| 1. |
- Barchéus, Ida-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Developing and testing the feasibility of a new internet-based intervention-A case study of people with stroke and occupational therapists
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 18:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Internet-based interventions are called for within rehabilitation to meet the limited access to support for self-management after stroke. Therefore, a new intervention program, “Strategies for Empowering activities in Everyday life” (SEE) was developed. The aim of this study was to explore and describe how clients with stroke and their occupational therapists experienced the SEE intervention process and whether SEE has the potential to promote an active everyday life.Methods: A qualitative descriptive case study was designed. Four people with stroke (two of each sex, mean age 66,5 years) and their two occupational therapists (one of each sex) were included. A mix of data collection methods as interviews, assessments, registration forms and fieldnotes was used to uncover the participants’ experiences and potential changes. Data were analysed with pattern matching.Findings: The analysed data formed three categories: “Not being able to take on the internet-based intervention”, “Being facilitated in the change process of everyday life through the internet-based intervention”, and “Providing a new internet-based intervention is a transition from ordinary practice”. These categories included two to four subcategories that reflected aspects of SEE feasibility and acceptability with a focus on content and delivery.Conclusion: The first test of the intervention indicates that the content and delivery of SEE can be feasible and acceptable both for clients and occupational therapists. The findings suggest that SEE has the potential to support clients’ self-reflections and their adoption of strategies that influence engagement in daily activities and satisfaction with life in various ways. Further research with large-scale studies is needed.
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| 2. |
- Bråting, Kajsa, Docent, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Exemplifying different methodological approaches of analysing textbooks in mathematics
- 2022
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Ingår i: The relation between mathematics education research and teachers' professional development. - Göteborg : Svensk förening för MatematikDidaktisk Forskning - SMDF. - 1651-3274. - 9789198402452 ; 16, s. 125-129, s. 125-129
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this symposium, we will discuss different ways of analysing mathematics textbooks from a methodological point of view. The discussion will be based on examples from five separate ongoing analyses of Swedish textbooks divided into two methodological approaches; one where analysis is conducted within an established theoretical framework, and one where analytical tools are constructed through combining aspects of different theories. The symposium will be held at the conference MADIF-13.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Grubb, Tamara, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide administration on pulmonary perfusion and arterial oxygenation in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 75, s. 949-955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-To image the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow by means of scintigraphy, evaluate ventilation-perfusion (V-A/Q) matching and pulmonary blood shunting (Qs/Qt) by means of the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET), and measure arterial oxygenation and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations before, during, and after pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide (PiNO) administration to isoflurane-anesthetized horses in dorsal recumbency.Animals-3 healthy adult Standardbreds.Procedures-Nitric oxide was pulsed into the inspired gases in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Assessment of V-A/Q matching, Qs/Qt, and PaO2 content was performed by use of the MIGET, and spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow was measured by perfusion scintigraphy following IV injection of technetium Tc 99m-labeled macroaggregated human albumin before, during, and 30 minutes after cessation of PiNO administration.Results-During PiNO administration, significant redistribution of blood flow from the dependent regions to the nondependent regions of the lungs was found and was reflected by improvements in V-A/Q matching, decreases in Qs/Qt, and increases in PaO2 content, all of which reverted to baseline values at 30 minutes after PiNO administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Administration of PiNO in anesthetized dorsally recumbent horses resulted in redistribution of pulmonary blood flow from dependent atelectatic lung regions to nondependent aerated lung regions. Because hypoxemia is commonly the result of atelectasis in anesthetized dorsally recumbent horses, the addition of nitric oxide to inhaled gases could be used clinically to alleviate hypoxemia in horses during anesthesia.
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| 6. |
- Grubb, Tamara L, et al.
(författare)
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Physiologic responses and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645 .- 1943-5681. ; 69:3, s. 423-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess physiologic responses and plasma endothelin (ET)-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult Standardbreds. PROCEDURES: Horses were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and placed in dorsal recumbency. Nitric oxide was pulsed into the respiratory tract for 2.5 hours, and then administration was abruptly discontinued. Just prior to commencement and at cessation of NO administration, and at intervals during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, several variables including PaO(2), mean pulmonary artery pressure, venous admixture or pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), and plasma ET-1 concentration were recorded or calculated. RESULTS: After cessation of NO inhalation, PaO(2) decreased slowly but significantly (172.7 +/- 29.8 mm Hg to 84.6 +/- 10.9 mm Hg) and Qs/Qt increased slowly but significantly (25 +/- 2% to 40 +/- 3%) over a 30-minute period. Mean pulmonary artery pressure increased slightly (14.0 +/- 1.3 mm Hg to 16.8 +/- 1 mm Hg) over the same time period. No change in serum ET-1 concentration was detected, and other variables did not change or underwent minor changes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The improvement in arterial oxygenation during pulsed inhalation of NO to healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses decreased only gradually during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, and serum ET-1 concentration was not affected. Because a rapid rebound response did not develop, inhalation of NO might be clinically useful in the treatment of hypoxemia in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hallert, Claes, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing Fecal Butyrate in Ulcerative Colitis Patients by Diet : Controlled Pilot Study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 9:2, s. 116-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topical butyrate has been shown to be effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Butyrate is derived from colonic fermentation of dietary fiber, and our aim was to study whether UC patients could safely increase the fecal butyrate level by dietary means. We enrolled 22 patients with quiescent UC (mean age, 44 years; 45% women; median time from last relapse, 1 year) in a controlled pilot trial lasting 3 months. The patients were instructed to add 60 g oat bran (corresponding to 20 g dietary fiber) to the daily diet, mainly as bread slices. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate, disease activity, and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded every 4 weeks. During the oat bran intervention the fecal butyrate concentration increased by 36% at 4 weeks (from 11 +/- 2 (mean +/- SEM) to 15 +/- 2 mumol/g feces) (p < 0.01). The mean butyrate concentration over the entire test period was 14 +/-1 μmol/g feces (p < 0.05). Remaining fecal SCFA levels were unchanged. No patient showed signs of colitis relapse. Unlike controls, the patients showed no increase in gastrointestinal complaints during the trial. Yet patients reporting abdominal pain and reflux complaints at entry showed significant improvement at 12 weeks that returned to baseline 3 months later. This pilot study shows that patients with quiescent UC can safely take a diet rich in oat bran specifically to increase the fecal butyrate level. This may have clinical implications and warrants studies of the long-term benefits of using oat bran in the maintenance therapy in UC.
