| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Cerullo, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
-
The Synthetic Potential of Fungal Feruloyl Esterases: A Correlation with Current Classification Systems and Predicted Structural Properties
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Catalysts. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4344. ; 8:242
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-eight fungal feruloyl esterases (FAEs) were evaluated for their synthetic abilities in a ternary system of n-hexane: t-butanol: 100 mM MOPS-NaOH pH 6.0 forming detergentless microemulsions. Five main derivatives were synthesized, namely prenyl ferulate, prenyl caffeate, butyl ferulate, glyceryl ferulate, and l-arabinose ferulate, offering, in general, higher yields when more hydrophilic alcohol substitutions were used. Acetyl xylan esterase-related FAEs belonging to phylogenetic subfamilies (SF) 5 and 6 showed increased synthetic yields among tested enzymes. In particular, it was shown that FAEs belonging to SF6 generally transesterified aliphatic alcohols more efficiently while SF5 members preferred bulkier l-arabinose. Predicted surface properties and structural characteristics were correlated with the synthetic potential of selected tannase-related, acetyl-xylan-related, and lipase-related FAEs (SF1-2, -6, -7 members) based on homology modeling and small molecular docking simulations.
|
|
| 3. |
-
Hus mot himlen - Hållbar hybris?
- 2018
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Höghus och skyskrapor väcker ofta mer debatt än andra byggnader. Varför? Hur välgrundat kan höghusen tillskrivas vissa egenskaper och negativ eller positiv påverkan på omgivningen? Hur mycket handlar det snarare om känslor och estetiska eller politiska ställningstaganden? I antologin Hus mot himlen – Hållbar hybris? skildras höghus och byggandet av dem utifrån vitt skilda perspektiv. I sexton kapitel belyser en bred skara forskare och praktiker höghusen som fenomen och ingrediens i stadsmiljön utifrån arkitektoniska, naturvetenskapliga och ingenjörsmässiga perspektiv, i planeringsprocesser och i diskussioner i media. Några artiklar är spekulativa och inspirerade av film och virtuella världar medan andra sätter höghusbyggandet i relation till dagens samhälle. Det är framför allt svenska exempel på höghusprojekt som beskrivs, även om många internationella utblickar presenteras.
|
|
| 4. |
- Jäderkvist Fegraeus, Kim, et al.
(författare)
-
Lack of significant associations with early career performance suggest no link between the DMRT3 "Gait Keeper" mutation and precocity in Coldblooded trotters
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish-Norwegian Coldblooded trotter (CBT) is a local breed in Sweden and Norway mainly used for harness racing. Previous studies have shown that a mutation from cytosine (C) to adenine (A) in the doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3) gene has a major impact on harness racing performance of different breeds. An association of the DMRT3 mutation with early career performance has also been suggested. The aim of the current study was to investigate this proposed association in a randomly selected group of CBTs. 769 CBTs (485 raced, 284 unraced) were genotyped for the DMRT3 mutation. The association with racing performance was investigated for 13 performance traits and three different age intervals: 3 years, 3 to 6 years, and 7 to 10 years of age, using the statistical software R. Each performance trait was analyzed for association with DMRT3 using linear models. The results suggest no association of the DMRT3 mutation with precocity (i.e. performance at 3 years of age). Only two traits (race time and number of disqualifications) were significantly different between the genotypes, with AA horses having the fastest times and CC horses having the highest number of disqualifications at 3 years of age. The frequency of the AA genotype was significantly lower in the raced CBT sample compared with the unraced sample and less than 50% of the AA horses participated in a race. For the age intervals 3 to 6 and 7 to 10 years the AA horses also failed to demonstrate significantly better performance than the other genotypes. Although suggested as the most favorable genotype for racing performance in Standardbreds and Finnhorses across all ages, the AA genotype does not appear to be associated with superior performance, early or late, in the racing career of CBTs.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ljungström, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
-
Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) phenology in a warming world
