| 1. |
- Guldevall, Karolin, et al.
(författare)
-
Microchip screening Platform for single cell assessment of NK cell cytotoxicity
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-3224. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we report a screening platform for assessment of the cytotoxic potential of individual natural killer (NK) cells within larger populations. Human primary NK cells were distributed across a silicon-glass microchip containing 32,400 individual microwells loaded with target cells. Through fluorescence screening and automated image analysis, the numbers of NK and live or dead target cells in each well could be assessed at different time points after initial mixing. Cytotoxicity was also studied by time-lapse live-cell imaging in microwells quantifying the killing potential of individual NK cells. Although most resting NK cells (approximate to 75%) were non-cytotoxic against the leukemia cell line K562, some NK cells were able to kill several (>= 3) target cells within the 12-h long experiment. In addition, the screening approach was adapted to increase the chance to find and evaluate serial killing NK cells. Even if the cytotoxic potential varied between donors, it was evident that a small fraction of highly cytotoxic NK cells were responsible for a substantial portion of the killing. We demonstrate multiple assays where our platform can be used to enumerate and characterize cytotoxic cells, such as NK or T cells. This approach could find use in clinical applications, e.g., in the selection of donors for stem cell transplantation or generation of highly specific and cytotoxic cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
|
|
| 2. |
- Olofsson, Thomas, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Små steg har betydelse
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Västerbottenskuriren. ; , s. 7-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 3. |
- Alerstam, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Hypotheses and tracking results about the longest migration : The case of the arctic tern
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 9:17, s. 9511-9531
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The arctic tern Sterna paradisaea completes the longest known annual return migration on Earth, traveling between breeding sites in the northern arctic and temperate regions and survival/molt areas in the Antarctic pack-ice zone. Salomonsen (1967, Biologiske Meddelelser, Copenhagen Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 24, 1) put forward a hypothetical comprehensive interpretation of this global migration pattern, suggesting food distribution, wind patterns, sea ice distribution, and molt habits as key ecological and evolutionary determinants. We used light-level geolocators to record 12 annual journeys by eight individuals of arctic terns breeding in the Baltic Sea. Migration cycles were evaluated in light of Salomonsen's hypotheses and compared with results from geolocator studies of arctic tern populations from Greenland, Netherlands, and Alaska. The Baltic terns completed a 50,000 km annual migration circuit, exploiting ocean regions of high productivity in the North Atlantic, Benguela Current, and the Indian Ocean between southern Africa and Australia (sometimes including the Tasman Sea). They arrived about 1 November in the Antarctic zone at far easterly longitudes (in one case even at the Ross Sea) subsequently moving westward across 120–220 degrees of longitude toward the Weddell Sea region. They departed from here in mid-March on a fast spring migration up the Atlantic Ocean. The geolocator data revealed unexpected segregation in time and space between tern populations in the same flyway. Terns from the Baltic and Netherlands traveled earlier and to significantly more easterly longitudes in the Indian Ocean and Antarctic zone than terns from Greenland. We suggest an adaptive explanation for this pattern. The global migration system of the arctic tern offers an extraordinary possibility to understand adaptive values and constraints in complex pelagic life cycles, as determined by environmental conditions (marine productivity, wind patterns, low-pressure trajectories, pack-ice distribution), inherent factors (flight performance, molt, flocking), and effects of predation/piracy and competition.
|
|
| 4. |
- Allard, Ingrid, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
A methodology to investigate the building energy performance gap
- 2015
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to evaluate compliance with requirements on building energy performance, it is necessary to find strategies to process discrepancies from the results of forward simulations in the design stage and of measurements in the operated stage. The gap between designed performance and measured performance is referred to as the “performance gap”. It can be divided into a procurement gap (between intended design and verified performance) and an operational gap (between verified performance and non-normalized measurements). In this work we introduced a methodology for performance gap analysis, based on separating the procurement- and operational gap. An important component to do this is calibrations of calculations using measured data. The suggested methodology allows for more detailed verifications of building energy performance and can be used to study how indicators reflect the performance gap. The proposed methodology is tested using data from a well-documented and measured operated single family building, in sub-arctic climate in Sweden.The indicators studied in the verification were carefully analyzed. The methodology was found reliable based on the obtained results and a sensitivity analysis. An overall observation is that the applicability of the methodology depends on the accuracy of the hybrid method. The accuracy of the performance gap analysis per definition depends on the available information of the operated building, and consequently to access to extensive measured data.
|
|
| 5. |
- Allard, Ingrid
(författare)
-
Achieving building energy performance : requirements and evaluation methods for residential buildings in Sweden, Norway, and Finland
- 2015
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Building energy performance has always been important in the cold climate of Sweden, Norway and Finland. To meet the goal that all new buildings should be nearly zero-energy buildings by 2020, set in the EU directive 2010/31/EU [1] on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD recast), the building sector in Europe now faces a transition towards buildings with improved energy performance. In such a transition, a discussion is needed about the objective of the improvement – why, or to what end, the building energy performance should be improved. The objective of improving building energy performance is often a political decision, but scientific research can contribute with knowledge on how the objectives can be achieved.This thesis addresses how the indicators used in the requirements used to achieve building energy performance in Sweden, Norway, and Finland, and the methods used to evaluate these requirements, reflect building energy performance. It also addresses difficulties in achieving comparable and verifiable indicators in evaluations of building energy performance. The research objective has two parts: to review, compare, and discuss (i) requirements and (ii) evaluation methods used to achieve energy performance of residential buildings in Sweden, Norway and Finland. The work in this thesis includes reviews of the requirements used in national building codes and passive house criteria to achieve building energy performance, of methods used to evaluate compliance with such requirements, and of methods used specifically to evaluate the indicator Envelope Air Tightness. The results show that different sets of indicators are used to achieve building energy performance in the studied building codes and passive house criteria. The methods used to evaluate compliance with requirements used to achieve building energy performance are also different, but calculation methods are generally more often used than measurement methods. The calculation- and measurement methods used are often simple. A methodology to analyze the deviation between predictions- and measurements of building energy performance (the performance gap) was developed, to investigate the effects of different evaluation methods on different indicators used to achieve building energy performance. The methodology was tested in a case-study. This study indicated that the choice of method affects which parts of the performance gap reflected in the indicators Supplied Energy (see Terminology), Net Energy (see Terminology), and Overall U-value. Among the reviewed methods to evaluate air tightness, the Fan/Blower Door Pressurization is well known and preferred by professionals in the field. The results in this thesis may be useful when choosing indicators and evaluation methods to achieve different objectives of improving building energy performance and in the quest towards comparable and verifiable indicators used to achieve building energy performance.
