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| 8. |
- BLOMGREN, J, et al.
(författare)
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SEARCH FOR DOUBLE GAMOW-TELLER STRENGTH BY HEAVY-ION DOUBLE-CHARGE-EXCHANGE
- 1995
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Ingår i: PHYSICS LETTERS B. - 0370-2693. ; 362:1-4, s. 34-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have carried out a search for double Gamow-Teller excitations, employing the Mg-24(O-18,Ne-18)Ne-24 reaction at 100 and 76 MeV/nucleon at NSCL-MSU and GANIL, respectively, The cross sections for low-lying excitations are typically a few nb/sr, providin
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| 9. |
- Olsson, P., et al.
(författare)
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Uptake, toxicity and radiation effects of the boron compounds DAAC-1 and DAC-1 in cultured human glioma cells
- 1998
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 73:1, s. 103-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study the uptake, toxicity and radiation effects in vitro of a diol-amino acid-carborane (DAAC-1) and make comparisons with the previously studied diol-amine-carborane (DAC-1). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Toxicity and radiation effects were studied with clonogenic survival, uptake by measuring the cellular boron content and the subcellular distribution was investigated after organelle separation with centrifugation. The studied cell line was human glioma U343. RESULTS: DAAC-1 showed an accumulation of 1-1.5 times, compared with the culture medium, and was non-toxic up to 47 microg boron/ml. The accumulation of DAC-1 was about 90 times, but toxic effects were detectable already at the concentration 5 microg boron/ml. None of the compounds was localized in the cell nucleus. Following irradiation with thermal neutrons, DAC-1 was about 2.5 times more effective than DAAC-1 and about 4.9 times more effective than neutrons alone, at the survival level 0.2. The dose modifying factors, when compared with the neutron beam alone, were for both DAAC-1 and DAC-1 about 1.5 and about 5 when compared with 60Co-gamma-radiation. CONCLUSIONS: DAAC-1 was less toxic than DAC-1 but gave less accumulation of boron. Both substances gave significant boron-dependent cell inactivation when the test cells were exposed to thermal neutrons.
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| 10. |
- Wagner, W, et al.
(författare)
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Europe ambivalent on biotechnology
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nature. - London : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 387, s. 845-847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Eurobarometer on Biotechnology (46.1) was conducted during October and November 1996. The survey conducted in each EU (European Union) country used a multi-stage random sampling procedure and provided a statistically representative sample of national residents aged 15 and over. The total sample within the EU was 16,246 respondents (about 1,000 per EU country). The survey questionnaire was designed by the authors as part of a larger study involving the comparative analysis of public perceptions, media coverage and public policy in relation to biotechnology from 1973 to the present.
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| 13. |
- Lernmark, Å, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneity of islet pathology in two infants with recent onset diabetes mellitus
- 1995
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Ingår i: Virchows Archiv. - 0945-6317. ; 425:6, s. 631-640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms by which the beta cells of pancreatic islets are destroyed in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are poorly understood. In this report the pancreatic histo- and immunopathology of two children, both HLA-DR 3/4, DQ 2/8 positive and who both died from cerebral oedema within a day of clinical diagnosis of IDDM, were investigated. Patient 1, a 14-month-old girl, had a 4-week history of polydipsia and polyuria. Patient 2, a 3-year-old boy, had 2 days of illness. Both patients had a similarly severe loss of insulin cells but differed markedly as to the extent of lymphocytic islet infiltration (insulitis). Apart from insulitis, marked islet macrophage infiltration was demonstrated in both patients with the HAM-56 monoclonal antibody. Neither patient showed aberrant expression of HLA class II antigens on insulin-immunoreactive cells, but allele-specific HLA-DQ8 expression was evident on endothelial cells. Glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity was detected in both insulin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells. It is concluded that the heterogeneity of islet pathology, especially insulitis, may reflect different dynamics and extent rather than different pathomechanisms of immune destruction of islets in IDDM.
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- Varekamp, P R, et al.
(författare)
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Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of the 1x1 ordered overlayers on iodine-saturated GaAs(001) and InAs(001)
- 1996
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 352, s. 387-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angle-resolved valence band photoelectron spectra are collected from 1 X 1 ordered overlayers on I-2-saturated GaAs(001)-4 x 1, -c(2 X 8), and InAs(001)-c(8 x 2). A high-intensity dispersive surface state, located approximately 4.4 eV below the valence band maximum, is observed in each case. The state passes through an open lens in the projected bulk density of states and disperses symmetrically around the surface Brillouin zone edge. For all surfaces studied, the state is stronger when excited with the electric field polarized in the [110], as compared to the <(1)over bar 10>], azimuth. Since the state is independent of the termination of the initial surface, and since iodine bonds primarily to the outermost element, the state must result from delocalization of the electron states in the overlayer, and is not related to bonding with the substrate.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Andersson, C B M, et al.
