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| 3. |
- Angelstam, Per, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Two-dimensional gap analysis : a tool for efficient conservation planning and biodiversity policy implementation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 32:8, s. 527-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maintenance of biodiversity by securing representative and well-connected habitat networks in managed landscapes requires a wise combination of protection, management, and restoration of habitats at several scales. We suggest that the integration of natural and social sciences in the form of "Two-dimensional gap analysis" is an efficient tool for the implementation of biodiversity policies. The tool links biologically relevant "horizontal" ecological issues with "vertical" issues related to institutions and other societal issues. Using forest biodiversity as an example, we illustrate how one can combine ecological and institutional aspects of biodiversity conservation, thus facilitating environmentally sustainable regional development. In particular, we use regional gap analysis for identification of focal forest types, habitat modelling for ascertaining the functional connectivity of "green infrastructures", as tools for the horizontal gap analysis. For the vertical dimension we suggest how the social sciences can be used for assessing the success in the implementation of biodiversity policies in real landscapes by identifying institutional obstacles while implementing policies. We argue that this interdisciplinary approach could be applied in a whole range of other environments including other terrestrial biota and aquatic ecosystems where functional habitat connectivity, nonlinear response to habitat loss and a multitude of economic and social interests co-occur in the same landscape.
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| 4. |
- Hallström, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Sjuksköterskans roll i smärtbehandling
- 2001
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Ingår i: Smärta hos barn och ungdomar. - 9789144014890 ; , s. 90-90
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Iversen, Aina, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for transmission between humans and the environment of a nosocomial strain of Enterococcus faecium.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Environ Microbiol. - : Wiley. - 1462-2912. ; 6:1, s. 55-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An ampicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (ARE) strain, named FMSE1, with a characteristic biochemical phenotype, was in a recent study found to dominate among faecal ARE isolates from patients in several Swedish hospitals. In the present study, the prevalence of this strain among 9676 enterococcal isolates from healthy children, hospital sewage, urban sewage, surface water, slaughtered animals (broilers, pigs and cattle) and pig faeces and manure was investigated. Enterococcal isolates having the same biochemical phenotype as the FMSE1 were most common in samples of hospital sewage (50%), surface water (35%), treated sewage (28%) and untreated sewage (17%), but rare in samples from healthy children (0.8%) and animals (2%). PFGE typing of FMSE1-like isolates from hospital sewage indicated that they were closely related to the nosocomial FMSE1 strain. Thus, this study indicated a possible transmission route for nosocomial E. faecium from patients in hospitals to hospital sewage and urban sewage, and further via treatment plants to surface water and possibly back to humans. This proposed route of circulation of drug-resistant enterococci might be further amplified by antibiotic usage in human medicine. In contrast, such transmission from food animals seems to play a negligible role in Sweden.
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- Jakobsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Rehabilitering i Samverkan En process- och registerstudie av Betagruppens arbete i Kungsbacka kommun
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med föreliggande rapport är att undersöka den fortsatta utvecklingen av arbetsmetoden; systematiserade flerpartssamtal och att studera effekterna av rehabiliteringsarbetet i Betagruppen. Den föregående utvärderingen av Betaprojektet hade en före- och efterdesign och det var inte så lätt att ställa resultaten av utvärderingen i relation till mera �konventionell� handläggning av rehabiliteringsärenden. För att få en uppfattning om effekterna av Betas arbetssätt jämförs i denna studie Betas arbetssätt med effekter av att arbeta mera �konventionellt�. I studien matchas Betagruppen med individer från andra kommuner i närområdet som har en liknande struktur som Kungsbacka kommun. Dessutom görs också en jämförelse med en riksgrupp. För att få fram effekter av de båda arbetssätten används registerstudier och för att få fram kunskaper om Betagruppens utveckling av samverkan mellan rehabiliteringsaktörerna och eventuella förändringar används gruppintervjuer och enkät.
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- Linden, A, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring of cadmium in the chain from soil via crops and feed to pig blood and kidney
- 2003
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - 0147-6513. ; 55:2, s. 213-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationships between cadmium (Cd) levels in soil, feed crops, feed concentrate, pig feed mixture, water, pig blood, and kidney from 49 farms were investigated and the possibility to use pig kidney as a bioindicator of available Cd in the agricultural environment was evaluated. There were correlations between Cd levels in soil and wheat, between wheat and barley, and between feed and kidney. The accumulation ratio between Cd levels in feed and kidney was on average 3. Animals from the same farm, raised in the same environment, given the same feed, and slaughtered at the same age had Cd levels in kidney and blood that could differ several times. This great variation, together with a considerable Cd contribution from nonlocally produced feed ingredients (concentrates). limits the possibilities to use Cd in pig kidney as an indicator of the available Cd in the local environment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Olsson, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium in blood and urine - Impact of sex, age, dietary intake, iron status, and former smoking - Association of renal effects
- 2002
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924. ; 110:12, s. 1185-1190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied determinants of cadmium status and kidney function in nonsmoking men and women living on farms in southern Sweden. Median blood Cd (BCd) was 1.8 nmol/L (range, 0.38-18) and median urinary Cd (UCd) was 0.23 nmol/mmol creatinine (range, 0.065-0.99). The intake of Cd per kilogram body weight did not significantly differ between sexes and did not correlate with BCd or UCd, which may be explained by a low and varying bioavailibility of Cd from food items. However, when a subgroup of the study population, couples of never-smoking men and women, were compared, a lower intake per kilogram body weight was found in the women, but the women had a 1.8 times higher BCd and a 1.4 times higher UCd. The higher female BCd and UCd may be explained by higher absorption due to low iron status. BCd and UCd both increased with age and were higher in the ex-smokers, who had stopped smoking more than 5 years before the study, compared to never-smokers. The contribution of locally produced food to the total Cd intake was relatively low and varied. Males living in areas with low soil Cd had lower UCd than the others. However, Cd levels in kidneys from pigs, fed locally produced cereals, did not predict BCd or UCd in humans at the same farms. The kidney function parameter beta(2)-microglobulin-creatinine clearance was related to UCd, whereas urinary protein-HC, N-acetyl-beta-glucoseaminidase or albumin-creatinine clearance was not when age was accounted for. Hence, even. at the, low exposure levels in this study population, there was an indication of effect on biochemical markers of renal function.
