg of Exendin-4. Volume of distribution and occupancy in the pancreas were quantified with a single tissue compartment model.Results[15O]water PET/CT examinations showed reduced perfusion in the pancreas and kidneys in diabetic pigs. [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 uptake in the pancreas of both non-diabetic and diabetic pigs was almost completely abolished by co-injection of unlabeled Exendin-4 peptide. [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 uptake did not differ between non-diabetic and diabetic pigs. In all animals, administration of the tracer resulted in an immediate increase in the heart rate (HR).ConclusionPancreatic uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 was not reduced by destruction of beta cells in STZ-induced diabetic pigs.
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- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(author)
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A Narrative of Agency Enacted within the Everyday Occupations of an Older Swedish Woman
- 2014
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In: Journal of Occupational Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 21:4, s. 459-472
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores how agency is enacted in everyday occupations with others and evolves over time. Agency is a complex concept that is closely linked to human occupation. By using a transactional perspective and a narrative approach, our ambition was to explore agency beyond individual acts or responsibilities. To achieve this, we used a story of an older woman in the context of being widowed and living with late-life depression. Data were generated over time using interviews and by taking part in the participant's everyday occupations. Narrative analysis was used to create a contextualized in-depth story. The findings show how resources embedded in enacted stories can challenge one's view of oneself as a victim and create possibilities to be an agent, thereby illustrating how agency becomes enacted in the context of acting together in everyday occupations. In light of these findings, we reflect on how a transactional perspective can contribute to exploring the concept of agency as contextually situated and embedded in occupations. Further, we reflect on how the transactional dimensions of everyday occupations can be explored through a narrative approach.
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| 6. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(author)
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Being part of an enacted togetherness : narratives of elderly people with depression
- 2012
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In: Journal of Aging Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-4065 .- 1879-193X. ; 26:4, s. 410-418
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we explored how five elderly persons with depression engaged in everyday activities with others, over time, and how this was related to their experience of meaning. Repeated interviews and participant observations generated data that was analysed using a narrative approach. Analysis identified togetherness as an acted relation, “enacted togetherness”, emphasising how the act of doing everyday activities with someone created togetherness and belonging, and being part of an enacted togetherness seemed to be a way for the participants to negotiate and construct meaning. Opportunities for doing things together with someone were closely associated to the place where the participants lived. Furthermore, engagement in activities together with others created hope and expectations of future acting. Findings from this research can extend our understanding of how participating in everyday activities is experienced as a social process including change over time, presenting the perspective of elderly people themselves. In light of these findings, we highlight the need to consider how opportunities to become part of an enacted togetherness can be created. Also, we aspire to contribute to the debate on how to understand the complexity related to social aspects of ageing and add to the emerging understanding of everyday activities as transactional, incorporating people and the environment in a dynamic process that goes beyond the individual.
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| 7. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(author)
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Being part of an unfolding story : togetherness in everyday occupations when ageing
- 2014
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:5, s. 368-376
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and enhance the understanding of how togetherness in everyday occupations is experienced and discussed among older adults. Method: Focus-group discussions generated the data and a total of 12 participants, including six women and six men, divided into three groups, participated in this study. Analysis was performed using a grounded theory approach. Results: The findings reflect how togetherness in everyday occupations can be comprehended as multifold transactional processes, emphasizing how an acted belonging was a situated experience connecting people and places through unfolding stories. The findings suggest that the process of meaning-making in ongoing life was closely associated with togetherness and was negotiated with others through shared culture and experiences. Togetherness meant being part of something in which the persons involved were contributing to each other in various ways. However, being part of togetherness was complicated, especially when the person’s life situation was challenged in some way. Conclusions: It was apparent from the analysis that togetherness could not be taken for granted. Rather, the findings reflect how togetherness was created and maintained through an ongoing process of nurturing established relationships as well as creating something new around occupations with others.