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Bmc Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Present-day climate change has altered the phenology (the timing of periodic life cycle events) of many plant and animal populations worldwide. Some of these changes have been adaptive, leading to an increase in population fitness, whereas others have been associated with fitness decline. Representing short-term responses to an altered weather regime, hitherto observed changes are largely explained by phenotypic plasticity. However, to track climatically induced shifts in optimal phenotype as climate change proceeds, evolutionary capacity in key limiting climate-and fitness-related traits is likely to be crucial. In order to produce realistic predictions about the effects of climate change on species and populations, a main target for conservation biologists is thus to assess the potential of natural populations to respond by these two mechanisms. In this study we use a large 15-year dataset on an ectotherm model, the Swedish sand lizard (Lacerta agilis), to investigate how higher spring temperature is likely to affect oviposition timing in a high latitude population, a trait strongly linked to offspring fitness and survival. Results: With an interest in both the short-and potential long-term effect of rising temperatures, we applied a random regression model, which yields estimates of population-level plasticity and among-individual variation in the average, as well as the plastic, response to temperature. Population plasticity represents capacity for short-term adjustments whereas variation among individuals in a fitness-related trait indicates an opportunity for natural selection and hence for evolutionary adaptation. The analysis revealed both population-level plasticity and individual-level variation in average laying date. In contrast, we found no evidence for variation among females in their plastic responses to spring temperature, which could demonstrate a similarity in responses amongst females, but may also be due to a lack of statistical power to detect such an effect. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that climate warming may have positive fitness effects in this lizard population through an advancement of oviposition date. This prediction is consistent over shorter and potentially also longer time scales as the analysis revealed both population-level plasticity and individual-level variation in average laying date. However, the genetic basis for this variation would have to be examined in order to predict an evolutionary response.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ljungström, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
-
Selection and constraints on offspring size-number trade-offs in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 29:5, s. 979-990
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The trade-off between offspring size and number is a central component of life-history theory, postulating that larger investment into offspring size inevitably decreases offspring number. This trade-off is generally discussed in terms of genetic, physiological or morphological constraints; however, as among-individual differences can mask individual trade-offs, the underlying mechanisms may be difficult to reveal. In this study, we use multivariate analyses to investigate whether there is a trade-off between offspring size and number in a population of sand lizards by separating among- and within-individual patterns using a 15-year data set collected in the wild. We also explore the ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of this trade-off by investigating how a female's resource (condition)- vs. age-related size (snout-vent length) influences her investment into offspring size vs. number (OSN), whether these traits are heritable and under selection and whether the OSN trade-off has a genetic component. We found a negative correlation between offspring size and number within individual females and physical constraints (size of body cavity) appear to limit the number of eggs that a female can produce. This suggests that the OSN trade-off occurs due to resource constraints as a female continues to grow throughout life and, thus, produces larger clutches. In contrast to the assumptions of classic OSN theory, we did not detect selection on offspring size; however, there was directional selection for larger clutch sizes. The repeatabilities of both offspring size and number were low and we did not detect any additive genetic variance in either trait. This could be due to strong selection (past or current) on these life-history traits, or to insufficient statistical power to detect significant additive genetic effects. Overall, the findings of this study are an important illustration of how analyses of within-individual patterns can reveal trade-offs and their underlying causes, with potential evolutionary and ecological consequences that are otherwise hidden by among-individual variation.