|
|
| 6. |
- Allard, Ingrid, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy evaluation of residential buildings : Performance gap analysis incorporating uncertainties in the evaluation methods
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Tsinghua University Press. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 11:4, s. 725-737
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calculation and measurement-based energy performance evaluations of the same building often provide different results. This difference is referred as "the performance gap". However, a large performance gap may not necessarily mean that there are flaws in the building or deviations from the intended design. The causes for the performance gap can be analysed by calibrating the simulation model to measured data. In this paper, an approach is introduced for verifying compliance with energy performance criteria of residential buildings. The approach is based on a performance gap analysis that takes the uncertainties in the energy evaluation methods into consideration. The scope is to verify building energy performance through simulation and analysis of measured data, identifying any performance gap due to deviations from the intended design or flaws in the finished building based on performance gap analysis. In the approach, a simulation model is calibrated to match the heat loss coefficient of the building envelope [kWh/K] instead of the measured energy. The introduced approach is illustrated using a single-family residential building. The heat loss coefficient was found useful towards identifying any deviations from the intended design or flaws in the finished building. The case study indicated that the method uncertainty was important to consider in the performance gap analysis and that the proposed approach is applicable even when the performance gap appears to be non-existing.
|
|
| 7. |
- Allard, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy performance indicators in the Swedish building procurement process
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 9:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, all new buildings need to comply with the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning’s requirement on specific purchased energy (kWh/m2). Accordingly, this indicator is often used to set design criteria in the building procurement process. However, when energy use is measured in finished buildings, the measurements often deviate significantly from the design calculations. The measured specific purchased energy does not necessarily reflect the responsibility of the building contractor, as it is influenced by the building operation, user behavior and climate. Therefore, Swedish building practitioners may prefer other indicators for setting design criteria in the building procurement process. The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to understand the Swedish building practitioners’ perspectives and opinions on seven building energy performance indicators (envelope air leakage, U-values for different building parts, average U-value, specific heat loss, heat loss coefficient, specific net energy, and specific purchased energy); and (ii) to understand the consequences for the energy performance of multi-family buildings of using the studied indicators to set criteria in the procurement process. The study involved a Delphi approach and simulations of a multi-family case study building. The studied indicators were discussed in terms of how they may meet the needs of the building practitioners when used to set building energy performance criteria in the procurement process.
|
|
| 8. |
- Azizi, Shoaib, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysing the house-owners’ perceptions on benefits and barriers of energy renovation in Swedish single-family houses
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 198, s. 187-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-family houses offer a large potential for energy savings by energy renovation (ER). Homeowners’ motivation to implement ER derives from the benefits and barriers they perceive. Benefits are the positive consequences that can motivate homeowners to act and barriers are the challenges that demotivate them to undertake ER. Different benefits and barriers do not homogenously affect every homeowner. Identifying motivating benefits and demotivating barriers for each specific group among homeowners can shed lights on ER decision-making and enable policies that are more effective. The objective of this study is to contextualize the implementation of ER by understanding how the perceived benefits and barriers influence homeowners. This study links the expected consequences, which are benefits and barriers to the influential factors on ER, which are used to group the homeowners.The analysis is based on a questionnaire survey mailed to 1550 owners of single-family houses in northern Sweden. The perceptions of homeowners on benefits and barriers of ER are significantly different between the groups that are motivated and unmotivated to implement ER. Despite the perceived importance of some of the benefits such as energy cost reduction, they may not be determinative for the homeowners’ decision to undertake ER. The homeowners are more likely to implement ER for reasons other than energy use reduction such as for improving the indoor environment. The barriers such as the difficulty of finding a low-interest loan and reliable information sources are found to impede the intention to implement ER among different groups. Policy implications to facilitate ER in single-family houses are discussed.
|
|
| 9. |
- Azizi, Shoaib, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative Study of Influential Factors on Implementation of Energy Efficiency Measures in Single-Family Houses in Cold Climate
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combination of factors, which include occupants and building related aspects, could motivate homeowners to implement energy renovation (ER). This study applies a comparative approach to assess perspectives of single-family homeowners towards different energy efficiency measures (EEMs). The aim is to unveil the factors that are effective on the residents’ attitude and decision making to implement an EEM or a set of EEMs. The analysis is based on a questionnaire survey conducted during spring 2017 among1550 owners of single-family houses in seven municipalities in northern Sweden. Approximately, 35% of respondents expressed their interest to install energy efficient household appliances and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The analysis suggests significant relations between the homeowners’ interest to implement thermal envelope measures and the quality of the house such as age and indoor environmental problems such as cold surfaces. The group of respondents, who reported their heating cost to be high, are more likely to be interested in implementing thermal envelope measures than other measures such as HVAC. Several socio-economic factors are found to be significantly related with homeowners’ interest to implement EEMs.
|
|
| 10. |
- Azizi, Shoaib, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Demand-controlled energy systems in commercial and institutional buildings : a review of methods and potentials
- 2019
-
Ingår i: eceee 2019 Summer Study on energy efficiency. - : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE). - 9789198387858 - 9789198387841 ; , s. 1444-1450
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) are by farthe most energy intensive systems in commercial and institutionalbuildings with office spaces. This makes HVAC systemsattractive targets for energy efficiency improvement. New technologicaladvancements can play significant role on improvingenergy efficiency. Such advancements have been also emergedin form of novel management and control strategies, whichmight lead to considerable energy savings with relatively minorinvestments. This paper evaluates demand control HVAC andlighting to assess the energy saving potential of upgrading theconventional building energy systems.This paper provides a summary of different methods and occupancydetection technologies. A range of technologies andmethods are covered that vary in complexity, limitations andenergy saving potential. Additional benefits such as demandresponse are evaluated and other emerging applications arediscussed. Based on the review of methods and potentials, thepaper assesses the state of the art in demand controlled energysystems and suggests areas for further research.
|
|
| 11. |
- Bengtsson, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
-
Så kan Sverige bli ledande nation i resurseffektivitet
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2016-04-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ny rapport. Det svenska näringslivet kan bli mer hållbart, resurssmart och därmed internationellt konkurrenskraftigt. Men för det behövs en tydlig politisk avsiktsförklaring och riktlinjer. Vi har listat sex områden där policyutveckling brådskar, skriver företrädare för näringsliv, forskning och myndigheter i en gemensam uppmaning.