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| 9. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(author)
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Rethinking occupation in research and clinical practice: Joining people, places and meaning
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Josephsson S, Alsaker S, Isaksson G, Lindström M, Aldrich R, Nyman A. Rethinking occupation in research and clinical practice: Joining people, places and meaning. Discussion Forum at Conference: SSO: USA; Society for the Study of occupation: USA, October 2012.Recent developments in occupational science conceptualize occupation and its relation to place in terms of dynamic processes rather than components and structures. It could be phrased as a move from what occupation is to how it works. There has been a simultaneous trend of challenging the view of occupation as residing within individuals. Combining these two developments, occupation may now be conceptualized as emerging from situations that encompass transactions of person, culture, environment, and more. The aim of this panel is to reflect and discuss the consequence of this shift for occupation-based research and practice. Based on the included papers we will argue for the need of a less individual and static conceptualization of occupation and we will consider possible ways on how such shift of conceptualization can be achieved. The panel will include five papers: Sissel Alsaker will present research on enacted meaning using a narrative– in – action approach among women in Norway with chronic rheumatic condition. She will argue for how narrative – in – action might be an analytic resource to access occupation as ongoing processes rather than in terms of static characteristics. Maria Lindström will discuss based on her intervention research on persons with persistent mental illness, showing how the lack of a social conceptualization of occupation can decrease the visibility of certain research results. Gunilla Isaksson will base her reasoning on a narrative study on how men living with women with spinal cord injury experienced and acted in the complex process of change they went through after the women’s injury and how support was acted among them and their social network. Rebecca Aldrich will discuss the relationship of process and occupation’s social nature, as exemplified by data on routines from ethnographic research on North Carolinian discouraged workers. Finally, Anneli Nyman will demonstrate drawing from an ongoing study on social processes of participation among elderly women with depression and using narrative analysis on interview data, how enacted togetherness can be a resource for occupation-based practice with persons under such conditions. References: Aldrich, R. & Dickie, V. (In press): “It’s hard to plan your day when you have no money”: Discouraged workers’ occupational possibilities and the need to reconceptualize routine. Work, A Journal of Prevention, Assessment, and Rehabilitation. Alsaker, S. & Josephsson, S. (2010) Occupation and meaning: Narrative in everyday activities of women with chronic rheumatic conditions. OTJR – Occupation, Participation and Health, 30(2), 58-67). Lindström, M (2011) Promoting agency among people with severe psychiatric disability: occupation-oriented interventions in home and community settings. (Doctoral dissertation). Umeå University Key words: occupation; social; process; unit of analyses Discussion: -Why is it important for occupational science research to rethink how we conceptualize occupation? -What can a contextual, process-oriented and multifaceted conceptualization of occupation mean in occupational science research as well as clinical practice? -What are the consequences of such conceptualizations for how we measure and assess outcomes in research as well as in practice?
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| 10. |
- Nyman, Anneli
(author)
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Togetherness in everyday occupations : how participation in on-going life with others enables change
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to provide knowledge of how everyday occupations with others can be understood as an on-going and evolving process in people’s lives. This thesis includes four papers, all with a qualitative approach and a focus on everyday occupations with others from the perspective of people in different life situations. In Study I, nine persons with rheumatoid arthritis were interviewed on how they experienced the influence of others on their engagement in occupations. Data was analyzed using a constant comparative method, showing how everyday occupations with others could be understood as constructive collaboration or insufficient collaboration. These kinds of collaboration were related to different actions, undertaken by other persons, which created or restricted possibilities for occupational engagement and the experience of it, such as autonomy and meaning. Study II was conducted with five elderly persons living with late-life depression focusing on how they engaged in everyday occupations with others, over time, and how this was related to their experience of meaning. Repeated interviews and participant observations generated data that was analyzed using a narrative approach. Based on the analysis, the concept of enacted togetherness was constructed, comprehending togetherness as an acted relation, creating an acted belonging rather than just a feeling or sense of belonging. Being part of an enacted togetherness was a way for the participants to negotiate and create meaning in their everyday lives. Further, findings suggest that being part of an enacted togetherness created possibilities to enact agency. Study III explored how agency is enacted in everyday occupations with others and evolves over time for an older woman living with late-life depression. A contextualized in-depth story was created through narrative analysis based on interviews and participant observations. Findings provide an example of how conditions for agency is related to socially situated and embedded experiences rather than associated with the individual’s capacity or ability to act independently in different situations. In Study IV focus group discussions was conducted with twelve old persons and a constant comparative method was used to explore and gain insight into how togetherness in everyday occupations with others was experienced and discussed. Findings show how everyday occupation with others can be comprehended as a multifold transactional process, emphasizing how an acted belonging was a situated experience connecting people and places through an unfolding story. In conclusion, this thesis contributes with an understanding of how everyday occupations with others can be comprehended as an arena where togetherness and belonging can be created. Engaging in occupations with others was a way to gain access to and become part of an unfolding story where issues related to meaning-making could be negotiated. Moreover, this thesis emphasizes how situated experiences connected to occupations with others promote participation and enable change. Therefore, it is of importance to consider occupation as transactional and focus on the situations in which people’s everyday occupations take place, in order to support agency and participation when empowering clients to achieve change.
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