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| 9. |
- Kassberg, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived occupational balance in people with stroke
- 2021
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 43:4, s. 553-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The balance of activities in daily life can become disrupted after a stroke; however, previous research has mainly focused on the performance of daily activities. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact that stroke has on various aspects of balance in activities for working-age people.Purpose To describe how persons with stroke perceived their occupational balance and to explore whether occupational balance was associated with the severity of disability, fatigue and sociodemographic characteristics.Methods This cross-sectional study included 63 working-age persons with stroke. The Occupational Balance Questionnaire, Glasgow Outcome Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale were used and analyzed statistically.Results The majority of participants disagreed or strongly disagreed that they perceived occupational balance in most of the investigated aspects. Moreover, few significant associations were found between total summed occupational balance and injury and sociodemographic characteristics.Conclusion These results demonstrate the importance of considering occupational balance in the rehabilitation of persons with stroke to support their engagement in a variety of meaningful activities that contribute to health.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONRehabilitation need to support persons with stroke to monitor their entire patterns of activities and perceived balance to support wider engagement in meaningful activities and promote health.Balance between all kinds of activities in daily life besides work, needs to be considered in the later phase of rehabilitation in persons with stroke.A majority of the participants with stroke in this study disagreed that they had a satisfying level of occupational balance.Perceived balance between all activities in daily life can together with performance of activities add to the understanding of consequences after stroke.
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| 10. |
- Körlof, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Older Adults’ Experiences of Using Strategies to Maintain and Foster Social Participation: A Systematic Review with Metasynthesis of Qualitative Studies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social participation is positively associated with older adults’ health. Health-care services, therefore, need to empower older adults to adapt to the social changes that accompany aging. This systematic review, with a metasynthesis of qualitative studies, aimed to describe and develop an understanding of home-dwelling older adults’ (65 yrs+) experiences of using strategies to maintain and foster their social participation. The main search was performed in March 2022 using the PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and AMED databases and included peer-reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2022. A total of 35 full-text articles from 15 different countries were included and assessed for quality by the assessment tool for qualitative studies provided by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). The metasynthesis resulted in the main theme: strategically creating routines that foster social participation and two main categories: inward-looking strategies for social participation and outward-looking strategies for social participation. Each main category contained three subcategories. The findings suggest that for perceiving social participation, it is important for older adults to create routines with patterns of activities and to be able to engage in these activities. The findings further reflect that older adults use earlier experiences of social participation to facilitate the making of routines. This indicates that health-care interventions supporting older adults’ social participation must be applied early and with a health-promotive focus. Conclusively, researchers need to develop interventions that support older adults in healthy activity patterns by raising awareness of how to use inward-looking and outward-looking strategies to create routines for social participation. The findings further suggest that older adults’ possibilities for social participation could be supported by designing accessible venues that facilitate spontaneous meetings and encourage older adults’ own choices and initiatives for social participation.
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| 11. |
- Larsson-Lund, Maria, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Begreppen delaktighet och aktivitet: utmaningar och möjligheter för utbildning, praxis och forskning
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aktivitetsbegreppet är och har varit centralt inom arbetsterapi sedan professionens begynnelse. Dock har fokus på aktivitet varit mer eller mindre tydligt under olika paradigm inom arbetsterapi och i det framväxande och nutida aktivitetsparadigmet framhålls utmaningar att arbeta utifrån en aktivitetsfokuserad och aktivitetsbaserad praxis. Det är därför intressant att reflektera över hur begrepp som relateras till arbetsterapins teoribildning kommit att influera vår utbildning, praxis och forskning. Ett sådant begrepp är delaktighet. Begreppet delaktighet har kommit att influera arbetsterapi framförallt efter introduktionen av den internationella klassifikationen för funktionstillstånd, funktionshinder och hälsa (ICF). Begreppet delaktighet kom snabbt därefter att, på olika sätt, inkluderas och eller relateras till praxismodeller i arbetsterapi. En reflektion av hur delaktighetsbegreppet knyts an till praxismodeller kan identifiera utmaningar och möjligheter relaterat till arbetsterapins unika fokus på aktivitet. Syftet med workshopen är att generera en diskussion inom arbetsterapi kring användningen av begreppen delaktighet och aktivitet i utbildning, forskning och yrkesutövning. Tillvägagångssätt: Reflektion och diskussion i grupp utifrån frågeställningar som baseras på en granskning av begreppen delaktighet och aktivitet i praxismodeller i arbetsterapi. Förväntat resultat En ökad medvetenhet om hur begreppen används och kan stödja en aktivitetsfokuserad och aktivitetsbaserad praxis och forskning.
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| 12. |
- Larsson-Lund, Maria, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Digitaliseringen i samhället : Nya möjligheter för människans aktivitet, professionen, utbildningen och forskningen?
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- WorkshopDigitaliseringen i samhället: Nya möjligheter för människans aktivitet, professionen, utbildningen och forskningen?Bakgrund: Digitaliseringen har bidragit till en ökad användning av teknik i våra aktiviteter i hem, skola, på arbetsplatser och i samhället Digital kompentens har följaktligen blivit en viktig förutsättning för ett självständigt, aktivt liv, för delaktighet och inklusion i samhället, för hälsa och välbefinnande hos de klientgrupper arbetsterapeuten möter. Det här förändrar delvis arbetsterapeutens (framtida) arbetsinnehåll och arbetssätt. Likaså bidrar digitaliseringen till en ständig utveckling av digitala verktyg och tjänster samt ny e- hälsa teknik, vilka kommer att förändra arbetssätten inom hälso-och sjukvård. Digital kompetens är följaktligen av stor vikt för arbetsterapeuter liksom andra yrkesgrupper inom hälso- och sjukvård. Såväl nationellt som internationellt påtalas vikten av att utbildning reorganiseras så att digitaliseringen och den tekniska utvecklingen tillvaratas för att motsvara (framtida) behov i samhället och för att öka utbildningens kvalité. I linje med detta definieras digital kompetens av EU som en av nyckel komponenterna för livslångtlärande. Mot bakgrund till denna utveckling i samhället behöver utvecklingsområden för kunskaper i arbetsterapi identifieras. Kunskaper om digitaliseringen, kvalitets kriterier för e- lärande, teorier/ modeller för digital kompetens och e-lärande samt digitala verktyg kan utgöra ett stöd i detta utvecklingsarbete.Syftet med workshopen är att bidra till en ökad insikt i digitaleringens betydelse för människors aktiviteter, för professionen arbetsterapeut, vår utbildning och forskning.Förväntat resultat: Avsikten är att stärka deltagarnas digitala kompetens kring de effekter digitaliseringen kan få för människans aktiviteter och skapa bättre beredskap för att möta utmaningar och möjligheter som digitaliseringen medför. Vidare att ge ökad förståelse för den kompetens som kommer krävas av framtidens arbetsterapeuter och behovet av livslångt lärande.