|
|
| 12. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 562:7725, s. 57-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
|
|
| 13. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 27:12, s. 1402-1411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 The Authors Global Ecology and Biogeography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Motivation: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field-based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade-offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained: The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (>1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain: Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub-Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain: All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement: Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format: csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.
|
|
| 14. |
- Bladh, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Probing the smallest soot particles in low-sooting premixed flames using laser-induced incandescence
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. - : Elsevier BV. - 1540-7489. ; 35, s. 1843-1850
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we investigate nascent soot particles by analyzing laser-induced incandescence (LII) signals obtained in low-sooting premixed flames. The analysis covers two data sets obtained in separate experimental campaigns. The first data set was obtained in a previous work (Mouton et al., 2013) in methane/oxygen/nitrogen flames (equivalence ratio range 1.95 < Phi < 2.32) at 26.7 kPa, whereas the second was performed in atmospheric ethylene/air flames (1.77 < Phi < 2.00). Both studies show similar trends, i.e. a gradual change of the fluence curves (evolution of the LII signal as function of the laser fluence) from the well-known S-shaped curve for mature soot found at high heights above the burner (HAB) and high equivalence ratio, to a nearly linear behavior for nascent soot found at low HAB and reduced equivalence ratio. With this change comes a decrease in the LII decay time (and hence inferred particle size). Also, this decay time appears to be almost constant with HAB in flames having the lowest equivalence ratio at which the incandescence signal could be detected. In these flames, so-called nucleation flames, the stability of the particle size with HAB suggests that recently nucleated particles have undergone marginal surface growth and coagulation. Existence of such nucleation flames is of great interest for improving the theoretical description of the nucleation step. Experimental results are analyzed by using a theoretical model for LII to determine the particle size evolution throughout the flame at various experimental conditions. We highlight the size difference from nascent soot particles up to mature soot, giving insight into the particle nucleation and the surface growth processes as a function of reaction time and flame conditions. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 15. |
- Boccaletti, Anthony, et al.
(författare)
-
Fast-moving features in the debris disk around AU Microscopii
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 526:7572, s. 230-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 1980s, excess infrared emission was discovered around main-sequence stars; subsequent direct-imaging observations revealed orbiting disks of cold dust to be the source(1). These 'debris disks' were thought to be by-products of planet formation because they often exhibited morphological and brightness asymmetries that may result from gravitational perturbation by planets. This was proved to be true for the beta Pictoris system, in which the known planet generates an observable warp in the disk(2-5). The nearby, young, unusually active late-type star AU Microscopii hosts a well-studied edge-on debris disk; earlier observations in the visible and near-infrared found asymmetric localized structures in the form of intensity variations along the midplane of the disk beyond a distance of 20 astronomical units(6-9). Here we report high-contrast imaging that reveals a series of five large-scale features in the southeast side of the disk, at projected separations of 10-60 astronomical units, persisting over intervals of 1-4 years. All these features appear to move away from the star at projected speeds of 4-10 kilometres per second, suggesting highly eccentric or unbound trajectories if they are associated with physical entities. The origin, localization, morphology and rapid evolution of these features are difficult to reconcile with current theories.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-
(författare)
-
Efficiency factors for space heating system in buildings
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis focuses on the efficiency of the space heating system. In particular, the efficiency factors measure the efficiency of thermal zone. The efficiency factors measures how the energy is used in a space heating. Efficiency factors relatively close to one mean that the energy is used "efficiently'', by contrast, efficiency factors close to the zero mean that the majority of the energy is lost to the outdoor environment. This method for the appraisal of space heating performance reads as if it is apparently simple and intuitive. In reality, the efficiency factor method has several pitfalls.The thesis provides tools, insights and remarks on how to apply the efficiency factor method to space heating systems equipped with hydronic panel radiator and floor heating respectively. Models of the latter heaters together with the multilayer wall were developed and validated to understand the reliability of their predictions. The hypothesis is that the heat stored in the building thermal mass and heaters plays a role in defining the building thermal performance and as a result in the appraisal of the efficiency factors. The validation is based on the sensitivity bands of the models' predictions. The heaters were tested in in a thermostatic booth simulator. Benefits and drawbacks of each model were highlighted to increase awareness of their use in the engineering fields. The results showed how the models accounting for the heat stored performed the charging phase. In addition, results of how the multilayer wall delayed and damped down the heat wave coming from the outdoor environment were presented with the appraisal of the decrement factor and time delay of the indoor temperature. The results of the efficiency factors analysis reveal how the weather affects the efficiency of each locality situated in cold climates. Lastly how different control strategies impact on the efficiency factors of space heating and its distribution system. To conclude, this study highlights the paradoxes around the efficiency factor method. The thesis proposes how such factors have to be interpreted by researchers and scientists tackling the lack of information around this topic.
|
|
| 18. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hybrid heating system for open-space office/laboratory
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Energy, Science and Technology 2015. - Karlsruher, Germany : Karlsruhe, KIT. ; , s. 315-315
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open-space office/laboratory are quite common in Scandinavia and they are usually designed for multipurposework. There are office area where is possible to work standing up and in the same time to work at the desk. Forthis purpose a hybrid heating system made by electric convectors and panel radiators is investigated. Two stepresponse tests of the hybrid heating system are performed at the laboratory of Umeå University. The first test isexecuted during the week, disturbances from heat sources degrading the quality of the results. The second test isperformed during week-end. The error analysis shows a maximum discrepancies of +0.6 °C between measuredand simulated data. However, a thermal time constant of the room can be deducted and use it for controlling purposes.
|
|
| 19. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hybrid heating system for open-space office/laboratory
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Energy, Science and Technology 2015. - Karlsruhe : Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). ; , s. 315-315
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open-space office/laboratory are quite common in Scandinavia and they are usually designed for multipurpose work. There are office area where is possible to work standing up and in the same time to work at the desk. For this purpose a hybrid heating system made by electric convectors and panel radiators is investigated. Two step response tests of the hybrid heating system are performed at the laboratory of Umeå University. The first test is executed during the week, disturbances from heat sources degrading the quality of the results. The second test is performed during week-end. The error analysis shows a maximum discrepancies of +0.6 °C between measured and simulated data. However, a thermal time constant of the room can be deducted and use it for controlling purposes.
