| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
- Holmes, Michael V., et al.
(författare)
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Secretory Phospholipase A(2)-IIA and Cardiovascular Disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 62:21, s. 1966-1976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives This study sought to investigate the role of secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2))-IIA in cardiovascular disease. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanBackground Higher circulating levels of sPLA(2)-IIA mass or sPLA(2) enzyme activity have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, it is not clear if this association is causal. A recent phase III clinical trial of an sPLA(2) inhibitor (varespladib) was stopped prematurely for lack of efficacy. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods We conducted a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis of 19 general population studies (8,021 incident, 7,513 prevalent major vascular events [MVE] in 74,683 individuals) and 10 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cohorts (2,520 recurrent MVE in 18,355 individuals) using rs11573156, a variant in PLA2G2A encoding the sPLA(2)-IIA isoenzyme, as an instrumental variable. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults PLA2G2A rs11573156 C allele associated with lower circulating sPLA(2)-IIA mass (38% to 44%) and sPLA(2) enzyme activity (3% to 23%) per C allele. The odds ratio (OR) for MVE per rs11573156 C allele was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98 to 1.06) in general populations and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.03) in ACS cohorts. In the general population studies, the OR derived from the genetic instrumental variable analysis for MVE for a 1-log unit lower sPLA(2)-IIA mass was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.13), and differed from the non-genetic observational estimate (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.79). In the ACS cohorts, both the genetic instrumental variable and observational ORs showed a null association with MVE. Instrumental variable analysis failed to show associations between sPLA2 enzyme activity and MVE. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions Reducing sPLA(2)-IIA mass is unlikely to be a useful therapeutic goal for preventing cardiovascular events.
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| 3. |
- Muñoz, Nubia, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-6/11/16/18 Vaccine on All HPV-Associated Genital Diseases in Young Women.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 102, s. 325-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The impact of the prophylactic vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (HPV6/11/16/18) on all HPV-associated genital disease was investigated in a population that approximates sexually naive women in that they were "negative to 14 HPV types" and in a mixed population of HPV-exposed and -unexposed women (intention-to-treat group). Methods This analysis studied 17 622 women aged 15-26 years who were enrolled in one of two randomized, placebo-controlled, efficacy trials for the HPV6/11/16/18 vaccine (first patient on December 28, 2001, and studies completed July 31, 2007). Vaccine or placebo was given at day 1, month 2, and month 6. All women underwent cervicovaginal sampling and Papanicolaou (Pap) testing at day 1 and every 6-12 months thereafter. Outcomes were any cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; any external anogenital and vaginal lesions; Pap test abnormalities; and procedures such as colposcopy and definitive therapy. Absolute rates are expressed as women with endpoint per 100 person-years at risk. Results The average follow-up was 3.6 years (maximum of 4.9 years). In the population that was negative to 14 HPV types, vaccination was up to 100% effective in reducing the risk of HPV16/18-related high-grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal lesions and of HPV6/11-related genital warts. In the intention-to-treat group, vaccination also statistically significantly reduced the risk of any high-grade cervical lesions (19.0% reduction; rate vaccine = 1.43, rate placebo = 1.76, difference = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13 to 0.54), vulvar and vaginal lesions (50.7% reduction; rate vaccine = 0.10, rate placebo = 0.20, difference = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.16), genital warts (62.0% reduction; rate vaccine = 0.44, rate placebo = 1.17, difference = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.87), Pap abnormalities (11.3% reduction; rate vaccine = 10.36, rate placebo = 11.68, difference = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.74 to 1.90), and cervical definitive therapy (23.0% reduction; rate vaccine = 1.97, rate placebo = 2.56, difference = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.83), irrespective of causal HPV type. Conclusions High-coverage HPV vaccination programs among adolescents and young women may result in a rapid reduction of genital warts, cervical cytological abnormalities, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In the longer term, substantial reductions in the rates of cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers may follow.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Næss, Sigrid, et al.
(författare)
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Refinement of the MHC risk map in a scandinavian primary sclerosing cholangitis population
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) represent the strongest genetic susceptibility factors for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Identifying the causal variants within this genetic complex represents a major challenge due to strong linkage disequilibrium and an overall high physical density of candidate variants. We aimed to refine the MHC association in a geographically restricted PSC patient panel.