(författare)
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Surface atomic structure of InAs((111)over-bar)2x2 and InSb((111)over-bar)2x2 studied by core level spectroscopy
- 1996
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 347:1-2, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface sensitive high resolution core level spectroscopy has been applied to the molecular beam epitaxy grown InAs((111) over bar)2 x 2 and InSb((111) over bar)2 x 2 surfaces. For both systems the In 4d core level consists of one dominating component while the Group V core levels are deconvoluted into four components. This analysis is consistent with a surface model where the topmost layer consists entirely of arsenic or antimony. In this model, Group V atoms form trimers bound to Group V atoms in the first double layer, leaving a single Group V rest atom per unit cell.
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| 21. |
- Batenkov, O, et al.
(författare)
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High-precision spectrometer for studies of ion-induced and spontaneous fission dynamics
- 1997
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-9002. ; 394:1-2, s. 235-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A spectrometer has been designed and built to investigate the dynamics of spontaneous and ion-induced fission processes. It consists of 8 neutron detectors surrounding a low mass scattering chamber containing the fussionable targets and two fission fragme
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| 22. |
- Ellström, M, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of tissue trauma after laparoscopic and abdominal hysterectomy: measurements of neutrophil activation and release of interleukin-6, cortisol, and C-reactive protein.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. - 1072-7515. ; 182:5, s. 423-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Trauma and major surgery stimulate a cascade of events that mediate the inflammatory response. The aim of our study was to determine whether or not hysterectomy leads to release of cytokines, cortisol, and C-reactive protein (CRP), activation of neutrophils, and activation of the complement cascade. A further aim was to compare laparoscopic and abdominal hysterectomy with regard to the same parameters. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-four consecutive patients were randomized to either abdominal (n = 12) or laparoscopic hysterectomy (n = 12). Blood samples were drawn preoperatively, intraoperatively, and then at one minute, 24 hours, and seven days postoperatively. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were used to evaluate cytokine release, cortisol and CRP to evaluate the inflammatory response, and polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase to detect neutrophil activation. To evaluate complement activation, the terminal C5b-9 complement complex (TCC) was determined. RESULTS: Interleukin-6 concentrations were significantly elevated one minute and 24 hours postoperatively in both groups. Independent of the surgical technique or operative time, the highest IL-6 concentration was reached four hours after beginning the operation. Cortisol levels were significantly elevated during and after the operation in both groups. C-reactive peptide levels were significantly elevated in both groups 24 hours and seven days after the operation. Polymorphonuclear elastase was elevated 24 hours postoperatively in both groups. There were no signs of complement activation during the operative period or postoperatively in either patient group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate serious tissue trauma during both laparoscopic and abdominal hysterectomy. The extent of surgical trauma did not differ between the two operative methods.
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| 25. |
- Hakansson, M C, et al.
(författare)
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The electronic structure of In- and As-terminated InAs(001) surfaces
- 1997
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 374:1-3, s. 73-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The InAs(001) 2 x 4 and 4 x 2 surfaces have been investigated by angle-resolved photoemission. The X(3) and X(5) points were found to be located 6.0 and 2.7 eV below the valence band maximum, respectively, and the dispersion of bulk bands along the Gamma-X direction in the bulk Brillouin zone were well described by a theoretical calculation. From angle-resolved valence band spectra measured along the high symmetry directions [110] and [1(1) over bar0$], three surface induced stares were identified on both the InAs(001)4 x 2 and the InAs(001)2 x 4 surface. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 29. |
- Modig, C, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of betaIII- and betaIV-tubulin isotypes in cold-adapted microtubules from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): antibody mapping and cDNA sequencing.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Cell motility and the cytoskeleton. - 0886-1544. ; 42:4, s. 315-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isolated microtubule proteins from the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) assemble at temperatures between 8 and 30 degrees C. The cold-adaptation is an intrinsic property of the tubulin molecules, but the reason for it is unknown. To increase our knowledge of tubulin diversity and its role in cold-adaptation we have further characterized cod tubulins using alpha- and beta-tubulin site-directed antibodies and antibodies towards posttranslationally modified tubulin. In addition, one cod brain beta-tubulin isotype has been sequenced. In mammals there are five beta-tubulins (betaI, betaII, betaIII, betaIVa and betaIVb) expressed in brain. A cod betaIII-tubulin was identified by its electrophoretic mobility after reduction and carboxymethylation. The betaIII-like tubulin accounted for more than 30% of total brain beta-tubulins, the highest yield yet observed in any animal. This tubulin corresponds most probably with an additional band, designated beta(x), which was found between alpha- and beta-tubulins on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. It was found to be phosphorylated and neurospecific, and constituted about 30% of total cod beta-tubulin isoforms. The sequenced cod tubulin was identified as a betaIV-tubulin, and a betaIV-isotype was stained by a C-terminal specific antibody. The amount of staining indicates that this isotype, as in mammals, only accounts for a minor part of the total brain beta-tubulin. Based on the estimated amounts of betaIII- and betaIV-tubulins in cod brain, our results indicate that cod has at least one additional beta-tubulin isotype and that beta-tubulin diversity evolved early during fish evolution. The sequenced cod betaIV-tubulin had four unique amino acid substitutions when compared to beta-tubulin sequences from other animals, while one substitution was in common with Antarctic rockcod beta-tubulin. Residues 221, Thr to Ser, and 283, Ala to Ser, correspond in the bovine tubulin dimer structure to loops that most probably interact with other tubulin molecules within the microtubule, and might contribute to cold-adaptation of microtubules.