|
|
| 7. |
- Olsson, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
-
A Multilevel Study on Ethnic and Socioeconomic School Stratification and Health-Related Behaviors Among Students in Stockholm
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of School Health. - : Wiley. - 0022-4391 .- 1746-1561. ; 85:12, s. 871-879
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDThis study examines the extent to which high alcohol consumption, drug use, and delinquency vary between schools with different socioeconomic characteristics, over and above the pupil's own sociodemographic background.METHODSAnalyses are based on data on 5484 ninth-grade students distributed over 93 schools in Stockholm, from the 2010 Stockholm School Survey. School-level information was retrieved from the Swedish National Agency for Education. School disadvantage was determined by combining information on the level of education among parents and the share of pupils with a nonnative background, 2 aspects that have been shown to be central to school segregation in Sweden.RESULTSResults indicate significant school-to-school differences in relation to all outcomes. The risk for high alcohol consumption and drug use is greater in more advantaged school settings, adjusting for individual characteristics, whereas the opposite is true in relation to criminal behavior. The school's level of collective efficacy also seems to play an important, albeit not mediating, role.CONCLUSIONSRegardless of an adolescent's own background, the risk of having adverse health behaviors is higher at certain schools compared to others. However, school socioeconomic factors do not influence health behaviors consistently; instead, it seems as if the association varies depending on the behavior under study.
|
|
| 8. |
- Olsson, Gabriella, 1971-
(författare)
-
Expressions of context : Studies of schools, families, and health risk behaviours
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the health behaviours of young people. The main focus is on risk behaviours, i.e. those which may have adverse consequences for health. Two fields of interest are looked at. On the one hand, the thesis explores social determinants of such behaviours, with particular focus on the influence of schools’ structural and social environment on health risk behaviours among youth. On the other hand, the thesis addresses the role of such behaviours in the relationship between childhood social inequalities and adult health. In terms of theory, the study sets out from Coleman's view of the association between structure and agency and the assumption that macro level structures and patterns can be understood on the basis of individual actors’ actions. The thesis consists of four studies addressing different, but related, aspects of the above areas of interest. The overall conclusion of studies I-III is that the school context has direct and indirect effects on young people's risk behaviours. The results of multilevel analyses indicate, more specifically, that students who attend more advantaged schools report more risk behaviours such as smoking, alcohol- and drug use than students at more disadvantaged schools. Self-reported crime is however higher in the more disadvantaged school settings. Further analyses show that a school's social and normative climate also is important for the extent to which youth consume alcohol, smoke, or have used drugs. These risk behaviours are most prevalent in schools where a large proportion of the parents have a more permissive attitude towards alcohol and smoking, and where teacher-rated levels of trust and informal social control (collective efficacy) are high. The results show, further, that school contexts also act indirectly on youth risk behaviours. Young people who reports weak bonds with their parents tend generally to be more involved in risk behaviours than those who report strong bonds. This tendency is reinforced in more advantaged school settings. Finally, Study IV demonstrates that youth risk behaviours act accumulatively and indirectly on later health, rather than directly. Moreover, the importance of risk behaviours for later health varies between the birth cohorts. Health behaviours explain a larger part of the relationship between socioeconomic conditions in childhood and health as an adult in the younger cohort.
|
|
| 9. |
- Olsson, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
-
Family Composition and Youth Health Risk Behaviors : the Role of Patental Relation and the School Context
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Child Indicators Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-897X .- 1874-8988. ; 10:2, s. 403-421
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children not residing with both parents have been shown to be more at risk of negative developmental outcomes than children residing in two-parent families. Few studies have explored how other central contexts may interact with family characteristics to hinder or facilitate youth adjustment. This study examines how aspects of family structure and family processes are associated with youth health risk behaviors and interact with the structural characteristics of schools. The analyses are based on data from the Stockholm School Survey and consist of 5 002 ninth-grade students distributed over 92 schools in the Stockholm area in 2010. School information has been gathered from the Swedish National Agency for Education. Random intercept and fully random models have been used. Results show that adolescents not living with both their parents are more involved in health risk behaviors than adolescents that do. Poor parent–child relations accounts for more of the disadvantage associated with non-traditional family structures than differences in socioeconomic background. Results further suggest that health risk behaviors are more prevalent in more advantaged school settings, net the effect of individual background characteristics. Moreover, advantage school settings are found to accentuate the detrimental effects of poor parent–child relations on health risk behaviors. In conclusion, the study suggests that the effect of family type and family processes on youth behavior is susceptible to contextual effects of the school environment and that more advantage school settings have detrimental direct and indirect effects on youth health risk behaviors.
