| 1. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 2. |
- Gaillard, Marie-José, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Holocene land-cover reconstructions for studies on land cover-climate feedbacks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 6, s. 483-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major objectives of this paper are: (1) to review the pros and cons of the scenarios of past anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) developed during the last ten years, (2) to discuss issues related to pollen-based reconstruction of the past land-cover and introduce a new method, REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites), to infer long-term records of past land-cover from pollen data, (3) to present a new project (LANDCLIM: LAND cover – CLIMate interactions in NW Europe during the Holocene) currently underway, and show preliminary results of REVEALS reconstructions of the regional land-cover in the Czech Republic for five selected time windows of the Holocene, and (4) to discuss the implications and future directions in climate and vegetation/land-cover modeling, and in the assessment of the effects of human-induced changes in land-cover on the regional climate through altered feedbacks. The existing ALCC scenarios show large discrepancies between them, and few cover time periods older than AD 800. When these scenarios are used to assess the impact of human land-use on climate, contrasting results are obtained. It emphasizes the need for methods such as the REVEALS model-based land-cover reconstructions. They might help to fine-tune descriptions of past land-cover and lead to a better understanding of how long-term changes in ALCC might have influenced climate. The REVEALS model is demonstrated to provide better estimates of the regional vegetation/landcover changes than the traditional use of pollen percentages. This will achieve a robust assessment of land cover at regional- to continental-spatial scale throughout the Holocene. We present maps of REVEALS estimates for the percentage cover of 10 plant functional types (PFTs) at 200 BP and 6000 BP, and of the two open-land PFTs “grassland” and “agricultural land” at five time-windows from 6000 BP to recent time. The LANDCLIM results are expected to provide crucial data to reassess ALCC estimates for a better understanding of the land suface-atmosphere interactions.
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| 3. |
- Kalimo, Hannu, et al.
(författare)
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The Arctic AβPP mutation leads to Alzheimer's disease pathology with highly variable topographic deposition of differentially truncated Aβ
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Acta neuropathologica communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-5960. ; 1:1, s. 60-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Arctic mutation (p.E693G/p.E22G)fs within the β-amyloid (Aβ) region of the β-amyloid precursor protein gene causes an autosomal dominant disease with clinical picture of typical Alzheimer's disease. Here we report the special character of Arctic AD neuropathology in four deceased patients.RESULTS: Aβ deposition in the brains was wide-spread (Thal phase 5) and profuse. Virtually all parenchymal deposits were composed of non-fibrillar, Congo red negative Aβ aggregates. Congo red only stained angiopathic vessels. Mass spectrometric analyses showed that Aβ deposits contained variably truncated and modified wild type and mutated Aβ species. In three of four Arctic AD brains, most cerebral cortical plaques appeared targetoid with centres containing C-terminally (beyond aa 40) and variably N-terminally truncated Aβ surrounded by coronas immunopositive for Aβx-42. In the fourth patient plaque centres contained almost no Aβ making the plaques ring-shaped. The architectural pattern of plaques also varied between different anatomic regions. Tau pathology corresponded to Braak stage VI, and appeared mainly as delicate neuropil threads (NT) enriched within Aβ plaques. Dystrophic neurites were scarce, while neurofibrillary tangles were relatively common. Neuronal perikarya within the Aβ plaques appeared relatively intact.CONCLUSIONS: In Arctic AD brain differentially truncated abundant Aβ is deposited in plaques of variable numbers and shapes in different regions of the brain (including exceptional targetoid plaques in neocortex). The extracellular non-fibrillar Aβ does not seem to cause overt damage to adjacent neurons or to induce formation of neurofibrillary tangles, supporting the view that intracellular Aβ oligomers are more neurotoxic than extracellular Aβ deposits. However, the enrichment of NTs within plaques suggests some degree of intra-plaque axonal damage including accumulation of hp-tau, which may impair axoplasmic transport, and thereby contribute to synaptic loss. Finally, similarly as the cotton wool plaques in AD resulting from exon 9 deletion in the presenilin-1 gene, the Arctic plaques induced only modest glial and inflammatory tissue reaction.
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| 4. |
- Olofsson, Thomas, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Viktiga små steg för bättre klimat
- 2014
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Ingår i: Västerbottenskuriren. - : Västerbottenskuriren. - 1104-0246. ; , s. 6-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Adiels, Martin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Postprandial accumulation of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants is determined by the clearance capacity.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 222:1, s. 222-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To better understand the postprandial clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and its relation to the fasting kinetics of TRLs. Methods Two studies were performed on 30 male subjects: a fasting kinetic study to determine the fasting secretion and clearance rates of apolipoprotein B (apoB) 100 and triglycerides in the very low-density lipoprotein 1 and 2 (VLDL1 and VLDL2) fractions; and a postprandial study to determine the postprandial accumulation of apoB48, apoB100 and triglycerides in the chylomicron, VLDL1 and VLDL2 fractions. Results from these two studies were combined to characterize the postprandial clearance of TRLs in a physiologically relevant setting. Results Our results show that postprandial accumulation of the apoB48-carrying chylomicrons can be predicted from the clearance capacity of the lipolytic pathway, determined in the fasting state. Furthermore, we show that chylomicrons and VLDL1 particles are not cleared equally by the lipoprotein lipase pathway, and that chylomicrons seem to be the preferred substrate. Subjects with a rapid fasting lipid metabolism accumulate lower levels of postprandial triglycerides with less accumulation of apoB100 in the VLDL1 fraction and a faster transfer of apoB100 into the VLDL2 fraction. In contrast, fasting VLDL1 secretion does not predict postprandial triglyceride accumulation. Conclusions Non-fasting triglyceride levels have recently been identified as a major predictor of future cardiovascular events. Here we show that the capacity of the lipolytic pathway is a common determinant of both the fasting and non-fasting triglyceride levels and may thus play an important role in the development of dyslipemia and atherosclerosis.
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| 7. |
- Allard, Ingrid, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy evaluation methods for residential buildings in Nordic countries
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceeding of the Technoport Conference. - : Elsevier.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet the goals of the directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings, the building sector in Europe now faces a transition towards more energy efficient buildings. Research and development of new energy solutions and technology will be necessary for the transition and the importance of measuring and evaluating building energy performance increases. This paper attempts to review and evaluate different methods that are commonly used to analyze energy performance in residential buildings in Nordic countries, primarily in Sweden, Norway and Finland. A short international review of regulations is also included. Some advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, as well as commonly used methods in the three countries. Although the three Nordic countries have similar climate conditions and building traditions, the study shows that there exist relatively large variations in defining parameters related to energy performance in residential buildings, such as energy use, heated area, and climate zones. The outcome of the regulations could be investigated by adapting the codes on a selected set of buildings. Common analyzing methods, or parts of methods, are found to be used in several countries. These aspects may be considered in further work to develop more accurate and easily comparable methods to evaluate energy performance for residential buildings in cold climate.