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| 30. |
- Nilsson, P A, et al.
(författare)
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Planarized patterning of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films for multilayer technology
- 1995
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity (Print). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1051-8223 .- 1558-2515. ; 5, s. 1653-1656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Planarized layers of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) were made by etching trenches in SrTiO3 (STO) substrates, laser depositing a YBCO film and mechanically polishing the film down to the substrate surface. These structures exhibited critical temperatures (Tc) of 88 K and a critical-current density (Jc) of 106 A/cm2 at 77 K. The planarized surface was smooth, with a maximum height difference between the YBCO and STO of 20 nm. The surfaces were used as templates for epitaxial growth of multilayer insulators of STO and PrBa2Cu3O7 (PBCO) and top YBCO layers. Complete crossovers, free of superconducting shorts, with Tc of 86 K and critical current density (Jc) of 2×105 A/cm2 were made.
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| 31. |
- Olsson, L O, et al.
(författare)
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Charge accumulation at InAs surfaces
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 76:19, s. 3626-3629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to directly prove the existence of a charge accumulation layer at clean InAs surfaces. The formation of an accumulation layer is shown to be a common property of polar InAs surfaces, with the precise surface Fermi level position above the conduction band minimum determined by the surface geometry. The emission from states in the accumulation layer is studied with respect to its photon energy and angular dependence.
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| 32. |
- Olsson, L O, et al.
(författare)
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Core level and valence-band studies of the (111)2x2 surfaces of InSb and InAs
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 53:8, s. 4734-4740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The valence and core electronic surface states on the (111)2X2 surfaces of InSb and InAs have been studied by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Similarities in data show that the vacancy-buckling model, which is known to describe the InSb(111)2x2 surface, also applies to InAs(111)2X2. Three surface valence bands are identified and their dispersions are mapped along symmetry directions in the surface Brillouin zone. The In 4d core levels show one surface shifted component while no surface shifted components of the Sb 4d or As 3d core levels could be resolved.
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| 34. |
- Svensson, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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The paternal allele of the H19 gene is silenced in a stepwise manner duringearly mouse development: the acetylation status of histones mya be involved in the generation of variegated expression patter
- 1998
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Ingår i: Development. - 0950-1991 .- 1477-9129. ; 125:1, s. 61-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transcriptional silencing can reflect heritable, epigenetic inactivation of genes, either singly or in groups, during the life-time of an organism. This phenomenon is exemplified by parent-of-origin-specific inactivation events (genomic imprinting) for a subset of mammalian autosomal genes, such as H19. Very little is known, however, about the timing and mechanism(s) of silencing of the paternal H19 allele during mouse development. Using a novel in situ approach, we present evidence that the silencing of the paternal H19 allele is progressive in the trophectodermal lineage during early mouse development and generates variegated expression patterns. The silencing process apparently involves recruitment of histone deacetylases since the mosaic paternal-specific H19 expression reappears in trichostatin A-treated mouse conceptuses, undergoing in vitro organogenesis. Moreover, the paternal H19 alleles of PatDup.d7 placentas, in which a region encompassing the H19 locus of chromosome 7 is bipaternally derived, partially escape the silencing process and are expressed in a variegated manner. We suggest that allele-specific silencing of H19 share some common features with chromatin-mediated silencing in position-effect variegation.