|
|
| 10. |
- Olsson, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
-
Problematic familial alcohol use and adolescents’ heavy drinking : can conditions in school compensate for the increased risk of heavy drinking among adolescents from families with problematic alcohol use?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0267-3843 .- 2164-4527. ; 24:3, s. 307-318
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study is to assess the association between problematic alcohol consumption in the family and youth alcohol consumption and to explore the extent to which this association is moderated by conditions in school in terms of schools’ degree of student focus. We use data from the Stockholm School Survey performed among 10,757 ninth grade students and the Stockholm Teacher Survey performed among 2,304 teachers in the same schools. Multilevel logistic regressions were performed. The results showed that problematic alcohol consumption in the family was associated with a higher likelihood of heavy drinking among adolescents. The association was weaker in schools with a strong student focus, indicating a compensatory effect of conditions in school.
|
|
| 11. |
- Olsson, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
-
School Collective Efficacy and Bullying Behaviour : A Multilevel Study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 14:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As with other forms of violent behaviour, bullying is the result of multiple influences acting on different societal levels. Yet the majority of studies on bullying focus primarily on the characteristics of individual bullies and bullied. Fewer studies have explored how the characteristics of central contexts in young people's lives are related to bullying behaviour over and above the influence of individual-level characteristics. This study explores how teacher-rated school collective efficacy is related to student-reported bullying behaviour (traditional and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration). A central focus is to explore if school collective efficacy is related similarly to both traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Analyses are based on combined information from two independent data collections conducted in 2016 among 11th grade students (n = 6067) and teachers (n = 1251) in 58 upper secondary schools in Stockholm. The statistical method used is multilevel modelling, estimating two-level binary logistic regression models. The results demonstrate statistically significant between-school differences in all outcomes, except traditional bullying perpetration. Strong school collective efficacy is related to less traditional bullying perpetration and less cyberbullying victimization and perpetration, indicating that collective norm regulation and school social cohesion may contribute to reducing the occurrence of bullying.
|
|
| 12. |
- Sandstig, Gabriella, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of genre and network conflict in directing place representations on the online travel guide, Wikitravel.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International conference “Geomedia 2017: Spaces of the In-between”. Karlstad, Sweden: 9-12 May.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The underlying puzzle is to understand why social stigmas of places persist even when social risks no longer exists. The media coverage hypothesis states that risk perception among citizens of any country is largely determined by the media information policy in that country (Nyland 1993). It has also been claimed that digital media technologies provide standardized patterns of media production and that standards prioritize certain voices (Kennedy & Moss 2015). The broader aim in this paper is therefore, through the case of tourism risk perception, to understand under what conditions, in terms of policy standards that representations of places are negotiated and contested in a wiki-context. Four core Wikitravel policies were analysed in a framework of network conflicts (Castells 2000), ‘wiki values’ (Jankowski 2013) and synthesized ‘travel guide values’. The results are that both categories of values can be traced in the policies, and that there are cases when tension between the two groups of values can be traced. The representation of travel guide values such as ‘selection’, ‘textual economy’ and ‘nationalism’ are prone to set limits for the wiki values of ‘self-identification’ and ‘co-construction’. The conclusion should not be interpreted such that the wiki values are made to be irrelevant, but they however are forced to work within the given framework of the travel guide. In other words, the conflict is reconciled through the realisation of the travel guide genre being described. The implications are that the ability of editors to influence the open-endedness of place representations is limited.
|
|
| 13. |
- Siesjö, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Inledning
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Hus mot himlen. Hållbar hybris? Olshammar, G., Olsson, K. och Siesjö, B. (red.). - Malmö : Arena. - 9789178435210
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