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| 6. |
- Portelius, Erik, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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A novel pathway for amyloid precursor protein processing.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-1497 .- 0197-4580. ; 32:6, s. 1090-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid precursor protein (APP) can be proteolytically processed along two pathways, the amyloidogenic that leads to the formation of the 40-42 amino acid long Alzheimer-associated amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide and the non-amyloidogenic in which APP is cut in the middle of the Abeta domain thus precluding Abeta formation. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry we have shown that Abeta is present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as several shorter isoforms in addition to Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42. To address the question by which processing pathways these shorter isoforms arise, we have developed a cell model that accurately reflects the Abeta isoform pattern in CSF. Using this model, we determined changes in the Abeta isoform pattern induced by alpha-, beta-, and gamma-secretase inhibitor treatment. All isoforms longer than and including Abeta1-17 were gamma-secretase dependent whereas shorter isoforms were gamma-secretase independent. These shorter isoforms, including Abeta1-14 and Abeta1-15, were reduced by treatment with alpha- and beta-secretase inhibitors, which suggests the existence of a third and previously unknown APP processing pathway involving concerted cleavages of APP by alpha- and beta-secretase.
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| 7. |
- Anrup, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Centrala universitetsvärden hotas av bolagiseringsidén
- 2013
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Högskolestiftelser. Förslaget att driva svenska universitet i stiftelseform öppnar för bolagisering. Men det är ingen riktig utredning, utan en politisk pamflett utan eftertanke. Privatisering av universitet hotar både oberoendet, forskningskvaliteten och samhällsnyttan, skriver 36 forskare vid svenska högskolor och universitet.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Carlsnaes, Walter, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Editors' Introduction
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Foreign Policy Analysis. - London : Sage Publications. - 9781412921442 ; 3:1, s. 7-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
- Chen, Jingjing, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental demonstration of RF-pilot-based phase noise mitigation for millimeter-wave systems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. - 1550-2252. - 9781479944491 ; , s. Art. no. 6965978-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Millimeter-wave bands are gaining popularity for high data rate wireless communication systems due to the wide available bandwidth. However, oscillator phase noise also increases as the carrier frequency increases. Methods of phase noise mitigation are therefore crucial for future millimeter-wave systems. In this work, we propose to adopt analog phase noise mitigation using an RF-pilot tone, which reduces both phase and frequency impairments of an arbitrary millimeter-wave signal at the expense of reduced spectral efficiency. The method is verified experimentally at carrier frequency of 28 GHz and E-band 73 GHz showing a 20 dB noise reduction up to 100 kHz offset. Since the method relaxes phase noise requirement it is attractive for phase noise sensitive technologies at high carrier frequency, such as OFDM used in LTE. As indicated by the simulation results, the reduced phase noise enables a LTE signal on a millimeter-wave carrier with marginal performance impact.
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| 12. |
- Dillner, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Four year efficacy of prophylactic human papillomavirus quadrivalent vaccine against low grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and anogenital warts: randomised controlled trial.
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMJ: British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138 .- 1468-5833. ; 341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine in preventing low grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasias and anogenital warts (condyloma acuminata). DESIGN: Data from two international, double blind, placebo controlled, randomised efficacy trials of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (protocol 013 (FUTURE I) and protocol 015 (FUTURE II)). The trials were to be 4 years in length, and the results reported are from final study data of 42 months' follow-up. SETTING: Primary care centres and university or hospital associated health centres in 24 countries and territories around the world. PARTICIPANTS: 17 622 women aged 16-26 years enrolled between December 2001 and May 2003. Major exclusion criteria were lifetime number of sexual partners (>4), history of abnormal cervical smear test results, and pregnancy. INTERVENTION: Three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (for serotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18) or placebo at day 1, month 2, and month 6. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vaccine efficacy against cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade I and condyloma in a per protocol susceptible population that included subjects who received all three vaccine doses, tested negative for the relevant vaccine HPV types at day 1 and remained negative through month 7, and had no major protocol violations. Intention to treat, generally HPV naive, and unrestricted susceptible populations were also studied. RESULTS: In the per protocol susceptible population, vaccine efficacy against lesions related to the HPV types in the vaccine was 96% for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (95% confidence interval 91% to 98%), 100% for both vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (95% CIs 74% to 100%, 64% to 100% respectively), and 99% for condyloma (96% to 100%). Vaccine efficacy against any lesion (regardless of HPV type) in the generally naive population was 30% (17% to 41%), 75% (22% to 94%), and 48% (10% to 71%) for cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade I, respectively, and 83% (74% to 89%) for condyloma. CONCLUSIONS: Quadrivalent HPV vaccine provided sustained protection against low grade lesions attributable to vaccine HPV types (6, 11, 16, and 18) and a substantial reduction in the burden of these diseases through 42 months of follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS: NCT00092521 and NCT00092534.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Enqvist, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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A Structuralist Framework for the Logic of Theory Change
- 2011
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Ingår i: Belief revision meets philosophy of science. - 9789048196081
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Belief revision theory and philosophy of science both aspire to shed light on the dynamics of knowledge – on how our view of the world changes (typically) in the light of new evidence. Yet these two areas of research have long seemed strangely detached from each other, as witnessed by the small number of cross-references and researchers working in both domains. One may speculate as to what has brought about this surprising, and perhaps unfortunate, state of affairs. One factor may be that while belief revision theory has traditionally been pursued in a bottom- up manner, focusing on the endeavors of single inquirers, philosophers of science, inspired by logical empiricism, have tended to be more interested in science as a multi-agent or agent-independent phenomenon.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Genot, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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The Best of All PossibleWorlds: Where Interrogative Games Meet Research Agendas
- 2011
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Ingår i: Belief Revision Meets Philosophy of Science. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048196081 - 9789048196098 ; 21, s. 225-252
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Erik J. Olsson and David Westlund have recently argued that the standard belief revision representation of an epistemic state is defective. In order to adequately model an epistemic state one needs, in addition to a belief set (or corpus, or theory, i.e. a set closed under deduction) K and (say) an entrenchment relation E, a research agenda A, i.e. a set of questions satisfying certain corpus-relative preconditions (hence called K-questions) the agent would like to have answers to. Informally, the preconditions guarantee that the set of potential answers represent a partition of possible expansions of K, hence are equivalent to well-behaved sets of alternative hypotheses.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Goldman, Alvin I, et al.