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| 13. |
- Larsson-Lund, Maria, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational challenges in a digital society : A discussion inspiring occupational therapy to cross thresholds and embrace possibilities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 27:8, s. 550-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The digital transformation of society and the increased need for digital competence implies extensive changes in peoples’ everyday lives and occupations. Heretofore, the discussion in the field of occupational therapy about the consequences of digitalisation has been vague. The aim of this discussion paper is to outline some reflections and to offer some arguments on how to meet the changes following digitalisation and its impact on occupational therapy. The discussion focuses on three issues: the new conditions for participation in a digital society and the role of occupational therapy and occupational therapists in the evolving digital society as well as what occupational therapists need to be pro-active and to embrace the ongoing changes in a digital society. In conclusion, occupational therapy needs to advance its position and become pro-active to cross the threshold and to embrace the possibilities that digitalisation holds for peoples’ everyday lives to support occupational justice and health.
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| 14. |
- Larsson Lund, Maria, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimising the development of sustainable internet-based occupational therapy interventions: Important key actions and perspectives to consider
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 29:4, s. 259-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundBy examining the health needs of the general population and utilising the potential of digitalisation as a driving force, new internet-based services need to be developed in occupational therapy. However, existing guidelines for the development of complex interventions provide scant information on how to develop internet-based interventions.AimThe aim of this paper is to share experiences and illustrate important key actions and new perspectives to consider during the innovation process of developing and designing an internet-based occupational therapy intervention.Method and MaterialsInternational guidelines for intervention development was reviewed to add important perspectives in the innovation process.ResultsThe illustration focuses on five key actions in the development phase to highlight new perspectives and questions important to consider when designing new internet-based occupational therapy interventions.ConclusionThe new perspectives can complement existing guidelines to enhance the development of more effective and sustainable internet-based interventions.SignificanceThe illustration provided has potential to improve the sustainability in innovation processes of new internet-based occupational therapy interventions.
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| 15. |
- Larsson-Lund, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Participation and occupation in occupational therapy models of practice : A discussion of possibilities and challenges
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 24:6, s. 393-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Occupation has been the focus in occupational therapy practice to greater or lesser degrees from a historical viewpoint. This evokes a need to discuss whether concepts that are added to our field will enhance or blur our focus on occupation.Aim: To explore how the concept of participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is related to the concept of occupation by reviewing and comparing its use in three models of practice within occupational therapy. The aim was also to generate discussion on possibilities and challenges concerning the relationship of participation and occupation.Method: The models reviewed were The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) and the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (OTIPM).Results: The concept of participation was related to occupation in different ways in these models. Based on the review some challenges and considerations for occupational therapy were generated.Conclusion: Relating the concept of participation from the ICF to the concept of occupation in models of practice can be challenging. At the same time, relating the concepts can be a resource to develop occupational therapy and the understanding of occupational issues in society.
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| 16. |
- Larsson-Lund, Maria, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for Empowering activities in Everyday life (SEE 1.0): study protocol for a feasibility study of an Internet-based occupational therapy intervention for people with stroke
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 2055-5784. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rehabilitation after stroke seldom focuses on needs related to an active everyday life and the process of change that people must undergo to adapt to an altered capacity and life situation. In particular, occupational therapy in the late phase needs to support clients in adopting sustainable self-initiated management strategies to regain daily activities and an active everyday life. To improve access to rehabilitation, the use of digital solutions has been suggested. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the Internet-based occupational therapy intervention “Strategies for Empowering activities in Everyday life” (SEE, version 1.0). We will investigate the feasibility of the intervention process in terms of acceptability and adherence as well as the most suitable outcome measures to evaluate SEE and improve the knowledge about the potential changes and outcomes of SEE for clients with stroke.Methods: This feasibility study is based on a pretest posttest design without a control group. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected from clients and staff concurrently embedded in a mixed-method design during the entire study.Discussion: The project is a first test of a novel Internet-based occupational therapy intervention, and the research will contribute to the continued development and evaluation of the SEE programme. SEE can provide people with strategies in daily activities that can support them to live an active everyday life despite changed capacity and to improve access to rehabilitation interventions.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Löfgren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Older adults’ experiences of maintaining social participation : Creating opportunities and striving to adapt to changing situations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 29:7, s. 587-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSocial participation concerns the possibility of engaging in activities in interaction with others or society at large and contributes to the health and well-being of older adults. In contrast, a lack of social participation is associated with loneliness. It is, therefore, important to understand what strategies older adults use to maintain social participation.AimTo explore and describe older adults’ experiences of maintaining social participation.Materials and methodsNine older adults, aged 69–92 years, participated in interviews that were analysed through qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe overall findings reflect how older adults create opportunities for social participation by developing strategies and striving to adapt to changing situations, emphasizing how maintaining social participation is an active process. Preserving social participation requires motivation and an effort to take initiative to cultivate social relations, maintain community bonds, engage in social events and activities and stay connected with society.Conclusions and significanceThese results may extend our understanding of strategies that older adults use, as well as the challenges they face when striving to adapt to new circumstances. This study may have implications for the practice of how to support older adults’ social participation.
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| 19. |
- Malinowsky, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of participation : Facilitating and hindering aspects related to places for activities outside the home after stroke
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 27:3, s. 204-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Being engaged in activities in places outside the home after a stroke can be challenging. Knowledge about what characterize places outside the home is important to support participation.Objectives: To explore patterns of participation in places for activities outside the home after stroke and whether these patterns were associated with personal and environmental aspects.Material and methods: Sixty-three people with stroke were interviewed using the Participation in Activities and Places Outside Home (ACT-OUT) questionnaire. A two-step cluster analysis was used to identify patterns of participation and non-parametric test was used to explore potential associations to the patterns of participation.Results: Four clusters of patterns of participation, based on frequency, familiarity of the place/the way to the place and perceived distance, were identified. The patterns were significantly associated with type of place, activity domain, retained or abandoned participation, transportation and being accompanied by someone. The severity of disability was significantly associated with groups of individuals with different patterns of participation.Conclusions: Different combinations of aspects facilitated and hindered whether or not participation changed. To support people with stroke in their endeavour to retain or recapture participation, social support is important to consider in relation to transportation, activities and places outside the home.