|
|
| 20. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of thermal parameters addressed to a building simulation model
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Energy, Science and Technology 2015. - Karlsruher, Germany : Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT). ; , s. 128-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The uncertainty of setting input parameters in a building model can have a major impact on the simulated output. The tolerance of thermal parameters is a necessary information that helps modeler to know the influence of eachfactors on the outcomes. This paper shows the allowable tolerance of thermal parameters in order to build anaccurate building model.
|
|
| 21. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigations of thermal parameters addressed to a building simulation model
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of BS2015. - India, Hyderabad : International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA). ; , s. 2741-2748, s. 2741-2748
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows the tolerance of thermal parameters addressed to a building simulation model in relation to the local control of the HVAC system. This work is suitable for a modeler that has to set up a building simulation model. The modeler has to know which parameter needs to be considered carefully and vice-versa which does not need deep investigations. Local differential sensitivity analysis of thermal parameters generates the uncertainty bands for the indoor air. The latter operation is repeated with P, PI and PID local control of the heating system. In conclusion, the local control of a room has a deterministic impact on the tolerance of thermal parameters.
|
|
| 22. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-
(författare)
-
Modelling and simulation of building components : thermal interaction between multilayer wall and hydronic radiator
- 2016
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and Scope: The scope of this thesis is to investigate the thermal behaviour of building components as hydronic radiator and multilayer walls subjected to dynamic conditions. The modelling and simulation of these building components provide information on how these components thermally interact among each other. The thermal interaction is fundamental to know how the energy is used in buildings. In particular, the thermal energy used in rooms can be expressed as the efficiencies for emission in a space heating system. This thesis analyzes the efficiencies for emission of a space heating system equipped with hydronic radiator for Swedish buildings by providing a comprehensive and detailed approach on this topic.Methodology: The methods used in this thesis are: experiment, modelling of multilayer wall and hydronic radiator, the dynamic simulation of the building and the efficiencies for emission of a space heating system. Here, the experiment, known as step response test, shows the heating up process of a hydronic radiator. The observation of the qualitative measurements suggests the most suitable technique of modelling the radiator known as transient modelling with multiple storage elements. The multilayer wall has been discretized both in space and time variable with a Finite Difference Method. Dynamic simulation of the building provides the efficiencies for emission of a space heating system.Findings: The experimental results show how the radiator performs the charging phase. The performance of the transient model is compared with lumped steady state models in terms of temperature of exhaust flow and total heat emitted. Results of the dynamic simulation show how buildings located in a Northern climate use the energy in a better way than Southern climates in Sweden. Heavy active thermal mass provides higher efficiencies for emission than light thermal mass. Radiators with connection pipes located on the same side react faster at the thermodynamic changing of the mass flow rate by providing higher efficiencies for emission than radiators with connection pipes located on the opposite side.Conclusion and Outlook: This thesis increases the knowledge about the modelling and simulation of hydronic radiators and multilayer walls. More research is needed on this topic to encompass modelling details of building components often ignored. The modelling and simulation of building components are the key to understand how building components thermally interact with each other. The thermal interaction among building components is a fundamental parameter for the assessment of efficiencies of emission of the space heating system. In the near future, the concept of efficiencies of emission can be implemented in National Building Code, therefore, this study provides guidelines on how to assess these efficiencies.
|
|
| 23. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
One dimensional model of transient heat conduction through multilayer walls/slabs : The functionality of insulation and brick materials in terms of decrement factor and time lag
- 2016
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multilayer wall is a common type of building envelope used in buildings located in cold climates. The building envelope is typically composed by internal and external masses made by bricks or concrete separated by a large thickness of insulation material. This paper investigates the thermal behavior of a multilayer wall subjected to temperature excitation on both wall sides. The analysis is conducted by discretizing the continuous space and time variables of the mathematical model identified in the heat equation. Euler backwards solves the numerical model of multilayer wall by providing an unconditionally stable solution. The step response test shows the correct working of the model which reaches the steady state solution. The results of this paper are expressed in terms of temperature of each wall layer against the time. In particular, (i) the large thickness of insulation material separates thermodynamically the outside external mass from the internal mass, (ii) 20 cm thickness of insulation material damps the heat wave with a decrement factor of 3.41 °ͦC and a time lag of 1 hour, (iii) the external brick layer damps the heat wave with a decrement factor of 1.97 °ͦC and a time lag of 5 hours.
|
|
| 24. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Paradoxes in understanding the Efficiency Factors of Space Heating
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 12:3, s. 777-786
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficiency factors are here defined as the thermal energy performance indicators of the space heating. Until recently, the efficiency factors were assumed as one value for space heating located in any climate. This study addresses the problem of how the outdoor climate affects the efficiency factors of a space heating equipped with 1D model of hydronic floor heating. The findings show how the efficiency factors, computed with two numerical methods, are correlated with the solar radiation. This study highlights the paradoxes in understanding the results of efficiency factors analysis. This work suggests how to interpret and use the efficiency factors as a benchmark performance indicator.
|
|
| 25. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Practical support for evaluating efficiency factors of a space heating system in cold climates : modelling and simulation of hydronic panel radiator with different location of connection pipes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 10:5, s. 1253-1267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plenty of technical norms, included in the EPBD umbrella, assess the performance of buildings or its sub-systems in terms of efficiency. In particular, EN 15316 and its sub-sections, determine the system energy requirements and the system efficiencies of space heating system. This paper focuses on the estimation of efficiencies for emission of hydronic radiators. The assessment of efficiencies for emission occurs by evaluating the amount of heat emitted from the heat emitter and the extra thermal losses towards building envelope. The heat emitted from radiators varies during the heating up/cooling down phases. A factor that influences the heat emitted during these phases is the location of connection pipes of the radiator. Connection pipes can be located on opposite side or at the same side of the radiator. To better estimate the heat emitted from radiators a transient model with multiple storage elements is used in a building simulation model. Sensitivity analysis encompasses all the possible variations on extra thermal losses due to the building location in different climates, the heaviness of active thermal mass and the type of radiator local control. The final outcome of this paper is a practical support where the designer can easily assess the efficiencies for emission of hydronic radiators for Swedish buildings. As main result, (i) the efficiency for control of space heating system is higher in Northern climates than in Southern climates, (ii) heavy active thermal masses allow higher efficiencies for emission than light active thermal masses, (iii) connection pipes located on the same side of the radiator enable higher efficiencies for emission than pipes located on opposite side.