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| 8. |
- Allard, Ingrid, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Methods for air tightness analysis for residential buildings in Nordic countries
- 2012
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Ingår i: Methods for air tightness analysis forresidential buildings in Nordic countries. - Southampton : WIT Press. - 9781845646141 ; , s. 311-322
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Envelope air tightness is one factor that has impact on the energy performance ofbuildings. The goals of the directive 2010/31/EU, on energy performance ofbuildings, raise the importance of building energy performance analysis in theprocess. Measurements of air tightness can be useful both when evaluatingbuilding energy performance and developing new building techniques. The aimof this paper is to review and evaluate methods to measure air tightness in bothnew and existing residential buildings in Sweden, Norway and Finland, based onan international literature study and a survey. The methods are categorized basedon a number of criteria to determine their suitability in different situations.Advantages and disadvantages of the methods are discussed, as well ascommonly used methods in the three countries. The review shows that thestandard ISO 9972 is used for verification in all three countries, but alternativesexist that might be more suitable in certain situations. Simpler methods are usedin the building process to increase air tightness. To achieve a comparablemeasurement, both common methods and commonly defined units are needed.
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| 9. |
- Allard, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Methods for energy analysis of residential buildings in Nordic countries
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Pergamon-Elsevier Science. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 22, s. 306-318
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet the goals of the directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings, the building sector in Europe now faces a transition towards more energy efficient buildings. Research and development of new energy solutions and technology will be necessary for the transition and the importance of analyzing building energy performance increases. This paper aims to review and evaluate different methods that are commonly used to analyze energy performance in residential buildings in Nordic countries, primarily in Sweden, Norway and Finland. A short international review of regulations is also included. The goal is to find commonly used methods and possibilities for the future. The introduced methods are summarized, categorized and compared based on their advantages and disadvantages. Although the three Nordic countries have similar climate conditions and building traditions, the review shows relatively large variations in the definitions of energy performance for residential buildings, as well as variations in how measurements and calculations are used in the methods for energy performance analysis. In the conducted review, methods, or parts of methods, are also found to be used. The methods used to analyze energy performance are found to be more similar than the concepts of energy performance itself in the three countries. These aspects may be considered in further work to develop an international policy practice for energy performance of residential buildings in cold climate.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Staffan, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Building performance based on measured data
- 2011
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789173930703 ; , s. 899-906
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasing liability for builders, the need for evaluation methods that focuses on the building’s performance and thus excludes the impact from residents’ behavior increases. This is not only of interest for new buildings but also when retrofitting existing buildings in order to reduce energy end-use. The investigation in this paper is based on extensive measurements on two fairly representative type of buildings, a single family building in Ekerö, Stockholm built 2000 and two apartment buildings in Umeå (1964) in order to extract key energy performance parameters such as the building’s heat loss coefficient, heat transfer via the ground and heat gained from the sun and used electricity. With access to pre-processed daily data from a 2-month periods, located close to the winter solstice, a robust estimate of the heat loss coefficient was obtained based on a regression analysis. For the single family building the variation was within 1% and for the two heavier apartment buildings an average variation of 2%, with a maximum of 4%, between different analyzed periods close to the winter solstice. The gained heating from the used electricity in terms of a gain factor could not be unambiguously extracted and therefore could only a range for the heat transfer via ground be estimated. The estimated range for the transfer via ground for the two apartment buildings were in very good agreement with those calculated according to EN ISO 13 370 and corresponded to almost 10% of the heating demand at the design temperature. For the single family building with an insulated slab and parts of the walls below ground level, the calculations gave slightly higher transfer than what was obtained from the regression analysis. For the estimated gained solar radiation no comparison has been possible to make, but the estimated gain exhibited an expected correlation with the global solar radiation data that was available for the two apartment buildings.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Boman, Kurt, et al.
(författare)
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Telemedicine improves the monitoring process in anticoagulant treatment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. - : Royal Society of Medicine Press. - 1357-633X .- 1758-1109. ; 18:6, s. 312-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared the INR (International Normalized Ratio) monitoring process using a telemedicine device with the conventional approach in which blood samples were sent to the hospital for analysis. We conducted a randomized controlled trial. We enrolled 40 patients on chronic warfarin therapy from two primary healthcare centres (PHCs). Half were monitored using the telemedicine device and half were monitored conventionally. Each patient received three INR measurements. The total processing time was measured from blood sampling until warfarin dosing was performed in the anticoagulant clinic. The median total processing time was significantly shorter with telemedicine than usual care (34 vs. 260 min, P andlt; 0.001). This was mainly because sample transport was avoided using the point-of-care device and automatic data transmission. Telemedicine reduced the total processing time for INR monitoring and has the potential to improve the management of patients undergoing anticoagulant treatment at PHCs.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Brännström, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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A Generic Method for Design of Oligomer-Specific Antibodies
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:3, s. e90857-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibodies that preferentially and specifically target pathological oligomeric protein and peptide assemblies, as opposed to their monomeric and amyloid counterparts, provide therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities for protein misfolding diseases. Unfortunately, the molecular properties associated with oligomer-specific antibodies are not well understood, and this limits targeted design and development. We present here a generic method that enables the design and optimisation of oligomer-specific antibodies. The method takes a two-step approach where discrimination between oligomers and fibrils is first accomplished through identification of cryptic epitopes exclusively buried within the structure of the fibrillar form. The second step discriminates between monomers and oligomers based on differences in avidity. We show here that a simple divalent mode of interaction, as within e. g. the IgG isotype, can increase the binding strength of the antibody up to 1500 times compared to its monovalent counterpart. We expose how the ability to bind oligomers is affected by the monovalent affinity and the turnover rate of the binding and, importantly, also how oligomer specificity is only valid within a specific concentration range. We provide an example of the method by creating and characterising a spectrum of different monoclonal antibodies against both the A beta peptide and alpha-synuclein that are associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively. The approach is however generic, does not require identification of oligomer-specific architectures, and is, in essence, applicable to all polypeptides that form oligomeric and fibrillar assemblies.