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| 35. |
- Tirkkonen, M, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct somatic genetic changes associated with tumor progression in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ-line mutations
- 1997
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 57:7, s. 7-1222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations confer increased risk for development of breast cancer, but a number of additional, currently largely unknown, somatic genetic defects must also accumulate in the breast epithelial cells before malignancy develops. To evaluate the nature of these additional somatic genetic defects, we performed a genome-wide survey by comparative genomic hybridization on breast cancers from 21 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 15 BRCA2 mutation carriers, and 55 unselected controls. The total number of genetic changes was almost two times higher in tumors from both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers than in the control group. In BRCA1 tumors, losses of 5q (86%), 4q (81%), 4p (64%), 2q (40%), and 12q (40%) were significantly more common than in the control group (7-13%). BRCA2 tumors were characterized by a higher frequency of 13q (73%) and 6q (60%) losses and gains of 17q22-q24 (87%) and 20q13 (60%) as compared to the prevalence of these changes in the control group (12-18%). In conclusion, accumulation of somatic genetic changes during tumor progression may follow a unique pathway in individuals genetically predisposed to cancer, especially by the BRCA1 gene. Activation or loss of genes in the affected chromosomal regions may be selected for during tumor progression in cells lacking functional BRCA1 or BRCA2. Identification of such genes could provide targets for therapeutic intervention and early diagnosis.
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| 36. |
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| 39. |
- Dahlqvist, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental enrichment alters nerve growth factor-induced gene A and glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA expression after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neuroscience. - 1873-7544 .- 0306-4522. ; 93:2, s. 527-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Housing rats in an enriched environment after focal brain ischemia improves functional outcome without changes in infarct volume, suggesting neuroplastic changes outside the lesion. In this study, permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was followed by housing in an enriched or a standard environment. Nerve growth factor-induced gene A and glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA expression were determined by in situ hybridization two to 30 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke induced a decrease in nerve growth factor-induced gene A messenger RNA expression in cortical areas outside the ischemic lesion and in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus two to three days after ischemia. This decrease was more prolonged with environmental enrichment, lasting until 20 days. However, 30 days after focal cerebral ischemia, environmental enrichment increased nerve growth factor-induced gene A expression compared to standard housing. A reduction of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (type II) messenger RNA two to 12 days after stroke in standard housed rats was restored by environmental enrichment. These data suggest that improved functional outcome induced by environmental enrichment after middle cerebral artery occlusion is associated with dynamically altered expression of nerve growth factor-induced gene A messenger RNA in brain regions outside the ischemic lesion, and sustained levels of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA expression.
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| 40. |
- Egesten, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Localization of granule proteins in human eosinophil bone marrow progenitors
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - 1423-0097. ; 114:2, s. 8-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eosinophils have a characteristic content of cationic proteins, stored in core-containing specific granules and released at sites of inflammation; coreless granules (sometimes called primary) are present in eosinophil promyelocytes. In order to determine a possible relationship between the two granule subsets, immunoelectron-microscopic techniques were used to determine the presence and precise intragranular distribution of major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and arylsulfatase B of eosinophil granules, as well as the Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein, in eosinophil progenitors of the bone marrow. MBP, ECP, EPO, and arylsulfatase B were observed in both coreless and core-containing (specific) granules. The difference in the distribution of MBP, having a uniform distribution in coreless granules and a crystalloid distribution in core-containing (specific) granules, could indicate a maturational process of a common organelle. CLC protein was distributed in the cytosol, in the euchromatin of the nuclei, but was also present in a rare granular compartment of both immature and mature eosinophils. The present findings suggest that coreless granules develop into core-containing specific granules.
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| 50. |
- Holm, J., et al.
(författare)
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Optical arrangement
- 1999
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A solid-state laser or arrangement for wavelength conversion is disclosed, which in its simplest embodiment is comprised of a light-generating body (102) arranged in a supporting means (103), the light-generating body (102) having a shape which is substantially complementary to a guiding structure (104) which is formed in the supporting means (103). The guiding structure (104) is formed with a high degree of accuracy, for instance, by etching the supporting means (103) or by replicating an original. Between the light-generating body (102) and the guiding structure (104) of the supporting means a thin contact layer (105) is arranged, the purpose of which is to increase the adherence to and/or the heat transfer to the supporting means (103). Due to the fact that the contact layer (105) is a deformable material, possible discrepancies as regards complementarity between the guiding structure (104) and the light-generating body (102) will be filled by the contact layer (105), whereby a close fit is obtained between the complementary structures.
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