|
|
| 26. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictions' robustness of one-dimensional model of hydronic floor heating : novel validation methodology using a thermostatic booth simulator and uncertainty analysis
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Building Physics. - : Sage Publications. - 1744-2591 .- 1744-2583. ; 41:5, s. 418-444
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydronic floor heating models provide predictions in estimating heat transfer rates and floor surface temperature. Information on the model performance and range of validity of its results are often lacking in literature. Researchers have to know the accuracy and robustness of the model outcomes for performing energy and climate comfort calculations. This article proposes a novel validation methodology based on the uncertainty analysis of input data/parameters of one-dimensional model of hydronic floor heating tested in a thermostatic booth simulator and compared with experimental measurements. The main results are: (1) prediction accuracy between 0.4% and 2.9% for Tf and between 0.7% and 7.8% for qup when the serpentine has tube spacing (p) of 0.30 m, (2) prediction accuracy between 0.5% and 1.4% for Tf and between 8.7% and 12.9% for qup with p = 0.15m and (3) Tfld mostly affects predictions with oscillations between 6.2% and 2.2% for qup. This model provides robust and reliable predictions exclusively for qup when p = 0.30m.
|
|
| 27. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of control strategies on space heating system efficiency in low-energy buildings
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Building Services Engineering Research & Technology. - London : Sage Publications. - 0143-6244 .- 1477-0849. ; 40:6, s. 714-731
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study efficiency factors measures the thermal energy performance for space heating. This study deals with the influence of control strategies on the effriciency factors of space heating and its distribution system. An adaptive control is developed and applied to two types of heating curves (linear and non-linear) for a low-energy building equipped with renewable energy sources. The building is modelled with a hybrid approach (law driven + data driven model). The design of the floor heating is calibrated and validated by assessing the uncertainty bands for low temperatures and mass flow rate. advantages and disavantages of linear and non-linear heating curves are highlighted to illustrate their impact on space heating thermodynamic behaviour and on the efficiency factors of the space heating system.Practical application: The study reveals that applying commercial building energy simulation software is worthwhile to determine reliable performance predictions. Oversimplified building models, in particular when considering building thermal mass, are not capable of simulating the thermodynamic response of a building subjected to different control strategies. The application of different heating cuirves (linear and non-linear) to massless building models leaves the amount of mass flow rate delivered to the space heating unchanged when the building is subjected to sharp variations of the outdoor temperature.
|
|
| 28. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Transient model of a panel radiator
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Energy, Science and Technology 2015. - Karlsruher, Germany : Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). ; , s. 321-321, s. 321-321
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows a detailed transient model of a panel radiator considered as a system of multiple storageelements. The experiment records the temperature surface of the panel in the process of heating up. Thequalitative results of the experiment suggest the more appropriate technique for modelling this technology. The transient model performs the modelling with horizontal thermal capacitances connected in series. This modelcalculates the temperature of exhaust flow, heat emission towards indoor environment, temperature gradient onpanel surface, dead and balancing time identified numerically on the chart.
|
|
| 29. |
- Brembilla, Christian, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Transient model of a panel radiator
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of BS2015. - India, Hyderabad : International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA). ; , s. 2749-2756
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows a transient model of a hydronic panel radiator modelled as a system of multiple storage elements. The experiment´s results suggest the more suitable technique for modelling this technology. The panel radiator is modelled numerically with eight thermal capacitance connected in series by keeping a memory of the heat injected in the thermal unit. The comparison of the performance among lumped steadystate models and transient model, in terms of heat emission and temperature of exhaust flow, shows the potential of the latter approach. To conclude, (1) the transient phase is essential for modelling stocky panels, and (2) this type of modelling has to be addressed for evaluating the performance of low energy buildings.
|
|
| 30. |
- Brown, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Synthesis of New Chiral Diaryliodonium Salts
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Synlett. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0936-5214 .- 1437-2096. ; 26:11, s. 1573-1577
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A structurally diverse range of chiral diaryliodonium salts have been synthesised which have potential application in metal-free stereoselective arylation reactions.
|
|
| 31. |
- Cheng, Xiaogang, et al.
(författare)
-
A Contactless Measuring Method of Skin Temperature based on the Skin Sensitivity Index and Deep Learning
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - Switzerland : MDPI. - 2076-3417 .- 1454-5101. ; 9:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Featured Application The NISDL method proposed in this paper can be used for real time contactless measuring of human skin temperature, which reflects human body thermal comfort status and can be used for control HVAC devices. Abstract In human-centered intelligent building, real-time measurements of human thermal comfort play critical roles and supply feedback control signals for building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Due to the challenges of intra- and inter-individual differences and skin subtleness variations, there has not been any satisfactory solution for thermal comfort measurements until now. In this paper, a contactless measuring method based on a skin sensitivity index and deep learning (NISDL) was proposed to measure real-time skin temperature. A new evaluating index, named the skin sensitivity index (SSI), was defined to overcome individual differences and skin subtleness variations. To illustrate the effectiveness of SSI proposed, a two multi-layers deep learning framework (NISDL method I and II) was designed and the DenseNet201 was used for extracting features from skin images. The partly personal saturation temperature (NIPST) algorithm was use for algorithm comparisons. Another deep learning algorithm without SSI (DL) was also generated for algorithm comparisons. Finally, a total of 1.44 million image data was used for algorithm validation. The results show that 55.62% and 52.25% error values (NISDL method I, II) are scattered at (0 degrees C, 0.25 degrees C), and the same error intervals distribution of NIPST is 35.39%.
|
|
| 32. |
- Cheng, Xiaogang, et al.
(författare)
-
A pilot study of online non-invasive measuring technology based on video magnification to determine skin temperature
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 121, s. 1-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much attention was paid on human centered design strategies for environmental control systems of indoor built environments. The goal is to achieve thermally comfortable, healthy and safe working or living environments in energy efficient manners. Normally building Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems have fixed operating settings, which can't satisfy human thermal comfort requirements under transient and non-uniform indoor thermal environments. Therefore, human thermal physiology signal such as skin temperature, which can reflect human body thermal sensation, has to be measured over time. Several trials have been performed by minimizing measuring sensors such as i-Button and mounting measuring sensors into wearable devices such as glasses. Infrared thermography technology has also been tried to achieve non-invasive measurements. However, it would be much more convenient and feasible if normal computer camera could record images, which could be used to obtain human thermal physiology signals. In this study, skin temperature of hand back, which has a high density of blood vessels and is normally not covered by clothing, was measured by i-button sensors. Images recorded by normal camera were amplified to analyzing skin temperature variation, which are impossible to see with naked eyes. The agreement between i-button sensor measuring results and image magnification results demonstrated the possibility of non-invasive measuring technology by image magnification. Partly personalized saturation-temperature model (T = 96.5 × S + bi) can be used to predict skin temperatures for young East Asia females.
|
|
| 33. |
- Cheng, Xiaogang, et al.