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| 16. |
- Bröchner, Jan, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Construction productivity measures for innovation projects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management - ASCE. - 1943-7862 .- 0733-9364. ; 138:5, s. 670-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 30-year retrospective analysis of resource use in a range of new construction and repair projects reveals insignificant productivity increase when applying traditional narrow measures, as shown in a case study of beam bridges. It appears as necessary to estimate hidden quality changes in both outputs and inputs. Changes in government regulations, in specifications, and the development of nonprice criteria for contract award emerge as important. Schemes for benchmarking the performance of construction projects as well as life-cycle analyses suggest that customer risk aversion and effects on customer productivity should be taken into account. The outcome is a set of measurements that can be applied to the selection of any type of proposed new construction or repair technology innovation according to their potential impact on industry productivity.
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| 17. |
- Dalenbäck, Jan-Olof, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Ställ tekniska egenskapskrav och använd deklarationerna
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Energi & Miljö. - 1101-0568. ; 2014:4, s. 40-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ta bort energikraven i BBR och ersätt dem med ändamålsenliga egenskaps¬krav. Gör sedan energideklarationerna värda namnet genom att inkludera hushålls- och verk¬sam¬hets¬el så att de kan användas för att följa upp energi¬användningen. I anslutning till Boverkets regeringsuppdrag (N2014/75/E) att definiera nya energihus¬håll¬ningskrav, finns det all anledning att diskutera om vi är på rätt väg med de krav på bygg¬naders energi¬prestanda som ställs i Boverkets Byggregler (BBR). Speciellt om dess uppfyllelse ska vara juridiskt bindande.
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| 18. |
- Danielski, Itai, 1973-
(författare)
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Energy efficiency of new residential buildings in sweden : Design and Modelling Aspects
- 2014
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy security and climate change mitigation have been discussed in Sweden since the oil crisis in the 1970s. Sweden has since then increased its share of renewable energy resources to reach the highest level among the EU member states, but is still among the countries with the highest primary energy use per capita. Not least because of that, increasing energy efficiency is important and it is part of the Swedish long term environmental objectives. Large potential for improving energy efficiency can be found in the building sector, mainly in the existing building stock but also in newly constructed buildingsIn this thesis, criteria for energy efficiency in new residential buildings are studied, several design aspects of residential buildings are examined, and possible further analysis from an energy system perspective discussed. Three case studies of existing residential buildings were analysed, including one detached house and multi-storey apartment buildings. The analysis was based on both energy simulations and measurements in residential buildings.The results show that the calculated specific final energy demand of residential buildings, before they are built, is too rough an indicator to explicitly steer society toward lower final energy use in the building sector. One of the reasons is assumptions made during calculation before the buildings is built. Another reason is the interior building design. A design that includes relatively large areas of heated corridors, service and storage rooms will lower the specific final energy demand without improving the building energy efficiency, which might increase both the total final energy demand and the use of construction materials in the building sector.Efficient thermal envelopes are essential in construction of energy efficient buildings, which include the thermal resistance and also the shape of the building. The shape factor of buildings was found to be an important variable for heat demand in buildings located in temperate and colder climates, particularly if they are exposed to strong winds.From a system perspective, energy efficiency measures and the performance of the end use heating technology in buildings should be evaluated together with the energy supply system, including the dynamic interaction between them.
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| 19. |
- Dehlin, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Effektive projektering av lågenergihus
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Byggbranschen står inför stora miljö- som affärsmässiga utmaningar med krav på att reducera energiförbrukning och miljöpåverkan. Detta projekt syftar till att bidra medkunskap hur energiprojektering kan effektiviseras vid nyproduktion avlågenergibyggnader där det övergripande målet är att stödja ett långsiktigt hållbart och lönsamt byggande. Studien har genomförts i samverkan mellan byggbransch och akademi genom fallstudier och enkätundersökningen.Resultatet visar på behovet och nyttan av att redan i tidigt planeringsskede utreda konsekvensen av olika alternativ av exempelvis byggnadsutformning ochklimatskärmens tekniska prestanda. Det spelar mindre roll vilket energiberäkningsverktyg man använder om resultatet används för att jämföra olika alternativ med varandra.Skillnaderna i krav och institutionella ramverk vad gäller energiprestanda påverkar också projektering av energieffektiva byggnader. En jämförande studie av hur man hanterar energifrågor från krav till färdig lösning mellan Tyskland och Sverige visar på ett behov av vidareutbildning i energifrågor för arkitekter och ingenjörer i Sverige som kommer in tidigt i byggprocessen. Undersökningen och jämförelsen pekar också mot ett behov av en sammanlänkande funktion, här kallad energisamordnare.Energisamordnarens roll är att föra in energikompetens in i projektet, säkerställa att krav och mål formuleras och hanteras samt aktivt delta i projekteringen för att guida utformningen av byggnaden mot en effektiv och låg energiförbrukning.Vi kan konstatera att det är marknadskrafter och engagemang från byggare, beställare och lokala myndigheter snarare än nationella krav som driverenergieffektivisering framåt i Sverige idag. Det kan emellertid leda till en situation där krav på energieffektivitet blir lokalt satta vilket kan leda till svårigheter för utvecklare av olika typer av byggnadssystem för bostäder och lokaler. Därför är det önskvärt att utvecklingen av byggnadstekniken som skett de senaste åren också följs upp av Boverket i form av krav som ligger i framkant snarare än minimikrav för att förhindra att en flora av lokala krav uppstår som kan verka som "handelshinder" för den fortsatta utvecklingen av det industriella byggandet i Sverige.Vi ser också ett tydligt behov för ökad samverkan och integration för att kunna driva energieffektiviseringen framåt men samtidigt också ett tydligt behov av att utveckla upphandlings- och samverkansformer för att möjliggöra detta. Upphandlingen, till exempel, bör utformas så att lämpliga aktörer väljs utifrån mjuka parametrar och involveras tidigt under projekteringsskedet samt ges ekonomiska incitamentkopplade till projektets mål, ekonomi och tidplan.Projektet har också undersökt hur man skall åstadkomma en mer integreradprojekteringsprocess genom att: Skapa en struktur för att samla, uttrycka och klargöra mål och krav ochutveckla dessa mot funktionskrav och tekniska lösningar. Genomföra en modellbaserad projektering som detaljerar tekniska lösningarallteftersom de utvecklas.Införa beslutsstöd för energifrågor i projektutveckling där produktensprestanda successivt jämförs mot funktionskrav med hjälp av alltmerdetaljerade prestandaanalyser.I projektet har också ett nyutvecklat formellt beslutsstöd exemplifierats där fleraalternativa lösningar kan utvärderas mot olika kriterier (MADM) vilka kanorganiseras och viktas