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| 20. |
- Nalin, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Positron emission tomography imaging of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic pigs
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 41:9, s. 1800-1810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has been proposed as a target for molecular imaging of beta cells. The feasibility of non-invasive imaging and quantification of GLP-1R in pancreas using the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 in non-diabetic and streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetic pigs treated with insulin was investigated.MethodsNon-diabetic (n = 4) and STZ-induced diabetic pigs (n = 3) from the same litter were examined. Development of diabetes was confirmed by blood glucose values, clinical examinations and insulin staining of pancreatic sections post mortem. Tissue perfusion in the pancreas and kidneys was evaluated by [15O]water PET/computed tomography (CT) scans. The in vivo receptor specificity of [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 was assessed by administration of either tracer alone or by competition with 3–6.5 μg/kg of Exendin-4. Volume of distribution and occupancy in the pancreas were quantified with a single tissue compartment model.Results[15O]water PET/CT examinations showed reduced perfusion in the pancreas and kidneys in diabetic pigs. [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 uptake in the pancreas of both non-diabetic and diabetic pigs was almost completely abolished by co-injection of unlabeled Exendin-4 peptide. [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 uptake did not differ between non-diabetic and diabetic pigs. In all animals, administration of the tracer resulted in an immediate increase in the heart rate (HR).ConclusionPancreatic uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 was not reduced by destruction of beta cells in STZ-induced diabetic pigs.
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| 21. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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A Narrative of Agency Enacted within the Everyday Occupations of an Older Swedish Woman
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 21:4, s. 459-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores how agency is enacted in everyday occupations with others and evolves over time. Agency is a complex concept that is closely linked to human occupation. By using a transactional perspective and a narrative approach, our ambition was to explore agency beyond individual acts or responsibilities. To achieve this, we used a story of an older woman in the context of being widowed and living with late-life depression. Data were generated over time using interviews and by taking part in the participant's everyday occupations. Narrative analysis was used to create a contextualized in-depth story. The findings show how resources embedded in enacted stories can challenge one's view of oneself as a victim and create possibilities to be an agent, thereby illustrating how agency becomes enacted in the context of acting together in everyday occupations. In light of these findings, we reflect on how a transactional perspective can contribute to exploring the concept of agency as contextually situated and embedded in occupations. Further, we reflect on how the transactional dimensions of everyday occupations can be explored through a narrative approach.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Being part of an enacted togetherness : narratives of elderly people with depression
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-4065 .- 1879-193X. ; 26:4, s. 410-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we explored how five elderly persons with depression engaged in everyday activities with others, over time, and how this was related to their experience of meaning. Repeated interviews and participant observations generated data that was analysed using a narrative approach. Analysis identified togetherness as an acted relation, “enacted togetherness”, emphasising how the act of doing everyday activities with someone created togetherness and belonging, and being part of an enacted togetherness seemed to be a way for the participants to negotiate and construct meaning. Opportunities for doing things together with someone were closely associated to the place where the participants lived. Furthermore, engagement in activities together with others created hope and expectations of future acting. Findings from this research can extend our understanding of how participating in everyday activities is experienced as a social process including change over time, presenting the perspective of elderly people themselves. In light of these findings, we highlight the need to consider how opportunities to become part of an enacted togetherness can be created. Also, we aspire to contribute to the debate on how to understand the complexity related to social aspects of ageing and add to the emerging understanding of everyday activities as transactional, incorporating people and the environment in a dynamic process that goes beyond the individual.
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| 24. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Being part of an unfolding story : togetherness in everyday occupations when ageing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21:5, s. 368-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and enhance the understanding of how togetherness in everyday occupations is experienced and discussed among older adults. Method: Focus-group discussions generated the data and a total of 12 participants, including six women and six men, divided into three groups, participated in this study. Analysis was performed using a grounded theory approach. Results: The findings reflect how togetherness in everyday occupations can be comprehended as multifold transactional processes, emphasizing how an acted belonging was a situated experience connecting people and places through unfolding stories. The findings suggest that the process of meaning-making in ongoing life was closely associated with togetherness and was negotiated with others through shared culture and experiences. Togetherness meant being part of something in which the persons involved were contributing to each other in various ways. However, being part of togetherness was complicated, especially when the person’s life situation was challenged in some way. Conclusions: It was apparent from the analysis that togetherness could not be taken for granted. Rather, the findings reflect how togetherness was created and maintained through an ongoing process of nurturing established relationships as well as creating something new around occupations with others.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Enacted togetherness : A concept to understand occupation as socio-culturally situated
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 28:1, s. 41-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This paper is in line with the on-going discussion of a theoretical re-orientation towards acknowledging the socio-cultural dimensions of occupation.Aim: To define enacted togetherness as a concept and share our understandings of how this concept can add to the understanding of occupation as socio-culturally situated.Method and material: The concept enacted togetherness emerged from empirical findings of a larger research project with older adults living with late-life depression. Informed by a transactional understanding of occupation and a narrative approach, the concept emerged as a contextually situated process holding qualities and potential as a source of meaning-making.Findings: Enacted togetherness as described herein has a clear association to occupation in terms of doing activities together. We reflect on enacted togetherness as a process of meaning-making, connecting people and places through unfolding stories; as an arena where togetherness and belonging can be created; and as a space for interpretation, providing opportunities to negotiate issues of meaning that can lead to possibilities for change.Conclusion: The concept of enacted togetherness can contribute to the ongoing discussion of a theoretical reorientation towards understanding socio-cultural dimensions of occupation.Significance: Enacted togetherness is a concept that can contribute to occupational therapy and occupational science as it adds to an understanding of the qualities and potentials inherent in engagement in occupations with others.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Information and communication technology in home-based rehabilitation – a discussion of possibilities and challenges
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 30:1, s. 14-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Information and communication technology (ICT) has been proven to have effect in terms of providing alternative ways to deliver rehabilitation services. The intention with this paper is to serve as a foundation for discussions regarding the future development, design, and delivery of home-based rehabilitation, including ICT.Aim: To reflect on and discuss the possibilities and challenges of using ICT in home-based rehabilitation services.Method and material: We use experiences and results from various projects to reflect on and discuss possibilities and challenges related to the use of ICT in home-based rehabilitation.Findings and discussion: We exemplify how ICT present new possibilities that can increase the quality of the rehabilitation process and improve access to services. We reflect on some challenges in the use of ICT, related to non-user-friendly solutions, to the specific rehabilitation situation, and a lack of technical support. At an organisational level, readiness to use ICT can impact the extent to which new solutions are integrated into practice.Conclusion: We emphasise that ICT has the potential to develop and improve service delivery and contribute to increased quality and accessibility of home-based rehabilitation.