(författare)
-
A total bounded variation approach to low visibility estimation on expressways
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 18:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low visibility on expressways caused by heavy fog and haze is a main reason for traffic accidents. Real-time estimation of atmospheric visibility is an effective way to reduce traffic accident rates. With the development of computer technology, estimating atmospheric visibility via computer vision becomes a research focus. However, the estimation accuracy should be enhanced since fog and haze are complex and time-varying. In this paper, a total bounded variation (TBV) approach to estimate low visibility (less than 300 m) is introduced. Surveillance images of fog and haze are processed as blurred images (pseudo-blurred images), while the surveillance images at selected road points on sunny days are handled as clear images, when considering fog and haze as noise superimposed on the clear images. By combining image spectrum and TBV, the features of foggy and hazy images can be extracted. The extraction results are compared with features of images on sunny days. Firstly, the low visibility surveillance images can be filtered out according to spectrum features of foggy and hazy images. For foggy and hazy images with visibility less than 300 m, the high-frequency coefficient ratio of Fourier (discrete cosine) transform is less than 20%, while the low-frequency coefficient ratio is between 100% and 120%. Secondly, the relationship between TBV and real visibility is established based on machine learning and piecewise stationary time series analysis. The established piecewise function can be used for visibility estimation. Finally, the visibility estimation approach proposed is validated based on real surveillance video data. The validation results are compared with the results of image contrast model. Besides, the big video data are collected from the Tongqi expressway, Jiangsu, China. A total of 1,782,000 frames were used and the relative errors of the approach proposed are less than 10%.
|
|
| 34. |
- Cheng, Xiaogang, et al.
(författare)
-
A variational approach to atmospheric visibility estimation in the weather of fog and haze
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Sustainable cities and society. - : Elsevier. - 2210-6707. ; 39, s. 215-224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time atmospheric visibility estimation in foggy and hazy weather plays a crucial role in ensuring traffic safety. Overcoming the inherent drawbacks with traditional optical estimation methods, like limited sampling volume and high cost, vision-based approaches have received much more attention in recent research on atmospheric visibility estimation. Based on the classical Koschmieder's formula, atmospheric visibility estimation is carried out by extracting an inherent extinction coefficient. In this paper we present a variational framework to handle the nature of time-varying extinction coefficient and develop a novel algorithm of extracting the extinction coefficient through a piecewise functional fitting of observed luminance curves. The developed algorithm is validated and evaluated with a big database of road traffic video from Tongqi expressway (in China). The test results are very encouraging and show that the proposed algorithm could achieve an estimation error rate of 10%. More significantly, it is the first time that the effectiveness of Koschmieder's formula in atmospheric visibility estimation was validated with a big dataset, which contains more than two million luminance curves extracted from real-world traffic video surveillance data.
|
|
| 35. |
- Cheng, Xiaogang, et al.
(författare)
-
NIDL: A pilot study of contactless measurement of skin temperature for intelligent building
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 198, s. 340-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human thermal comfort measurement plays a critical role in giving feedback signals for building energy efficiency. A contactless measuring method based on subtleness magnification and deep learning (NIDL) was designed to achieve a comfortable, energy efficient built environment. The method relies on skin feature data, e.g., subtle motion and texture variation, and a 315-layer deep neural network for constructing the relationship between skin features and skin temperature. A physiological experiment was conducted for collecting feature data (1.44 million) and algorithm validation. The contactless measurement algorithm based on a partly-personalized saturation temperature model (NIPST) was used for algorithm performance comparisons. The results show that the mean error and median error of the NIDL are 0.476 °C and 0.343°C which is equivalent to accuracy improvements of 39.07 % and 38.76 %, respectively.
|
|
| 36. |
- Christell, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Willingness to pay for osteoporosis risk assessment in primary dental care
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Health Economics Review. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2191-1991. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fragility fracture related to osteoporosis among postmenopausal women is a significant cause of morbidity. The care and aftercare of these fractures are associated with substantial costs to society. A main problem is that many individuals suffer from osteoporosis without knowing it before a fracture happens. Dentists may have an important role in early identification of individuals with osteoporosis by assessment of dental radiographs already included in the dental examination. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate postmenopausal women's preferences for an osteoporosis risk assessment in primary dental care. Results: Most respondents (129 of 144 (90%)) were willing to pay for an osteoporosis risk assessment in primary dental care. The overall mean willingness to pay (WTP) including respondents that denoted none or zero WTP was 44.60 Euro (CI 95% 38.46-50.74 Euro) (median 34.75 Euro). A majority (80.6%) of the respondents that denoted WTP also gave a motivation for their answer. The two most common reasons denoted for being willing to pay for osteoporosis risk assessment were the importance of early diagnosis and preventive care to avoid fractures (41.0%) and the importance of knowledge of a risk of osteoporosis (26.4%). A majority of respondents (67.8%) considered it valuable if dental clinics would offer osteoporosis risk assessment. Conclusions: Postmenopausal women seem to find it valuable to be offered osteoporosis risk assessment in primary dental care and are willing to pay for such a risk assessment. From a societal perspective early diagnosis of osteoporosis by risk assessment in primary dental care could prevent osteoporotic related fractures and benefit women's health and quality of life, as well as have a major impact on the health-care budget in terms of cost-savings.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Feng, Kailun, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
A predictive environmental assessment method for construction operations : Application to a Northeast China case study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction accounts for a considerable number of environmental impacts, especially in countries with rapid urbanization. A predictive environmental assessment method enables a comparison of alternatives in construction operations to mitigate these environmental impacts. Process-based life cycle assessment (pLCA), which is the most widely applied environmental assessment method, requires lots of detailed process information to evaluate. However, a construction project usually operates in uncertain and dynamic project environments, and capturing such process information represents a critical challenge for pLCA. Discrete event simulation (DES) provides an opportunity to include uncertainty and capture the dynamic environments of construction operations. This study proposes a predictive assessment method that integrates DES and pLCA (DES-pLCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of on-site construction operations and supply chains. The DES feeds pLCA with process information that considers the uncertain and dynamic environments of construction, while pLCA guides the comprehensive procedure of environmental assessment. A DES-pLCA prototype was developed and implemented in a case study of an 18-storey building in Northeast China. The results showed that the biggest impact variations on the global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication (EP), photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), abiotic depletion potential (ADP), and human toxicity potential (HTP) were 5.1%, 4.1%, 4.1%, 4.7%, 0.3%, and 5.9%, respectively, due to uncertain and dynamic factors. Based on the proposed method, an average impact reduction can be achieved for these six indictors of 2.5%, 21.7%, 8.2%, 4.8%, 32.5%, and 0.9%, respectively. The method also revealed that the material wastage rate of formwork installation was the most crucial managing factor that influences global warming performance. The method can support contractors in the development and management of environmentally friendly construction operations that consider the effects of uncertainty and dynamics.
|
|
| 39. |
- Ghorbani, Morteza, et al.