hierarkiskt utifrån projektets mål och krav.I projektets har en prototyp, en så kallad energikonfigurator, utvecklats för atteffektivisera produkt och projektutveckling av s.k. konceptbyggande. Användandet har demonstrerats på NCC:s koncept P303 där man optimerat konfigureringen i produkt och projektutveckling efter både subjektiva och objektiva kriterier som tänkas efterlikna ett visst kundsegment. Hundratals alternativa utformningar kan utvärderas på några minuter i jämförelse med dagar och veckor om samma analyser skulle göras för hand med hjälp av energiberäkningsprogram med manuell inmatning av indata.För att effektivisera projekteringen mot ett energieffektivt byggande rekommenderar projektet att:Man tidigt upphandlar och involverar de viktigaste aktörerna så att man tidigtkan inkludera energiaspekter i utformning av koncept. Beställaren aktivt deltar i kravformuleringen och i analys- ochbeslutsprocessen. Dels för att säkerställa val mot uppställda krav och behovoch dels för att tillgodose de praktiska behov som uppstår i och med enintegrerad och modellbaserad projekteringsprocess. Utse en energisamordnare som skall säkerställa att formulerade energikravoch mål hanteras optimalt för att guida utformningen av byggnaden mot eneffektiv och låg energiförbrukning. Använda en modellbaserad projekteringsprocess för utformning, simuleringoch analys av konceptlösningar gentemot energirelaterade aspekter. Energianalyser som görs i tidigt skede används för att jämföra olikaalternativa utformningar. När detaljeringsnivån ökar bör man användadynamiska verktyg och för att beräkna energiförbrukning och inneklimat pårumsnivå. Man bör tidigt inkludera utformning av t ex ventilation ocheventuella maskinrum då de kan ha stor inverkan på energiförbrukningen. Man utför prestandaanalyser av energi och inneklimat innan man fryserdesign av klimatskärm och VVS så att resultatet kan guida konstruktörer ochinstallatörer i den slutliga utformningen av systemhandlingarna. Man i driftfasen utför en mer automatisk och kontinuerlig jämförelse mellansimulerad och verklig energiförbrukning för att bekräfta att byggnadenuppfyller initiala krav samt för att inhämta data och erfarenheter för vidareoptimering eller andra framtida projektFörändring sker i och med att beställaren möjliggör en miljö som initierar ochstödjer en hög grad av samverkan och integration mellan inblandade aktörer, därtyngden på beslutsfattandet flyttas till ett tidigare skede, där rätt kompetenserkan komma in vid rätt tillfälle och där fokus är på slutprodukten och desslivscykel och inte på avskilda åtaganden
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| 20. |
- Dehlin, S., et al.
(författare)
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Practical application of a newly developed automated building energy-analysis software module prototype
- 2012
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Ingår i: eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. - Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. - 9780415621281 ; , s. 45-49
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One key challenge when it comes to developing industrial building concepts for the housing industry is improving the energy performance of buildings, while at the same time ensuring that the end product remains affordable and attractive to customers. This paper summarises the findings from the application of a newly developed prototype for an automated energy-analysis software module in a real-life project.The prototype is used for the energy analysis of the low-energy, multi-family residential P303 concept developed by NCC Construction Sverige AB - a leading construction and development company in the Nordic region. A building concept is based on continuity and repetitions of most of the building components. Most of its characteristics are known and defined beforehand and only a few parameters vary due to the adaptation of the concept, for example, the configuration or site location. In energy performance calculations, the proposed energy-analysis software module prototype processes the known parameters as constants and only varies the unknown parameters. The energy calculations are then carried out by the calculation kernel from the dynamic building simulation software module, VIP Energy, and the result is exported to an Excel spreadsheet where it is presented in a table. This makes it possible, in a practical manner, to execute a larger number of performance analyses in a shorter time, investigating different design alternatives and configurations and thereby facilitating optimisation towards the best possible design solution. The case study presented in this paper simulated energy losses through the building envelope of a real P303 building. The parameters that were varied are the location and orientation of the building and various energy characteristics of windows/glazing.
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| 21. |
- Erikshammar, Jarkko, et al.
(författare)
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Discrete Event Simulation Enhanced Value Stream Mapping: An Industrialized Construction Case Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lean Construction Journal. - 1555-1369. ; 10, s. 47-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research Question/Hypothesis: Can a production process design framework created by integrating Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES) be used to assess the production system performance, as predicted by a future state design of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) working in industrialized construction?Purpose: To explore a production process design framework in which VSM is used to identify doable improvements and DES provides analytical evaluation of them.Research Method: The demonstration was carried out at a Swedish SME industrialized construction component manufacturerFindings: VSM is unable to evaluate analytically the performance of the future state design. This inability leads to unnecessary implementation iterations. VSM assumes a deterministic model and cannot describe the dynamic behaviors of a system. The dynamic behavior of the construction processes will result in the future state design not performing as expected. However, by analytically evaluating the future state with DES helped the case company to implement a new production process design.Limitations: DES modeling is still time-consuming and needs skilled professionals, the cost of whom can be prohibitive for SMEs and demonstrated in one case study.Implications: The integration of DES and VSM provides a framework to evaluate and communicate the outcome, hence enhancing the application of VSM.Value for practitioners: A lean framework, which can be used, for industrialized construction processes especially by SMEs with very limited resources, to validate changes before implementing them.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Fischl, Geza, et al.
(författare)
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Design av terapeutiska miljöer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Byggnadsrelaterad ohälsa i Kvarkenregionen. - Vasa : Yrkeshögskolan Novia. - 9789525839364 ; , s. 103-110
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Terapeutiska miljöer kan ha en kraftfull, läkande effekt på patienter – de sänker stressnivån vilket gör att patienternas medicinska tillstånd förbättras. Entydiga forskningsresultat visar att t.ex. vistelse i naturen, motion, fysisk rörelse och förbättrade sociala aktiviteter gör att patienters återhämtningsförmåga stärks och stressnivån sjunker. De terapeutiska miljöerna ger en ökad känsla av kontroll, stärkt integritet och förbättrat social stöd. Genom att erbjuda positiv stimulans, såsom konst eller musik, förstärks den goda upplevelsen ytterligare. Trots att man i olika evidensbaserade forskningsstudier bevisat att terapeutiska miljöer har positiv inverkan på patienters hälsa och välbefinnande är dessa miljöer mindre kända hos allmänheten, som därför inte heller efterfrågar dem i samband med vård. Förmodligen är utbildning av allmänheten en framkomlig väg att för att höja medvetenheten om terapeutiska miljöers hälsofrämjande effekt.