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| 30. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceived occupational value in people with acquired brain injury
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 28:5, s. 391-398
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is well known that engagement in occupations becomes restricted after acquired brain injury (ABI), but little is known about how this influences occupational values and occupational balance.Aim: To describe the extent to which persons with ABI perceived occupational value; to explore whether occupational value and occupational balance were associated with life satisfaction, and to explore how occupational value, occupational balance, the severity of disability, fatigue and sociodemographic characteristics influenced life satisfaction.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 75 participants of work- ing age with ABI who responded to questionnaires on occupational value, occupational balance, and life satisfaction. Additionally, instruments covering fatigue and severity of disability were administered. Data were analyzed by means of comparisons, correlations and logistic regression.Results: A high perceived occupational value and a high perceived occupational balance were significantly associated with satisfaction with life as a whole, psychological health and somatic health. The logistic regression showed that occupational value, occupational balance and sever- ity of disability significantly impacted satisfaction with life as a whole.Conclusions and significance: Occupational value and occupational balance together with severity of disability, are important areas of focus in the later phase of rehabilitation after ABI to promote satisfaction with life as a whole.
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| 31. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Rethinking occupation in research and clinical practice: Joining people, places and meaning
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Josephsson S, Alsaker S, Isaksson G, Lindström M, Aldrich R, Nyman A. Rethinking occupation in research and clinical practice: Joining people, places and meaning. Discussion Forum at Conference: SSO: USA; Society for the Study of occupation: USA, October 2012.Recent developments in occupational science conceptualize occupation and its relation to place in terms of dynamic processes rather than components and structures. It could be phrased as a move from what occupation is to how it works. There has been a simultaneous trend of challenging the view of occupation as residing within individuals. Combining these two developments, occupation may now be conceptualized as emerging from situations that encompass transactions of person, culture, environment, and more. The aim of this panel is to reflect and discuss the consequence of this shift for occupation-based research and practice. Based on the included papers we will argue for the need of a less individual and static conceptualization of occupation and we will consider possible ways on how such shift of conceptualization can be achieved. The panel will include five papers: Sissel Alsaker will present research on enacted meaning using a narrative– in – action approach among women in Norway with chronic rheumatic condition. She will argue for how narrative – in – action might be an analytic resource to access occupation as ongoing processes rather than in terms of static characteristics. Maria Lindström will discuss based on her intervention research on persons with persistent mental illness, showing how the lack of a social conceptualization of occupation can decrease the visibility of certain research results. Gunilla Isaksson will base her reasoning on a narrative study on how men living with women with spinal cord injury experienced and acted in the complex process of change they went through after the women’s injury and how support was acted among them and their social network. Rebecca Aldrich will discuss the relationship of process and occupation’s social nature, as exemplified by data on routines from ethnographic research on North Carolinian discouraged workers. Finally, Anneli Nyman will demonstrate drawing from an ongoing study on social processes of participation among elderly women with depression and using narrative analysis on interview data, how enacted togetherness can be a resource for occupation-based practice with persons under such conditions. References: Aldrich, R. & Dickie, V. (In press): “It’s hard to plan your day when you have no money”: Discouraged workers’ occupational possibilities and the need to reconceptualize routine. Work, A Journal of Prevention, Assessment, and Rehabilitation. Alsaker, S. & Josephsson, S. (2010) Occupation and meaning: Narrative in everyday activities of women with chronic rheumatic conditions. OTJR – Occupation, Participation and Health, 30(2), 58-67). Lindström, M (2011) Promoting agency among people with severe psychiatric disability: occupation-oriented interventions in home and community settings. (Doctoral dissertation). Umeå University Key words: occupation; social; process; unit of analyses Discussion: -Why is it important for occupational science research to rethink how we conceptualize occupation? -What can a contextual, process-oriented and multifaceted conceptualization of occupation mean in occupational science research as well as clinical practice? -What are the consequences of such conceptualizations for how we measure and assess outcomes in research as well as in practice?
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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The Process of Using Participatory Action Research when Trying out an ICT Solution in Home-Based Rehabilitation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes the process of using PAR and discusses the strengths and challenges of adopting it as a methodology. With a pilot project “the rehabilitation journey†as a showcase, we share experiences of how we co-created knowledge and illustrate the actions taken and participants’ involvement in the process. This pilot project aimed to explore how ICT solutions can create new ways to deliver home-based rehabilitation that meet the needs of the organization, rehabilitation professionals, and older persons. Our experience is that using PAR as a research method had several strengths. Our project stemmed from demographic and epidemiological trends in society viewed as a “real life problem†experienced on different levels in the organization of home-based rehabilitation. At the same time, PAR was a challenging research method to use, as it was time-consuming and required the commitment and contribution over time of the different participants involved. There were also specific challenges that had to be considered regarding routines and regulations, as the pilot project was conducted in a health care context. This article aspires to offer methodological guidelines by using a six-step method to illustrate a PAR process. We propose that these guidelines can act as a tool to guide researchers in carrying out PAR.
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| 34. |
- Nyman, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Togetherness in another way : Internet as a tool for togetherness in everyday occupations among older adults
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 22:5, s. 387-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This article explores and describes how the Internet was experienced as a tool for togetherness in everyday occupations among older adults. Methods: Discussions with 12 older adults, divided into three focus groups, generated data that were analysed using a grounded theory approach. Six women and six men between 67 and 79 years of age were purposively selected and recruited from a retirement organization in northern Sweden. Results: Findings reflect how online contexts generated new possibilities for togetherness in everyday occupations and created a sense of belonging with others and to society at large. However, togetherness through the Internet was also associated with ambiguity and uncertainty among older adults. The Internet provided opportunities for togetherness that were somehow different from togetherness derived from face-to-face contact, but it was also connected with a fear and a resistance. Conclusions: Findings from this research can extend our understanding of how online contexts have the possibility to promote togetherness in everyday occupations and what it means to be part of such a context among older adults. In light of these findings, the need is highlighted to consider the Internet as a tool for older adults to be socially engaged with the potential to reduce loneliness and isolation.