(författare)
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Reliabilism and the Value of Knowledge
- 2012
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Ingår i: Reliabilism and Contemporary Epistemology. - 9780199812875
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Madison, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Akademin är alls inte fri
- 2014
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Ingår i: Uppsala Nya Tidning. - 1104-0173.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 23. |
- Madison, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Feltänkt om akademisk frihet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Uppsala Nya Tidning. - 1104-0173.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ofverholm, I. Ivanov, et al.
(författare)
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PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF IKZF1 DELETIONS IN PEDIATRIC B-CELL PRECURSOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA TREATED ACCORDING TO NOPHO PROTOCOLS - THE SWEDISH EXPERIENCE
- 2014
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 99:Suppl 1, s. 9-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recently, IKZF1 deletions have been shown to be associated notonly with the leukemogenic process but also to confer a poor prognosis in allrisk groups of B-cell precursor ALL. In a previous study, we used Multiplex Ligation-dependentProbe Amplification (MLPA) to investigate the presence ofIKZF1 deletions in bone marrow DNA from 116 children diagnosed with BCPALL in a single center and treated according to NOPHO protocols. Deletionswere detected in 16% of cases; both event free survival and overall survivalwere significantly reduced in the IKZF1-deleted group compared to the groupwith intact IKZF1.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Olsson, Erik J, et al.
(författare)
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Coherentism
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Routledge Companion to Epistemology.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Olsson, Erik J, et al.
(författare)
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Engel vs. Rorty on Truth
- 2014
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Ingår i: Liber Amicorum Pascal Engel.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Olsson, Erik J, et al.
(författare)
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Kinds of Learning and the Likelihood of Future True Beliefs: Reply to Jäger on Reliabilism and the Value Problem
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Theoria: a Swedish Journal of Philosophy. - : Wiley. - 0040-5825. ; 77:3, s. 214-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reply to Christoph Jager's criticism of the conditional probability solution (CPS) to the value problem for reliabilism due to Goldman and Olsson (2009). We argue that while Jager raises some legitimate concerns about the compatibility of CPS with externalist epistemology, his objections do not in the end reduce the plausibility of that solution.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Olsson, Erik J
(författare)
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The Value of Knowledge
- 2011
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Ingår i: Philosophy Compass. - 1747-9991. ; , s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 39. |
- Olsson, Erik J
(författare)
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The Value of Knowledge
- 2013
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Ingår i: Oxford Bibliographies Online.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
- Pradhan, Ajay, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of NF-kappa B Protein Prevents the Transition from Juvenile Ovary to Testis and Promotes Ovarian Development in Zebrafish
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 287:45, s. 37926-37938
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Testis differentiation in zebrafish involves juvenile ovary to testis transformation initiated by an apoptotic wave. The molecular regulation of this transformation process is not fully understood. NF-kappa B is activated at an early stage of development and has been shown to interact with steroidogenic factor-1 in mammals, leading to the suppression of anti-Mullerian hormone (Amh) gene expression. Because steroidogenic factor-1 and Amh are important for proper testis development, NF-kappa B-mediated induction of anti-apoptotic genes could, therefore, also play a role in zebrafish gonad differentiation. The aim of this study was to examine the potential role of NF-kappa B in zebrafish gonad differentiation. Exposure of juvenile zebrafish to heat-killed Escherichia coli activated the NF-kappa B pathways and resulted in an increased ratio of females from 30 to 85%. Microarray and quantitative real-time-PCR analysis of gonads showed elevated expression of NF-kappa B-regulated genes. To confirm the involvement of NF-kappa B-induced anti-apoptotic effects, zebrafish were treated with sodium deoxycholate, a known inducer of NF-kappa B or NF-kappa B activation inhibitor (NAI). Sodium deoxycholate treatment mimicked the effect of heat-killed bacteria and resulted in an increased proportion of females from 25 to 45%, whereas the inhibition of NF-kappa B using NAI resulted in a decrease in females from 45 to 20%. This study provides proof for an essential role of NF-kappa B in gonadal differentiation of zebrafish and represents an important step toward the complete understanding of the complicated process of sex differentiation in this species and possibly other cyprinid teleosts as well.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Schubert, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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On the Coherence of Higher-order Beliefs