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| 24. |
- Forslund, E., et al.
(författare)
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Novel microchip-based tools facilitating live cell imaging and assessment of functional heterogeneity within NK cell populations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 3:OCT, s. 300-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Each individual has a heterogeneous pool of NK cells consisting of cells that may be specialized towards specific functional responses such as secretion of cytokines or killing of tumor cells. Many conventional methods are not fit to characterize heterogeneous populations as they measure the average response of all cells. Thus, there is a need for experimental platforms that provide single cell resolution. In addition, there are transient and stochastic variations in functional responses at the single cell level, calling for methods that allow studies of many events over extended periods of time. This paper presents a versatile microchip platform enabling long-term microscopic studies of individual NK cells interacting with target cells. Each microchip contains an array of microwells, optimized for medium or high-resolution time-lapse imaging of single or multiple NK and target cells, or for screening of thousands of isolated NK-target cell interactions. Individual NK cells confined with target cells in small microwells is a suitable setup for high-content screening and rapid assessment of heterogeneity within populations, while microwells of larger dimensions are appropriate for studies of NK cell migration and sequential interactions with multiple target cells. By combining the chip technology with ultrasonic manipulation, NK and target cells can be forced to interact and positioned with high spatial accuracy within individual microwells.This setup effectively and synchronously creates NK-target conjugates at hundreds of parallel positions in the microchip. Thus, this facilitates assessment of temporal aspects of NK-target cell interactions, e.g., conjugation, immune synapse formation, and cytotoxic events.The microchip platform presented here can be used to effectively address questions related to fundamental functions of NK cells that can lead to better understanding of how the behavior of individual cells add up to give a functional response at the population level.
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| 25. |
- Halliday, Alison, et al.
(författare)
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10-year stroke prevention after successful carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic stenosis (ACST-1) : A multicentre randomised trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 376:9746, s. 1074-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background If carotid artery narrowing remains asymptomatic (ie, has caused no recent stroke or other neurological symptoms), successful carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces stroke incidence for some years. We assessed the long-term effects of successful CEA. Methods Between 1993 and 2003, 3120 asymptomatic patients from 126 centres in 30 countries were allocated equally, by blinded minimised randomisation, to immediate CEA (median delay 1 month, IQR 0·3-2·5) or to indefinite deferral of any carotid procedure, and were followed up until death or for a median among survivors of 9 years (IQR 6-11). The primary outcomes were perioperative mortality and morbidity (death or stroke within 30 days) and non-perioperative stroke. Kaplan-Meier percentages and logrank p values are from intention-to-treat analyses. This study is registered, number ISRCTN26156392. Findings 1560 patients were allocated immediate CEA versus 1560 allocated deferral of any carotid procedure. The proportions operated on while still asymptomatic were 89·7 versus 4·8 at 1 year (and 92·1 vs 16·5 at 5 years). Perioperative risk of stroke or death within 30 days was 3·0 (95 CI 2·4-3·9; 26 non-disabling strokes plus 34 disabling or fatal perioperative events in 1979 CEAs). Excluding perioperative events and non-stroke mortality, stroke risks (immediate vs deferred CEA) were 4·1 versus 10·0 at 5 years (gain 5·9, 95 CI 4·0-7·8) and 10·8 versus 16·9 at 10 years (gain 6·1, 2·7-9·4); ratio of stroke incidence rates 0·54, 95 CI 0·43-0·68, p<0·0001. 62 versus 104 had a disabling or fatal stroke, and 37 versus 84 others had a non-disabling stroke. Combining perioperative events and strokes, net risks were 6·9 versus 10·9 at 5 years (gain 4·1, 2·0-6·2) and 13·4 versus 17·9 at 10 years (gain 4·6, 1·2-7·9). Medication was similar in both groups; throughout the study, most were on antithrombotic and antihypertensive therapy. Net benefits were significant both for those on lipid-lowering therapy and for those not, and both for men and for women up to 75 years of age at entry (although not for older patients). Interpretation Successful CEA for asymptomatic patients younger than 75 years of age reduces 10-year stroke risks. Half this reduction is in disabling or fatal strokes. Net benefit in future patients will depend on their risks from unoperated carotid lesions (which will be reduced by medication), on future surgical risks (which might differ from those in trials), and on whether life expectancy exceeds 10 years. Funding UK Medical Research Council, BUPA Foundation, Stroke Association.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Hildingsson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Childbirth thoughts in mid-pregnancy: Prevalence and associated factors in prospective parents.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sexual and Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier. - 0195-9255 .- 1877-5756. ; 1:2, s. 45-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Parents' thoughts about childbirth during pregnancy are important for the adjustment process but little is known about factors associated with such thoughts. Objectives: To describe and study background characteristics, feelings and support in relation to thoughts about childbirth in mid-pregnancy, in women and their partners and to analyze which factors are most important for having thoughts and feelings about childbirth. Method: A cross-sectional study of 1212 women and 1105 men recruited shortly after the routine ultra sound examination in pregnancy weeks 17-19. Data was collected by a questionnaire in mid-pregnancy. Data were analyzed using relative risks with 95% confidence interval and logistic regression. Results: A high proportion of women (75%) and men (67%) reported having thoughts about childbirth. In women childbirth related fear Odds Ratio (OR) 2.7; [95% CI 1.62-4.37], high level of education (OR 1.8, [95% CI 1.32-2.34] and major emotional changes OR 1.5, [95% CI 1.0-2.1] were the most important factors associated with having thoughts about childbirth. In men, high level of education OR 1.1 [95% CI 1.41-2.52], getting the opportunity to ask question at prenatal visits OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.17-2.07], and expecting the first baby OR 1.6 [1.17-2.07] contributed most to the model. Discussion: This study shows that the majority of prospective parents think about the birth of their baby in mid-pregnancy. Some factors are common for both parents, but women's thoughts are more based on emotional and physical changes and fears while men's are more based on the social situation such as expecting the first baby and organizational issues in prenatal care, and instrumental issues such as finances. Further studies are needed about the content of the parents' thoughts.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Jansson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Requirements management for the design of energy efficient buildings
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Information Technology in Construction. - 1874-4753. ; 18, s. 321-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Buildings are designed to fulfil the multiple and, often, contradictory requirements of users, clients and society. Energy aspects are often not considered before the detailed design phase and a systematic way of analysing the energy performance of solutions throughout the design phase is lacking. A suggested framework, based on engineering design theories of requirements management, was applied to a case study of the design of an energy-efficient building in a real construction project. The case study provided qualitative insights into how the proposed framework can contribute to a more structured requirements management of a construction project with a focus on the energy-efficient design of buildings. It can be seen that the proposed framework for requirements management of energy performance provides a structure for designers to consider and apply energy performance criteria in the early design stages and visualize the consequences of alternative design solutions for clients, engineers, contractors and suppliers. The use of a requirements structure enables the transparency of different design alternatives against the established functional requirements of energy performance for the stakeholders in the design process. The use of BIM to support the proposed requirements framework needs to be studied further and connected to national and international construction classification schemas and ontology frameworks.