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| 35. |
- Nyman, Anneli
(författare)
-
Togetherness in everyday occupations : how participation in on-going life with others enables change
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to provide knowledge of how everyday occupations with others can be understood as an on-going and evolving process in people’s lives. This thesis includes four papers, all with a qualitative approach and a focus on everyday occupations with others from the perspective of people in different life situations. In Study I, nine persons with rheumatoid arthritis were interviewed on how they experienced the influence of others on their engagement in occupations. Data was analyzed using a constant comparative method, showing how everyday occupations with others could be understood as constructive collaboration or insufficient collaboration. These kinds of collaboration were related to different actions, undertaken by other persons, which created or restricted possibilities for occupational engagement and the experience of it, such as autonomy and meaning. Study II was conducted with five elderly persons living with late-life depression focusing on how they engaged in everyday occupations with others, over time, and how this was related to their experience of meaning. Repeated interviews and participant observations generated data that was analyzed using a narrative approach. Based on the analysis, the concept of enacted togetherness was constructed, comprehending togetherness as an acted relation, creating an acted belonging rather than just a feeling or sense of belonging. Being part of an enacted togetherness was a way for the participants to negotiate and create meaning in their everyday lives. Further, findings suggest that being part of an enacted togetherness created possibilities to enact agency. Study III explored how agency is enacted in everyday occupations with others and evolves over time for an older woman living with late-life depression. A contextualized in-depth story was created through narrative analysis based on interviews and participant observations. Findings provide an example of how conditions for agency is related to socially situated and embedded experiences rather than associated with the individual’s capacity or ability to act independently in different situations. In Study IV focus group discussions was conducted with twelve old persons and a constant comparative method was used to explore and gain insight into how togetherness in everyday occupations with others was experienced and discussed. Findings show how everyday occupation with others can be comprehended as a multifold transactional process, emphasizing how an acted belonging was a situated experience connecting people and places through an unfolding story. In conclusion, this thesis contributes with an understanding of how everyday occupations with others can be comprehended as an arena where togetherness and belonging can be created. Engaging in occupations with others was a way to gain access to and become part of an unfolding story where issues related to meaning-making could be negotiated. Moreover, this thesis emphasizes how situated experiences connected to occupations with others promote participation and enable change. Therefore, it is of importance to consider occupation as transactional and focus on the situations in which people’s everyday occupations take place, in order to support agency and participation when empowering clients to achieve change.
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| 36. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Att leva som förut är inte ett alternativ : Berättelser från två personer med förvärvad hjärnskada
- 2017
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aktiviteter utanför hemmet kan vara utmanande för personer med förvärvad hjärnskada (FHS) och måste betraktas i förhållande till personens hela repertoar av aktiviteter. Vi vet idag lite om den komplexitet av interagerande faktorer som kan orsaka problematiska situationer för personer med FHS vilket gör att dessa är svåra att förutse. För att hantera pågående förändringar i aktivitetssituationer krävs stödjande strategier. Mer kunskap behövs därför om den ömsesidiga relationen mellan person och kontext för att bättre förstå hur det påverkar personens agerande och hur de influerar tillgång till platser samt aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Syftet med studien var att utforska och identifiera problematiska situationer relaterat till aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Metod: Berättelser från två personer med FHS användes för att illustrera hur de agerade i och reflekterade över problematiska situationer. Data samlades in via kvalitativa intervjuer och deltagande observationer som genomfördes vid upprepade tillfällen. En narrativ metod användes för att kunna fånga pågående processer relaterat till hur deltagarna agerade och reflekterade kring problematiska situationer relaterat till deras engagemang i aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Resultatet: visar hur deltagarna på olika sätt ställs inför problematiska situationer i samband med att de engagerar sig i aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Att leva ett liv som tidigare är inte längre ett alternativ och de kämpar för att upprätthålla men också finna nya vanor och rutiner som får vardagen att fungera. Det är en ständigt pågående kamp att försöka hantera oförutsedda händelser och försöka kontrollera olika situationer de ställs inför. Då de inte längre yrkesarbetar blir aktiviteter utanför hemmet än viktigare än tidigare men deras berättelser speglar hur deras aktivitetsrepertoar minskar och hur de dragit sig tillbaka från olika arenor vilket medfört att deras sociala värld har krympt och de utför fler aktiviteter ensam och i hemmet.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Everyday activities outside the home are a struggle : Narratives from two persons with acquired brain injury
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 27:3, s. 194-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Participation restriction is a common consequence after acquired brain injury (ABI).Aim: To explore and identify problematic situations in everyday activities outside the home for persons with acquired brain injury.Material and Method: Two persons of working age with ABI were included. Data were generated through repeated semi-structured interviews and participant observations. Narrative analysis was used to capture ongoing processes related to problematic situations during engagement in everyday activities outside the home.Results: The narratives reflect how places, everyday activities and social relations were closely connected and influenced engagement in everyday activities outside the home. The participants visited fewer places and performed more of their everyday activities alone in their homes after the injury compared to before. They were struggling to create meaning in their lives and trying to reformulate their identity. Problematic situations often occurred outside the home as a result of unexpected events. The narratives indicate a struggle to find new routines to handle challenging situations.Conclusions: The results provide an understanding of how problematic situations occurred and were managed in different ways. By observing everyday situations professionals can gain access to how persons with ABI act in and reflect upon problematic situations which can eventually improve the design of individually tailored interventions.