(författare)
-
Unravelling the Acoustic and Thermal Responses of Perfluorocarbon Liquid Droplets Stabilized with Cellulose Nanofibers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 35:40, s. 13090-13099
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The attractive colloidal and physicochemical properties of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) at interfaces have recently been exploited in the facile production of a number of environmentally benign materials, e.g. foams, emulsions, and capsules. Herein, these unique properties are exploited in a new type of CNF-stabilized perfluoropentane droplets produced via a straightforward and simple mixing protocol. Droplets with a comparatively narrow size distribution (ca. 1-5 μm in diameter) were fabricated, and their potential in the acoustic droplet vaporization process was evaluated. For this, the particle-stabilized droplets were assessed in three independent experimental examinations, namely temperature, acoustic, and ultrasonic standing wave tests. During the acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) process, droplets were converted to gas-filled microbubbles, offering enhanced visualization by ultrasound. The acoustic pressure threshold of about 0.62 MPa was identified for the cellulose-stabilized droplets. A phase transition temperature of about 22 °C was observed, at which a significant fraction of larger droplets (above ca. 3 μm in diameter) were converted into bubbles, whereas a large part of the population of smaller droplets were stable up to higher temperatures (temperatures up to 45 °C tested). Moreover, under ultrasound standing wave conditions, droplets were relocated to antinodes demonstrating the behavior associated with the negative contrast particles. The combined results make the CNF-stabilized droplets interesting in cell-droplet interaction experiments and ultrasound imaging.
|
|
| 40. |
- Glader, Annika, et al.
(författare)
-
Fuktskadade byggnader : kompetensutveckling inom byggbranschen
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De många olika benämningarna på aktörer i byggbranschen har förorsakat problem för beställarna vid valet av kompetenta utredare för utredning av inomhusmiljöproblem. Även för utbildare och studerande har överlappningarna i utbildningssystemen och avsaknaden av behörighetsgränser förorsakat problem. För att svara mot kompetensbehovet på fältet har man hittills fått förlita sig på frivilliga, avgiftsbelagda fortbildningar. Detta system har dock inte klarat av att tillgodose behovet. I Finland har man inom åtgärdsprogrammet ”Fukt- och mögeltalko” haft en arbetsgrupp som tagit fram en plan för hur man borde utveckla utbildningen och kompetensen för de som jobbar med utredning och renovering av fukt- och mögelskadade byggnader. De flesta yrkeshögskolor med byggutbildning har någon form av undervisning om inomhusmiljö och renovering även om antalet lärundervisningstimmar varierar stort. Några skolor har redan idag tillräckligt omfattande utbildning för att motsvara några av de nya förslagen på kompetenskrav. Yrkeshögskolan Novia ansvarar för den svenskspråkiga utbildningen av byggnadsingenjörer och byggmästare i Finland och har inom TEMA-projektet påbörjat utvecklingen av svenskspråkigt utbildningsmaterial och -strategier.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Hrastinski, Stefan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Critical Imaginaries and Reflections on Artificial Intelligence and Robots in Postdigital K-12 Education
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-485X .- 2524-4868 .- 2662-5326. ; 1:2, s. 427-445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is commonly suggested that emerging technologies will revolutionize education. In this paper, two such emerging technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and educational robots (ER), are in focus. The aim of the paper is to explore how teachers, researchers and pedagogical developers critically imagine and reflect upon how AI and robots could be used in education. The empirical data were collected from discussion groups that were part of a symposium. For both AI and ERs, the need for more knowledge about these technologies, how they could preferably be used, and how the emergence of these technologies might affect the role of the teacher and the relationship between teachers and students, were outlined. Many participants saw more potential to use AI for individualization as compared with ERs. However, there were also more concerns, such as ethical issues and economic interests, when discussing AI. While the researchers/developers to a greater extent imagined ideal future technology-rich educational practices, the practitioners were more focused on imaginaries grounded in current practice.
|
|
| 45. |
-
Hållbara hus i kallt klimat : 31 hus från Finland i öster till Kanada i väster
- 2018
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boken beskriver hur hållbar arkitektur kan vara utformad i subarktiskt och arktiskt klimat. Detta visas genom 31 exempel på hållbart byggande i Finland, Sverige, Norge, Svalbard, Island, Grönland, Kanada och USA. Projekten presenteras ur sex hållbarhetsperspektiv - energi, material, återbruk, platsen, klimat och funktion. Varje hus presenteras med bilder och arkitektens beskrivning av huset. Varje projekt har även text på engelska.
|
|
| 46. |
- Hörberg, Thomas, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
The semantic organization of the English odor vocabulary
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most people find it difficult to name familiar odors. Many languages, including English, lack a vocabulary devoted to describing odor qualities (compared to, e.g., a color term vocabulary), and little is known about the vocabulary used to describe odors. Attempts to establish “primary odor descriptors” have been unsuccessful. To date, research on odor vocabulary has rarely been done from a data-driven, empirical perspective.We present a study on the semantic organization of odor vocabulary, based on the distribution of words in olfactory and gustatory contexts, using a three-billion-word corpus of written English. Using a data-driven, computational linguistic approach developed in our lab, we quantify terms with respect to the degree of olfactory-semantic content they convey. We then derive the semantic organization of the top 200 olfactory-related terms, using a distributional-semantic word vector model, which represent semantic distances as multidimensional vector distances. The model is trained on olfactory and gustatory contexts, using the word2vec neural network implementation. Based on the semantic distances, we then use dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques (i.e., PCA and hierarchical clustering) to derive a 3-dimensional, corpus-based semantic space, and six principal descriptor clusters.Using distances based on the Draveneiks odor-term ratings data set, we also derive a semantic space with six specific clusters for the Draveneiks terms. The organization and clustering of our corpus-based semantic space match with the ratings-based semantic space, thereby showing the viability of our corpus-based approach. Based on our corpus-based data, we finally propose a novel domain-general odor term taxonomy (i.e., a domain-general odor wheel) that captures the dimensions and clusters identified in our analyses.