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| 30. |
- Jansson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Requirements transformation in construction design
- 2010
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Ingår i: CIB W78 27th International Conference on Applications of IT in the AEC Industry & Accelerating BIM Research Workshop.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transformation of performance requirements to technical solutions and production parameters is central for architects and engineers in the design process. Construction industry suffers from low efficiency in design, and the information flow creating bottlenecks for the production process. Tracing and managing information through design process needs standards both for requirements and Building Information Models in a life cycle perspective. Structuring functional requirements is of great interest for the construction industry and especially for companies developing industrialised housing system that often have control over the whole manufacturing process. The delivery of a new low-carbon economy in Europe puts pressure on the construction industry to reduce the energy consumption for buildings. Therefore is one national standard for energy requirements tested on a building system and evaluated in an Information and Communication Technology-environment (ICT) that supports the design process for industrialised construction. The result of the research shows that the transformation of requirements to technical solutions needs functionality that supports the design process by using standards for requirements. A rigid building system based on well defined design tasks together with a technical platform, both for spaces and physical elements, work as a backbone for development of ICT support systems. Product Life Cycle Support (PLCS), as a standard that enables flexibility in categorisation of information through the construction design.
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| 31. |
- Jensen, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Applying products in product platforms in the AEC firm
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Computing in civil and building engineering. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 9780784413616 ; , s. 1062-1069
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 5 step method for developing configurable “products in product” platforms to be used in an engineer-to-order (ETO) design process is proposed. The idea is based on the transformation of typical product architectures into modular design platforms where standard and variant modules are identified and developed. The platform modules can then be configured and combined with traditional design methods to meet the project specific requirements in the design process. Based on 1193 project designs, several configurable “products in product” were identified and developed in a real case study using the proposed method.
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| 32. |
- Jensen, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Configuration through the parameterization of building components
- 2012
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Ingår i: Automation in Construction. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-5805 .- 1872-7891. ; 23, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many construction companies have developed building systems, based on prefabrication strategies, to enhance productivity. Current practice coupled with the difficulties of introducing these systems early in the design process often leads to ad hoc solutions and problems downstream along the value chain. In 2008 a multi-storey timber building system based on modularization principles was developed. The customization process used in this system is illustrated herein using a configurable timber floor slab module. The downstream flow of design information and upstream flow of constraints on, and rules for, the building system are described from three product viewpoints: the customer view, the engineering view and the production view. Using a manufacturing CAD tool, design automation is implemented in the engineering view and connected to an architectural CAD tool. The demonstration software shows that manufacturing CAD tools can be used to create design automation alternatives for modularized building systems within the construction industry.
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| 33. |
- Jensen, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Development and configuration modular timber building system
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2011 eg-ice Workshop. - Twente : University of Twente. - 9789036532167
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2010, the first commercial project using a new modular timber building system started. Four-thousand two-hundred square metres of living area divided into 170 apartments were to be built in Malmö, Sweden. This paper describes the development and implementation of a modularized timber building system. During the development, decomposition must allow the design to be modular. In addition, the ability to implement component swap modularity in order to support different functional requirements added to the flexibility of the building system. However, the benefits of having flexibility in the design of standardized module interfaces had to be balanced against the economic consequences of overcapacity. The project identified that the benefits of modularization can be expressed as a magnification factor defined as the number of possible unique solutions divided by the number of module variants. In the implementation phase of a new modular building system, it is essential to communicate the constraints and rules of the building system to the various workers involved otherwise ad hoc solutions will appear. The introduction of modularization support in CAD tools used by the architects solved many of the initial problems and created a configuration process which produced minimal disruption and reduced the number of design iterations.1
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| 34. |
- Jensen, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Improving buildability with platforms and configurators
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings IGLC-21. - Fortaleza, Brazil. ; , s. 771-780
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The different stages in construction projects are often separated with little interaction between the different trades. Many researchers proclaim that this separation between design and production limits the buildability of construction designs. Thus there is a need for providing knowledge of rules and constraints imposed from production in the design of construction products. A way of integration of production knowledge in the design is by implementing product platforms and configurators in construction projects. This paper describes the development of a configurator for a modularized concrete bridge that can be produced efficiently. Production of bridges can be selected to be built either on site or prefabricated. Previous work to develop configurators has mainly focused on the efficiency of the design phase and is usually not linked to production improvements and simplifications. By defining the product platform for a certain bridge variant within its market segment, the technical solutions can be designed to be flexible while ensuring the buildabuility in the construction phase.The developed configurator is built in SolidWorks and parametrically coupled using Tacton Studio. The first version generates geometrical drawings. Whereas validation show that parametric modelling configurators can be used for increasing buildability and efficiency at site, and also increasing the range of feasible alternatives and for speeding up the design process.
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| 35. |
- Jensen, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Product configuration of roundabouts
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 30th CIB W78 International Conference. ; , s. 1-10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to develop methods in the design of roundabouts that can be used in early conceptual phases of infrastructural projects to avoid erroneous solutions propagating downstream the value chain. Adapting theory and principals from mass customization and design configuration, a configurator for roundabouts to be used in early phases was developed and validated in a live project. The configurator is built in SolidWorks and parametrically coupled to the use of Tacton Studio. The configurator generates a drawing and a protocol that informs the user of the chosen configuration and where it doesn’t conform to the Swedish standards.In conclusion, it is possible to use theories from mass customization to develop configurators that can simplify the design process and thus evaluating the design according to norms and standards in early phases of the project. In the search for increased efficiency within infrastructural projects, parametric modeling configurators can be used to speed up the design process and expand the range of alternatives that can be generated. In that sense, this article contributes to the understanding of how mass customization principles in general can be used in construction and how it can be implemented in the design of specific projects.
