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- Gunnbjornsdottir, M. I., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux are related to onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eur Respir J. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for asthma in both children and adults. An increased prevalence of asthma in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome has also been reported. The aim of this investigation was to study obesity, nocturnal GOR and snoring as independent risk factors for onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a Nordic population. In a 5-10 yr follow-up study of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Estonia, a postal questionnaire was sent to previous respondents. A total of 16,191 participants responded to the questionnaire. Reported onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms as well as nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring increased in prevalence along with the increase in body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for nocturnal GOR, habitual snoring and other confounders, obesity (BMI >30) remained significantly related to the onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms. Nocturnal GOR was independently related to the onset of asthma and in addition, both nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring were independently related to onset of wheeze and night-time symptoms. This study adds evidence to an independent relationship between obesity, nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux and habitual snoring and the onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in adults.
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| 7. |
- Erts, D., et al.
(författare)
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Semiconducting nanowires : properties and architectures
- 2004
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Ingår i: FUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS FOR OPTOELECTRONICS AND OTHER APPLICATIONS. - : TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD. ; , s. 109-115
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One-dimensional quantum wires are expected to play important role in future electronic and optical devices. We have investigated semiconducting nanowires made by a novel supercritical fluid solution-phase technique [1]. Conductivity and force interactions in individual semiconductor nanowires were investigated by using an in-situ probing technique using a TEM-SPM [2,3], which is a combination of the scanning probe microscope (SPM) and the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Free standing Si nanowires were high resistive with exhibited metallic behaviour. Nonconductive gap was observed in Ge nanowires. The electromechanical properties of these wires were characterised and a prototype nanorelay was demonstrated. Uniform mesoporous thin films, with pores orientated almost perpendicular to the substrate surface are used as templates for unidirectional semiconducting nanowire growth. Structure of films and polycrystalline material containing Si and Ge nanowire arrays was investigated [4]. Luminescence of mesoporous nanowires was determined, as function of nanowire size. The optical properties can be controlled by the effective change of pore size inside mesoporous silica. Quantum-chemical simulation of the silicon nanowires is carried out by semi-empirical CLUSTER code.
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- Olin, Anna-Carin, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory health among bleachery workers exposed to ozone and chlorine dioxide
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scand J Work Environ Health. ; 28:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the possibility of occupational exposure to ozone increasing the risk of obstructive airway disease among bleachery workers. : Bleachery workers (N = 129) from two Swedish pulp mills using ozone for bleaching were studied together with referents (N = 80) from adjacent paper mills. The pulp mills had previously used chlorine dioxide as the bleaching agent. Testings included spirometry, methacholine challenge testing, and questionnaires. Area samplings showed sporadic ozone levels exceeding 0.9 ppm. RESULTS: There was a greater prevalence of wheezing (25%) among the bleachery workers with a history of gassings (from ozone, chlorine, or sulfur dioxide) than among those without gassings (18%) and among the referents (13%). Among the current smokers the fraction with a slightly increased bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was greater among the bleachery workers reporting gassings than among those that had not been gassed. For the period from 1992 to 1996, when the mills were using ozone, there was an increased incidence rate of wheezing among the workers in the bleachery (incidence rate ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.6-5.8). CONCLUSIONS: Repeated exposure to irritants increases the risk of asthma-like symptoms. This finding reinforces the view that repeated peak exposures to irritants must be prevented in pulp mills.
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- Ziegler, K.J., et al.
(författare)
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Bistable nanoelectromechanical devices
- 2004
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 84:20, s. 4074-4076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combined transmission electron microscopy-scanning tunneling microscopy (TEM-STM) technique has been used to investigate the force interactions of silicon and germanium nanowires with gold electrodes. The I(V) data obtained typically show linear behavior between the gold electrode and silicon nanowires at all contact points, whereas the linearity of I(V) curves obtained for germanium nanowires were dependent on the point of contact. Bistable silicon and germanium nanowire-based nanoelectromechanical programmable read-only memory (NEMPROM) devices were demonstrated by TEM-STM. These nonvolatile NEMPROM devices have switching potentials as low as 1 V and are highly stable making them ideal candidates for low-leakage electronic devices.
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