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| 40. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, 1978-
(författare)
-
Möjlighet till aktivitet och delaktighet utanför hemmet för personer med förvärvad hjärnskada
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att öka kunskapen om möjlighet till aktivitet och delaktighet utanför hemmet för personer i yrkesverksam ålder med förvärvad hjärnskada (FHS).Studie I syftade till att utforska och beskriva hur personer med FHS erfar engagemang i aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Intervjuer genomfördes med åtta deltagare och data analyserades genom konstant komparativ metod. Resultatet visade att svårigheter att bearbeta intryck, fatigue, förberedelse och upplevda risker var avgörande för deras begräsningar av engagemang i aktiveter. De använde nya strategier för att möjliggöra engagemang i aktiviteter med olika konsekvenser för deras liv. Studie II syftade till att utforska och identifiera problematiska situationer relaterat till aktiviteter utanför hemmet för personer med FHS. Upprepade intervjuer och deltagande observationer genomfördes med två deltagare och genererade data som analyserades med narrativ metod. Deltagarnas berättelser speglar hur det var en ständig kamp att försöka hantera oförutsedda händelser och kontrollera olika situationer de ställdes inför när de engagerade sig i aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Vidare, hur de dragit sig tillbaka från olika platser vilket medförde att deras sociala liv begränsats och att fler aktiviteter utfördes ensam och i hemmet efter skadan. Studie III syftade till att beskriva och jämföra upplevd delaktighet på platser utanför hemmet hos personer med stroke samt relationen mellan det totalt antal platser som besöktes, funktionshindrets svårighetsgrad och sociodemografisk data. Intervjuer genomfördes med sextiotre deltagare med stroke utifrån instrumentet ACT-OUT. Data analyserades med deskriptiv statistik, icke parametriska test, ANOVA och General Linear Model (GLM). Resultatet visade att gruppen med god återhämtning besökte i genomsnitt flest antal platser följt av dem med medelsvårt och svårt funktionshinder och skillnaden mellan grupperna vara signifikant. Skillnader i besökta platser var framförallt relaterat till platser för sociala, kulturella och andliga aktiviteter samt platser för rekreation och fysisk aktivitet. Oavsett funktionhindrets svårighetsgrad önskade deltagarna besöka platser i framtiden som de förnärvarande inte besökte. Funktionshindrets svårighetsgrad och bilkörning var signifikant associerade med det totala antalet besökta platser för aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Studie IV syftade till att utforska mönster av delaktighet på platser för aktiviteter utanför hemmet och om dessa mönster var relaterade till funktionshindrets svårighetsgrad och faktorer i miljön. Intervjuer genomfördes med samma deltagare och instrument som i studie III och analyserades med deskriptiv statistik, icke parametriska test och tvåstegs klusteranalys. Av analysen framkom fem mönster av delaktighet innehållande fyra möjliggörande och hindrande aspekter; upplevt avstånd till platsen, hur frekvent platsen besöktes och hur familjär platsen samt vägen till platsen var. Resultatet visade att det endast fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan mönstren när det gällde transport till och från platsen och socialt stöd.Sammanfattningsvis bidrar denna avhandling med kunskap om de mångfacetterade ständigt föränderliga utmaningar och problematiska situationer som personer med FHS erfar vid engagemang i aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Vidare, om strategier i aktivitet som möjliggör att personer med FHS kan återuppta och/eller bibehålla aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Avhandlingen bidrar även med kunskap om samband och mönster som påverkar upplevd delaktighet på platser för aktiviteter utanför hemmet, vilket är av betydelse för att förstå relationen mellan aktiviteter och platser. För att utveckla utformningen av rehabiliteringsinsatser som stärker möjlighet till aktivitet och delaktighet efter FHS behöver såväl aktiviteter som platser utanför hemmet samt aspekter som påverkar relationer dem emellan beaktas.
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| 41. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupations outside the home : Experiences of people with acquired brain injury
- 2017
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 80:8, s. 486-493
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionUnderstanding those occupations outside the home that people with acquired brain injury find difficult, including the influencing factors, may help to develop appropriate support. The aim of this paper was to explore and describe how people with acquired brain injury experience engagement in occupations outside the home.MethodThis qualitative study included repeated semi-structured interviews with eight working-age persons with acquired brain injury, which were analysed by a constant comparison analysis.FindingsThe findings indicated that there were three influencing factors that had a critical effect on the participants’ changes in their engagement in occupations, the strategies they adopted, and the consequences for their lives. The categories reflected how the different changes in occupations outside the home were influenced by their struggles with sensory processing and fatigue, difficulties with completing preparations, and occupational risks.ConclusionThe findings indicate that to improve engagement in occupations outside the home for people with acquired brain injury, professionals need to identify the different factors that are critical for each person’s engagement. The findings also indicate the importance of considering not only occupations outside the home but also preparations required at home and recovery afterward, and how engagement outside the home is influenced by the entire occupational repertoire.
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| 42. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Places visited for activities outside the home after stroke : Relationship with the severity of disability
- 2020
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 83:6, s. 405-412
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionKnowledge about the places people visit or do not visit after stroke is lacking. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the places visited for activities outside the home of people with stroke of working age and to explore the influence of the severity of disability, fatigue, driving a car and sociodemographic characteristics on the total number of places visited for activities outside the home.MethodsAn exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted and 63 people with stroke were interviewed with instruments that covered places outside the home, severity of disability and fatigue. Data were analysed using non-parametric tests, analysis of variance and the general linear model.ResultsSignificant difference in the total number of places visited for activities outside the home were found between all three groups of severity of disability. The good recovery group visited eight places to a significantly higher extent than those with severe/moderate disability. The severity of disability and driving a car were the only aspects that significantly influenced the total number of places visited.ConclusionsPlaces for activities outside the home people with stroke visit and changes therein can add valuable knowledge about participation that can be used in the design of rehabilitation.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Rydén, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular side-effects and insulin secretion after intravenous administration of radiolabeled Exendin-4 in pigs
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 43:7, s. 397-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Radiolabeled Exendin-4, a synthetic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, is used as a tracer for diagnostic purposes of beta-cells and in experimental animal research. Exendin-4 can be radiolabeled with Ga-68, I-111 n or (99)mTc and used for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging to diagnose insulinomas, visualization of pancreatic beta-cell mass and transplanted Islets of Langerhans. In humans, Exendin-4 is widely used as a therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The compound, which is administered subcutaneously (SC) may cause nausea, vomiting and a minor increase in the heart rate (HR). However, possible side-effects on cardiovascular functions after intravenous (IV) administration have not been reported. This study describes the Exendin-4 dose at which cardiovascular side-effects occur in pigs and cynomolgus monkeys. The IV effect of the tracer on insulin secretion is also investigated in pigs. Methods: Seven clinically healthy littermate pigs (40 days old) were used; three of them were made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ). All pigs underwent PET imaging under general anesthesia to examine the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in beta-cells with radiolabeled Exendin-4. A baseline tracer dose IV [Ga-68]Exendin-4 (0.025 +/- 0.010 mu g/kg) followed by a competition dose IV [Ga-68]Exendin-4 (3.98 +/- 133 mu g/kg) 60 min later were administered. Blood samples were taken and analyzed for insulin secretion by using ELISA. Cardiovascular and respiratory variables were monitored throughout the experiment. Results: Immediately after administration of the high dose [Ga-68]Exendin-4 the HR rose from 122 14 to 227 +/- 40 bpm (p < 0.01) and from 100 +/- 5 to 181 +/- 13 bpm (p < 0.01) in healthy non -diabetic and diabetes-induced pigs, respectively. The tachycardia was observed for >2 h and one healthy non-diabetic pig suffered cardiac arrest 3 h after the IV [Ga-68]Exendin-4. Arrhythmia was detected by listening to the heart with a stethoscope up to 4 days after the [Ga-68]Exendin-4 injection. In all animals, no effect on the cardiovascular system was registered after the low dose of IV [Ga-68]Exendin-4. Insulin secretion increased (p < 0.05) when IV [Ga-68]Exendin-4 was given in dosages >= 0.14 mu g/kg. Conclusions: Intravenous administration of mu g/kg [Ga-68]Exendin-4 resulted in severe tachycardia and arrhythmias in healthy non -diabetic and diabetes-induced pigs, and the insulin secretion was stimulated in healthy non diabetic animals when >= 0.14 mu g/kg [Ga-68]Exendin-4 was given.