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| 36. |
- Johansson, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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A Stakeholder Planning Support System for District Heating Systems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Computing in civil and building engineering. - Reston, Va. : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 9780784413616 - 9781632669742 ; , s. 713-720
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy conservation measures are needed to prevent the world from moving in an unsustainable direction. Actions targeting the building sector are especially vital since it stands for a large share of the total energy use. The objective of this research is, therefore, to provide a framework for using visualization of aggregated energy use over time in a district heating network to stakeholders. This is fulfilled by integrating building information and energy data from a district heating supplier. The integration of building information and energy data makes it possible to identify high energy consumers through a performance visualization interface. Furthermore, the interface is connected to a collaboration hub which offers a communication opportunity between consumers, suppliers, energy advisors and urban planners. Additionally, a stakeholder management approach is proposed to support the energy advisor in managing and selecting the consumers to target with advice and actions. The visualization, collaboration and the stakeholder component of the proposed system creates a Planning Support System (PSS) by which the citizens, energy advisors and urban planners can monitor the use of energy and also suggest actions to decrease the energy use of buildings. The next step of this research will be to evaluate and test the PSS together with energy advisors of 20 municipalities in Sweden.
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| 37. |
- Johansson, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Development of 4D public participation GIS to improve communication of city transformation processes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Construction Research Congress 2012. - Reaston, Va. : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 9780784412329 ; , s. 1242-1251
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a case study of the city transformation of Kiruna we concluded that the information about the urban planning processes; (1) was scattered and hard to understand and (2) not communicated properly for the public to be able to participate. Here public participation geographical systems (PPGIS) and modeling of a project delivery timeline, also known as 4D, are possibilities to improve communication with stakeholders in urban planning and construction processes. As a result, we set up three requirements for the development of a 4D PPGIS communication platform. Firstly, time-space urban planning information must be available and understandable for the citizens to comprehend. Secondly, the communication platform must support two-way asynchronous communication for collecting public opinions and proposals. Finally, the user interface, operations and management of the platform must engage citizens to participate in the urban planning process. An experimental 4D PPGIS based on Google Earth and Facebook services was developed to visualize geo-referenced past, current and future urban activities and support public discussions regarding planning proposals. The prototype is currently being evaluated in the first iterative cycle of the information system development method
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Klaassen, Raymond, et al.
(författare)
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Loop migration in adult marsh harriers Circus aeruginosus, as revealed by satellite telemetry
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Avian Biology. - 0908-8857 .- 1600-048X. ; 41:2, s. 200-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Loop migration among birds is characterized by the spring route lying consistently west or east of the autumn route. The existence of loops has been explained by general wind conditions or seasonal differences in habitat distribution. Loop migration has predominantly been studied at the population level, for example by analysing ring recoveries. Here we study loop migration of individual marsh harriers Circus aeruginosus tracked by satellite telemetry. We show that despite a generally narrow migration corridor the harriers travelled in a distinct clockwise loop through Africa and southern Europe, following more westerly routes in spring than in autumn. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to identify potential feeding habitat in Africa. Suitable habitat seemed always more abundant along the western route, both in spring and autumn, and no important stopover site was found along the eastern route. Observed routes did thus not coincide with seasonal variation in habitat availability. However, favourable habitat might be more important during spring migration, when the crossing of the Sahara seems more challenging, and thus habitat availability might play an indirect role in the harriers' route choice. Grid-based wind data were used to reconstruct general wind patterns, and in qualitative agreement with the observed loop marsh harriers predominantly encountered westerly winds in Europe and easterly winds in Africa, both in autumn and in spring. By correlating tail- and crosswinds with forward and perpendicular movement rates, respectively, we show that marsh harriers are partially drifted by wind. Thus, we tentatively conclude that wind rather than habitat seems to have an overriding effect on the shape of the migration routes of marsh harriers. General wind conditions seem to play an important role also in the evolution of narrow migratory loops as demonstrated for individual marsh harriers.
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| 40. |
- Krantz, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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An Energy Model for Sustainable Decision-Making in Road Construction Projects
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road construction operations often require considerable amounts of energy in the form of fossil fuels, thus generating considerable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While fuel efficiency of the heavy construction equipment is extensively studied, limited attention is given to how the construction process can be planned in order to reduce energy use and GHG-emissions. In this paper a conceptual model is proposed for the assessment of energy use and GHG-emission in road construction projects. When applied to a case study the conceptual energy model is a useful tool to asses and evaluate project alternatives in the early planning stages of road construction projects. As a result both the energy use and GHG-emissions in road construction projects can be reduced.
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| 41. |
- Kuemmerle, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing range dynamics and range fragmentation of European bison for the last 8000 years
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Diversity and Distributions. - : Wiley. - 1366-9516. ; 18:1, s. 47-59
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Understanding what constituted species ranges prior to large-scale human influence, and how past climate and land use change have affected range dynamics, provides conservation planners with important insights into how species may respond to future environmental change. Our aim here was to reconstruct the Holocene range of European bison (Bison bonasus) by combining a time-calibrated species distribution models (SDM) with a dynamic vegetation model. Location Europe. Method We used European bison occurrences from the Holocene in a maximum entropy model to assess bison range dynamics during the last 8000 years. As predictors, we used bioclimatic variables and vegetation reconstructions from the generalized dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS. We compared our range maps with maps of farmland and human population expansion to identify the main species range constraints. Results The Holocene distribution of European bison was mainly determined by vegetation patterns, with bison thriving in both broadleaved and coniferous forests, as well as by mean winter temperature. The heartland of European bison was in Central and Eastern Europe, whereas suitable habitat in Western Europe was scarce. While environmentally suitable regions were overall stable, the expansion of settlements and farming severely diminished available habitat. Main conclusions European bison habitat preferences may be wider than previously assumed, and our results suggest that the species had a more eastern and northern distribution than previously reported. Vegetation and climate transformation during the Holocene did not affect the bison's range substantially. Conversely, human population growth and the spread of farming resulted in drastic bison habitat loss and fragmentation, likely reaching a tipping point during the last 1000 years. Combining SDM and dynamic vegetation models can improve range reconstructions and projections, and thus help to identify resilient conservation strategies for endangered species.