|
|
| 47. |
- Hörberg, Thomas, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
The semantic organization of the English odor vocabulary
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most people find it difficult to name familiar odors (e.g. Herz & Engen, 1996; Jönsson & Stevenson, 2014). Most languages, including English, lack a vocabulary that is devoted to describing odor qualities (as compared to, e.g., a color term vocabulary). Across languages, olfaction has been shown to be the sense with the poorest linguistic codability (i.e. naming consistency, see e.g. Majid et al., 2018). Instead of using devoted, abstract terms for describing odors, speakers of many languages often resort to source-based (e.g. ‘citrusy’) odor descriptions, and relatively little is still known about the vocabulary that is used to describe odors. Attempts to establish “primary odor descriptors” have been unsuccessful in describing wider varieties of odor qualities, and no standard has been agreed upon (e.g. Kaeppler & Mueller, 2013).To date, research on odor vocabulary has rarely been done from a data-driven, empirical perspective.We present a study on the semantic organization of the odor vocabulary, based on the distribution of words in olfactory and gustatory contexts, using a three-billion-word corpus of written English. Using a data-driven, computational linguistic approach recently developed in our lab (Iatropoulos et al., 2018), we quantify terms with respect to degree of olfactory-semantic content they convey. We then derive the semantic organization of the top 200 olfactory-related terms, using a distributional-semantic word vector model, which represents semantic distances as vector distances in a multidimensional space. In order to capture olfactory and gustatory word senses, the model is trained on olfactory and gustatory contexts, using the word2vec neural network implementation (Mikolov, Chen, Corrado, & Dean, 2013). Based on the semantic distances, we then use dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques (i.e., PCA and hierarchical clustering) to derive a 3-dimensional, corpus-based semantic space of the descriptors, and six principal descriptor clusters.Using descriptor distances based on the Draveneiks odor-term rating data set (Dravnieks, 1992), we also derive a semantic space with six specific clusters for the Draveneiks terms. The organization and clustering of our corpus-based semantic space matches with the ratings-based semantic space, thereby showing the viability of our corpus-based approach. Based on our analyses of the corpus-based data, we finally propose a novel domain-general odor term taxonomy (i.e., a domain-general odor wheel) that captures the dimensions and clusters identified in our analyses.Dravnieks, A. (1992). Atlas of odor character profiles. Philadelphia, PA, USA: American Society for Testing and Materials.Herz, R. S., & Engen, T. (1996). Odor memory: Review and analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(3), 300–313.Iatropoulos, G., Herman, P., Lansner, A., Karlgren, J., Larsson, M., & Olofsson, J. K. (2018). The language of smell: Connecting linguistic and psychophysical properties of odor descriptors. Cognition, 178, 37–49.Jönsson, F. U., & Stevenson, R. J. (2014). Odor Knowledge, Odor Naming, and the “Tip-of-the-Nose” Experience. I B. L. Schwartz & A. S. Brown (Red.), Tip-of-the-Tongue States and Related Phenomena (s. 305–326).Kaeppler, K., & Mueller, F. (2013). Odor Classification: A Review of Factors Influencing Perception-Based Odor Arrangements. Chemical Senses, 38(3), 189–209.Majid, A., Roberts, S. G., Cilissen, L., Emmorey, K., Nicodemus, B., O’Grady, L., … Levinson, S. C. (2018). Differential coding of perception in the world’s languages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(45), 11369–11376.Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., & Dean, J. (2013). Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space. arXiv:1301.3781 [cs].
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Jansson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
-
Artistic and Engineering Design of Platform-Based Production Systems : A Study of Swedish Architectural Practice
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 8:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on platform-based production systems for house-building has focused on production and manufacturing issues. The aim of this research is to explore how the architectural design process contributes to the industrialised house-building industry from the perspective of creative design work. It also aims to describe how constraints affect architectural design work in the engineer-to-order context, when using platform-based production systems. Architects with experience in using platform-based building systems with different degrees of constraints were interviewed regarding creative aspects of the design work. The interviews, together with documents relating to platform constraints, were then analysed from the perspective of artistic and engineering design theories. The results show the benefits and issues of using platform constraints, both with prefabrication of volumetric modules, as well as prefabricated slab and wall elements. The study highlights a major research gap by describing how architectural work, from both the creative artistic and engineering design perspectives, is affected by constraints in the building platform: (1) the architectural design work goes through a series of divergent and convergent processes where the divergent processes are explorative and the convergent processes are solution-oriented; and (2), there is a trade-off between creativity and efficiency in the design work. Open parameters for layout design are key to architectural creativity, while predefinition supports efficiency. The results also provide an understanding of the potential for creativity in artistic and engineering work tasks through different phases in design, and how they are related to constraints in the platform. The main limitation of the research is the number of interviewed architects who had different background experiences of working with different types of platform constraints. More studies are needed to confirm the observations and to understand how creativity and efficiency interact with divergent and convergent design processes.
|
|
| 50. |
- Jansson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactive visualization for information flow in production chains : Case study industrialised house-building
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 35th ISARC, Berlin, Germany. - : IAARC Publications. ; , s. 382-388
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predefinitions in house-building platforms is developed as routines to manage project building information models over to production data by documents and digital drawings. Visualisation of the information flow in the industrialised house-building process is hard to track and information are often presented as islands, seldom described in the flow for the entire process. Interactive visualisation, using game technology, has open up for new applications of data -transformation, -visualization and -simulation of project information which is less studied in the context of industrialised house-building. This paper tries to address this issue via a combination of game engine technology and the predefined industrialised house-building process. The game engine technology allow development for end -user demands and functionality to express and visualise values for the daily planning and execution of processes. In a case study approach the development and analysis of four building projects were studied and chosen to the range of product platform predefinitions. Based on object structure for different views, models and the related metadata were visualised with an immersive virtual environment prototype. The prototype, based on game engine technology, was developed to manage incoming building projects variations that followed house-building platform predefinitions. As a visualising tool of engineering, on-site planning and production process the game engine technology simulates and visualize views on product structures, production information, assembling and operation instructions by interactive functions in the game environment.
|
|