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| 12. |
- Olsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Taktil massage vid stroke och livskvalitet
- 2004
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Ingår i: Vård i Norden. ; 24:2, s. 21-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stroke is the third largest cause of death in Sweden. A major aim of rehabilitation is that persons who have had a stroke should be able, despite reduction of functional abilities, to experience a good life satisfaction. In addition to traditional methods of rehabilitation, various complementary methods are being tested, including massage.Aim: To investigate the importance of tactile massage for recovery and well being of stroke patients.Method: A randomised controlled study carried out at a Swedish geriatric clinic, 1998-1999. A total of 35 patients diagnosed with a brain infarction were included, of those 5 were excluded in the first two weeks. Eighteen received tactile massage while 17 formed a control group. The patient’s ADL functions and quality of life according to the Nottingham Health Profile were measured. Medication for pain, lack of sleep, depression, and anxiety were registered up until four weeks after their discharge.Results: The patients who received tactile massage experienced significantly higher quality of life and improved their ADL functions compared with the control group. The massage group made clear progress in terms of incontinence, movement mobility, and hygiene while the control group improved marginally. The massage group used less medication, in particular for the relieve of pain and depressionKey words: stroke, tactile massage, quality of life, ADL
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| 14. |
- Rönnbäck, Britt-Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of environmental monitoring strategies
- 2003
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Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 32:8, s. 495-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In environmental monitoring, it is important that the monitoring system should emit early warnings when undesired events occur. These events may be sudden or of a more subtle nature. In the design of such monitoring systems, a proper balance between cost and risk must be achieved. There are 2 classic types of risk connected with early warning systems, namely the risk of not detecting significant changes and the risk of false alarms. The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for comparing the performance of different monitoring systems, considering the classic types of risk and cost. The method is applied to the monitoring of the lichen cover as a test case. The expected utility has been used as a measure of performance. When estimating the probabilities of the events, spatial microsimulation and Monte-Carlo simulation techniques have been used. The monitoring programs studied are based on satellite images, aerial photos, field samples, and land-cover maps. The major conclusions of this study are that standardized quality measures are extremely useful for evaluating the usability of environmental monitoring methods. In addition, when estimating gains and costs, spatial microsimulation techniques are useful. To improve the method, however, macroconstraints should also be used for aligning the simulation model.
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| 15. |
- Stecksén-Blicks, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of xylitol on mutans streptococci and lactic acid formation in saliva and plaque from adolescents and young adults with fixed orthodontic appliances
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 112:3, s. 244-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate two dose regimens of xylitol-containing tablets on the ecology of dental plaque and saliva during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. The study group comprised 56 healthy patients (mean age 15.8 yr) randomly assigned into the following groups: A, (n = 23) two xylitol tablets two times a day (1.7 g xylitol d(-1)) for 18 wk; B, (n = 23) two tablets four times per day (3.4 g xylitol d(-1)) for 18 wk; and C, (n = 10) no tablets. The levels of mutans streptococci (ms) were enumerated in plaque and saliva and the proportion of xylitol-sensitive (X(S)) strains in saliva was determined by autoradiography with [(14)C]-xylitol at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 wk. The lactic acid formation rate was assessed enzymatically in sucrose-challenged plaque suspensions. A drop in salivary ms levels was found in Group A after 6 wk but not after 12 or 18 wk. The proportion of X(S) ms was decreased after 6 wk in groups A and B and remained so during the experimental period. The lactic acid formation rates decreased slightly ( approximately 10%) in the two xylitol groups compared with baseline. In conclusion, our results showed that although an alteration of ms strains was demonstrated following a regular daily low-dose intake of xylitol, the long-term total ms counts in plaque and saliva as well as plaque acidogenicity remained unchanged.
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| 16. |
- Åberg, Anders E, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive factors of developing diabetes mellitus in women with gestational diabetes.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 81:1, s. 11-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To investigate which factors during gestational diabetes pregnancies correlate with the risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes 1 year postpartum and to compare this risk in women with gestational diabetes and women with a normal oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy. METHODS: Of 315 women with gestational diabetes, defined as a 2-hr blood glucose value of at least 9.0 mmol/l at a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, who delivered in Lund 1991-99, 229 (73%) performed a new test 1 year postpartum. We compared maternal and fetal factors during pregnancy with the test value at follow up. A control group of 153 women with a 2-hr test value below 7.8 mmol/l during pregnancy were invited to a new test 1 year postpartum and 60 (39%) accepted. RESULTS: At 1 year follow up, 31% of the women with gestational diabetes but only one of the 60 controls showed pathologic glucose tolerance and one had developed diabetes. The following factors in women with gestational diabetes were identified as predicting impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes at 1 year follow up: maternal age over 40 and--in a multiple regression analysis, independent of each other--a high 2-hr value at oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy and insulin treatment during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The risk of developing manifest diabetes after gestational diabetes may be high enough to justify a general screening or diagnostic procedure in all pregnant women to identify women with gestational diabetes and a postpartum follow up program for them. This study did not identify any particular factor during pregnancy with enough precision to predict a later progression to diabetes.
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