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| 42. |
- Kuemmerle, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Refugee species: which historic baseline should inform conservation planning?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Diversity and Distributions. - : Wiley. - 1366-9516. ; 18:12, s. 1258-1261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding species’ historical ranges can provide important information for conservation planning in the face of environmental change. Cromsigt et al. (this issue) comment on our recent European bison (Bison bonasus) range reconstruction, suggesting that bison were already 8000 years ago a refugee species (i.e. restricted to marginal habitat due to past human pressure) and that species distribution models (SDM) are generally of limited use for refugee species conservation. While we welcome this discussion, we find no evidence for the claim that human pressure prior to 8000 BP determined where bison occurred. More importantly, as human pressure is generally high and increasing, attempts to restore species across their former range may fail where the factors that relegated species into refugee status are still at play or where their optimal habitat has vanished. Identifying areas where human pressure is low and where refugee species have persisted over the last millennia is crucial, and SDM based on historical data are important for doing so. Refugee species suffer from the shifting baseline syndrome, but careful reality checks are needed and all available data should be considered before determining the baseline that should inform conservation planning.
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| 43. |
- Kunz, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative Whiteboard: Towards Remote CollaBoration and Interaction in Construction Design
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proc. 27th International Conference on Applications of IT in the ABC Industry & Accelerating BIM Research Workshop. ; , s. 132-140
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for improved collaboration and interaction in construction projects has grown significantly in recent years, especially as projects have become ever more complex. The early design stage is of particular importance for the final results as most of the building’s lifecycle characteristics are committed at this stage, and the opportunity to influence them decreases rapidly as the cost of making changes, or correcting design errors, increases dramatically. Recent advances in information technology offer methods and tools to meet this need. In view of this, a collaborative whiteboard (CollaBoard) for remote collaboration – is being developed to support mixed, geographically distributed teams. Interconnected via a network, two or more system setups allow users to interact and share information over a common, interactive vertical whiteboard, allowing experts from different disciplines access to databases through intuitive interfaces in order to integrate and optimize lifecycle-related parameters into a new product. Superimposing the live video of the remote partner – “people on content” – also allows the transfer of meta information, such as gestures, resulting in more intuitively distributed collaborative teamwork.
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| 44. |
- Laitila, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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A two-phase sampling scheme and pi ps designs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference. - : Elsevier. - 0378-3758 .- 1873-1171. ; 141:5, s. 1646-1654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A two-phase approach for sampling with unequal inclusions probabilities and fixed sample size is presented. The expansion estimator using target inclusion probabilities is suggested for estimation of population parameters. As an alternative, the estimator for two-phase sampling can be used for estimation. Inclusion probabilities are shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the targeted inclusion probabilities. By means of simulation associated estimators are shown to work well with respect to bias and precision.
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| 45. |
- Larsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Industrialized construction in the Swedish infrastructure sector : core elements and barriers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-6193 .- 1466-433X. ; 32:1-2, s. 83-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving productivity and innovation is a central challenge in all industries, but particularly in construction where improvements have been slow. To meet this challenge, a recent investigation into the actions of Swedish government clients has recognized needs to improve planning during project procurement phases, increase numbers of turnkey contracts and raise industrialization of the sector. In response, the Swedish Transportation Administration has launched a research and innovation programme to foster an industrial approach and identify ways to increase the standardization of products and processes. However, increasing industrialization has been difficult to achieve in the project-based construction industry except in the process-based housing sector. Further, there has been little research on the concept of industrialized infrastructure construction and barriers to its implementation. Opinions and attitudes of clients, consultants and contractors in the infrastructure sector were investigated in relation to the core elements of industrialized construction, and the barriers hindering its development. Opportunities and obstacles related to both product and process standardization for continuous improvements and the relationships between clients and contractors are revealed. Hence, the implementation of industrialized construction requires tightly focused governance at the outset of projects and profound changes to established attitudes, norms and regulations
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| 46. |
- Larsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Platform concepts in bridge construction
- 2014
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Ingår i: Computing in civil and building engineering. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 9781632669742 - 9780784413616 ; , s. 1473-1480
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving productivity and innovation is a central challenge in all industries, but particularly in construction where improvements have been slow. The Swedish Transportation Administration, the largest public client in Sweden, has launched a research and innovation program to increase productivity by foster an industrial approach and identify ways to increase the standardization of products and processes. The use of customizable platforms in bridge construction is in this paper explored as a tool for increasing the standardization. Especially the connection between the product and process platforms is exemplified using a developed bridge concept by a Swedish contractor. The development of modular platforms needs to consider which components and processes that can be specified (standardized) in advance and which that needs to be uniquely adapted to the specific project. Also, the encapsulation of knowledge in standardized design and construction modules in supporting platforms and configuration tools turn tacit personal know-how into formal explicit knowledge that can be managed and continuously improved by the construction company.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Lidberg, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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An approach to illustrate strategies for improved energy efficiency at the municipal level
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the 14th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling. - 9789185775248 ; , s. 50-55
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work focuses on how implementation of wellknown refurbishment strategies, applied on multifamily buildings in a post-war housing complex in Sweden can affect the generation of district heating. Both the energy use and the power load were considered.The study was performed in Borlänge municipality, Sweden, where the municipality owns both the energy and the housing companies. The strategies for energy efficiency were simulated with IDA-ICE for the Tjärna Ängar area, a housing complex built between 1969- 1971, with access to documented information about the buildings and energy audit. The results of the building simulation were implemented in a simplified model of the local district heating system.The results indicate how different renovation strategies affect the demand of energy and power load within the district heating system and can be used to provide indicators for different scenarios. The larger goal of the research is how to maximize the economic and environmental efficiency of improvement strategies on a municipal level as well as how to find appropriate energy optimization methods that can be proposed by building contractors. The initial study presented here was conducted within the research program Reesbe.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Lu, Weizhuo, et al.
(författare)
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A lean-agile model of homebuilders' production systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-6193 .- 1466-433X. ; 29:1, s. 25-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A lean-agile model of homebuilders' production systems is proposed in this research. Value stream mapping is utilized to clarify the proposed lean-agile model, in which pull and Kanban are used to ensure smooth production upstream of the de-coupling point, while fluctuating market demands in terms of variety of homes and variability of volumes are managed by the agile process downstream of the de-coupling point. The decoupling point is used to provide components to downstream agile process and shield upstream smooth production from market fluctuations. A simulation model is developed to evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed lean-agile model. Simulation experiments show that the lean-agile model prevents the accumulation of high inventory levels and thus provides better customization opportunities for clients compared to even-flow-construction. It also provides a more stable process with shorter cycle times compared to sales-driven production. The proposed lean-agile model offers new possibilities for homebuilders to manage the balance between meeting fluctuating market demands and stabilizing the production system.
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