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| 45. |
- Rydén, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of two injectable anaesthetic techniques on induction and subsequent anaesthesia in pigs
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Laboratory Animals. - : Sage Publications. - 0023-6772 .- 1758-1117. ; 55:6, s. 540-550
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pig experiments often require anaesthesia, and a rapid stress-free induction is desired. Induction drugs may alter the subsequent anaesthesia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare, in pigs, the effects of two different injectable anaesthetic techniques on the induction and on the physiological variables in a subsequent eight hours of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). Twelve domestic castrates (Swedish Landrace/Yorkshire) 27-31 kg were used. The pigs were randomly assigned to different induction drug combinations of zolazepam-tiletamine and medetomidine intramuscularly (ZTMe) or midazolam, ketamine intramuscularly and fentanyl intravenously (MiKF). Time from injection to unconsciousness was recorded and the ease of endotracheal intubation assessed. The TIVA infusion rate was adjusted according to the response exhibited from the nociceptive stimulus delivered by mechanically clamping the dewclaw. The time from injection to unconsciousness was briefer and intubation was easier in the ZTMe group. Results from the recorded heart rate, cardiac index and arterial blood pressure variables were satisfactorily preserved and cardiovascular function was maintained in both groups. Shivering was not observed in the ZTMe group, but was observed in four of the pigs in the MiKF group. The requirement of TIVA was lower in the ZTMe group. In conclusion, ZTMe had better results than MiKF in areas such as shorter induction time, better intubation scoring results and less adjustment and amount of TIVA required up to six hours of anaesthesia. The results may have been due to a greater depth of anaesthesia achieved with the ZTMe combination at the dose used.
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| 46. |
- Rydén, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing and training of pigs used in renal transplantation studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Laboratory Animals. - : SAGE Publications. - 0023-6772 .- 1758-1117. ; 54, s. 469-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pig is commonly used in renal transplantation studies since the porcine kidney resembles the human kidney. To meet the requirements of intense caretaking and examination without stress, a 2-week socialisation and training programme was developed. Conventional cross-breed pigs (n = 36) with high health status were trained for 15 min/day in a four-step training programme before kidney transplantation. The systematic training resulted in calm animals, which allowed for ultrasound examination, blood sampling and urine sampling without restraint. When a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer-coated jugular catheter introduced via the auricular vein was used for post-operative blood sampling, clotting was avoided. To assess renal function, urinary output was observed and creatinine and cystatin C were measured; the latter was not found to be useful in recently transplanted pigs. The results presented contribute to the 3Rs (refine, reduce, replace).
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| 47. |
- Rydén, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological and Clinical Responses in Pigs in Relation to Plasma Concentrations during Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine, Tiletamine, Zolazepam, and Butorphanol
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary Reliable protocols are needed for short-term anesthesia in pigs. The study's aim is to identify an anesthetic procedure that, without the use of sophisticated equipment, ensures an acceptable depth and length of anesthesia, a regular spontaneous breathing pattern, and a stable hemodynamic condition for the animal. A total of 12 pigs were given a single intramuscular injection of dexmedetomidine, tiletamine, zolazepam, and butorphanol. To investigate the possibility of prolonging the anesthesia, six of the pigs also received an intravenous dose of the drug combination after one hour. Physiological and clinical responses and drug plasma concentrations were examined. The main results suggest that intramuscular administration of the drug combination provides up to two hours of anesthesia with stable physiological parameters and an acceptable level of analgesia. An intravenous administration of one-third of the original dosage prolonged the anesthesia for another 30 min. Since the pigs were able to breathe spontaneously, none of them were intubated. The study also provides new information about each drug's plasma concentrations and the impact of the drug combination in pigs. This technique can be used to perform nonsurgical operations or transports when short-term anesthesia is required. Reliable protocols for short-term anesthetics are essential to safeguard animal welfare during medical investigations. The aim of the study was to assess the adequacy and reliability of an anesthetic protocol and to evaluate physiological and clinical responses, in relation to the drug plasma concentrations, for pigs undergoing short-term anesthesia. A second aim was to see whether an intravenous dosage could prolong the anesthesia. The anesthesia was induced by an intramuscular injection of dexmedetomidine, tiletamine zolazepam, and butorphanol in 12 pigs. In six of the pigs, a repeated injection intravenously of one-third of the initial dose was given after one hour. The physiological and clinical effects from induction to recovery were examined. Plasma concentrations of the drugs were analyzed and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Each drug's absorption and time to maximal concentration were rapid. All pigs were able to maintain spontaneous respiration. The route of administration did not alter the half-life of the drug. The results suggest that intramuscular administration of the four-drug combination provides up to two hours of anesthesia with stable physiological parameters and an acceptable level of analgesia while maintaining spontaneous respiration. A repeated intravenous injection may be used to extend the time of anesthesia by 30 min.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Synnes, Kåre, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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H2Al : The Human Health and Activity Laboratory
- 2018
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings</em>, 2018, UCAmI 2018. - Basel Switzerland : MDPI.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Human Health and Activity Laboratory (H2Al) is a new research facility at Luleå University of Technology implemented during 2018 as a smart home environment in an educational training apartment for nurses and therapists at the Luleå campus. This paper presents the design and implementation of the lab together with a discussion on potential impact. The aim is to identify and overcome economical, technical and social barriers to achieve an envisioned good and equal health and welfare within and from home environments. The lab is equipped with multiple sensor and actuator systems in the environment, worn by persons and based on digital information. The systems will allow for advanced capture, filtering, analysis and visualization of research data such as A/V, EEG, ECG, EMG, GSR, respiration and location while being able to detect falls, sleep apnea and other critical health and wellbeing issues. The resulting studies will be aimed towards supporting and equipping future home environments and care facilities, spanning from temporary care to primary care at hospitals, with technologies for activity and critical health and wellness issue detection. The work will be conducted at an International level and within a European context, based on a collaboration with other smart labs, such that experiments can be replicated at multiple sites. This paper presents some initial lessons learnt including design, setup and configuration for comparison of sensor placements and configurations as well as analytical methods.
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