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Southern Journal of Philosophy. - : Wiley. - 2041-6962 .- 0038-4283. ; 50:1, s. 112-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedLet us by first-order beliefs mean beliefs about the world, such as the belief that it will rain tomorrow, and by second-order beliefs let us mean beliefs about the reliability of first-order, belief-forming processes. In formal epistemology, coherence has been studied, with much ingenuity and precision, for sets of first-order beliefs. However, to the best of our knowledge, sets including second-order beliefs have not yet received serious attention in that literature. In informal epistemology, by contrast, sets of the latter kind play an important role in some respectable coherence theories of knowledge and justification. In this paper, we extend the formal treatment of coherence to second-order beliefs. Our main conclusion is that while extending the framework to second-order beliefs sheds doubt on the generality of the notorious impossibility results for coherentism, another problem crops up that might be no less damaging to the coherentist project: facts of coherence turn out to be epistemically accessible only to agents who have a good deal of insight into matters external to their own belief states.
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| 44. |
- Sjöberg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Infliximab as rescue therapy in hospitalised patients with steroid-refractory acute ulcerative colitis: a long-term follow-up of 211 Swedish patients
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 38:4, s. 377-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRescue therapy with infliximab (IFX) has been proven effective in a steroid-refractory attack of ulcerative colitis (UC). The long-term efficacy is not well described. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAimTo present a retrospective study of IFX as rescue therapy in UC. Primary end points were colectomy-free survival at 3 and 12months. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethodsIn this multicentre study, 211 adult patients hospitalised between 1999 and 2010 received IFX 5mg/kg as rescue therapy due to a steroid-refractory, moderate-to-severe attack of UC. Exclusion criteria were duration of current flare for andgt;12weeks, corticosteroid treatment for andgt;8weeks before hospitalisation, previous IFX therapy or Crohns disease. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResultsProbability of colectomy-free survival at 3months was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.64-0.77), at 12months 0.64 (95% CI, 0.57-0.70), at 3years 0.59 (95% CI, 0.52-0.66) and at 5years 0.53 (95% CI, 0.44-0.61). Steroid-free, clinical remission was achieved in 105/211 (50%) and 112/209 (54%) patients at 3 and 12months respectively. Of 75 colectomies during the first year, 48 (64%) were carried out during the first 14days, 13 (17%) on days 15-90 and 14 (19%) between 3 and 12months. There were three (1.4%) deaths during the first 3months. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusionsInfliximab is an effective rescue treatment, both short- and long-term, in a steroid-refractory attack of UC. Most IFX failures underwent surgery during the first 14days, which calls for studies on how to optimise induction treatment with IFX. Serious complications, including mortality, were rare.
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| 45. |
- Sörensen, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Akademisk ofrihet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Uppsala Nya Tidning. - 1104-0173.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 46. |
- Sörensen, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Aningslöst om SLU-tvång
- 2014
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Ingår i: Uppsala Nya Tidning. - 1104-0173.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Vallinder, Aron, et al.
(författare)
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Do computer simulations support the Argument from Disagreement?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Synthese. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0039-7857 .- 1573-0964. ; 190:8, s. 1437-1454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the Argument from Disagreement (AD) widespread and persistent disagreement on ethical issues indicates that our moral opinions are not influenced by moral facts, either because there are no such facts or because there are such facts but they fail to influence our moral opinions. In an innovative paper, Gustafsson and Peterson (Synthese, published online 16 October, 2010) study the argument by means of computer simulation of opinion dynamics, relying on the well-known model of Hegselmann and Krause (J Artif Soc Soc Simul 5(3):1-33, 2002; J Artif Soc Soc Simul 9(3):1-28, 2006). Their simulations indicate that if our moral opinions were influenced at least slightly by moral facts, we would quickly have reached consensus, even if our moral opinions were also affected by additional factors such as false authorities, external political shifts and random processes. Gustafsson and Peterson conclude that since no such consensus has been reached in real life, the simulation gives us increased reason to take seriously the AD. Our main claim in this paper is that these results are not as robust as Gustafsson and Peterson seem to think they are. If we run similar simulations in the alternative Laputa simulation environment developed by Angere and Olsson (Angere, Synthese, forthcoming and Olsson, Episteme 8(2):127-143, 2011) considerably less support for the AD is forthcoming.
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| 49. |
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