| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ali, Ashfaq, et al.
(författare)
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Paranoid potato : phytophthora-resistant genotype shows constitutively activated defense
- 2012
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Ingår i: Plant Signaling and Behavior. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1559-2316 .- 1559-2324. ; 7:3, s. 400-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytophthora is the most devastating pathogen of dicot plants. There is a need for resistance sources with different modes of action to counteract the fast evolution of this pathogen. In order to better understand mechanisms of defense against P. infestans, we analyzed several clones of potato. Two of the genotypes tested, Sarpo Mira and SW93-1015, exhibited strong resistance against P. infestans in field trials, whole plant assays and detached leaf assays. The resistant genotypes developed different sizes of hypersensitive response (HR)-related lesions. HR lesions in SW93-1015 were restricted to very small areas, whereas those in Sarpo Mira were similar to those in Solanum demissum, the main source of classical resistance genes. SW93-1015 can be characterized as a cpr (constitutive expressor of PR genes) genotype without spontaneous microscopic or macroscopic HR lesions. This is indicated by constitutive hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production and PR1 (pathogenesis-related protein 1) secretion. SW93-1015 is one of the first plants identified as having classical protein-based induced defense expressed constitutively without any obvious metabolic costs or spontaneous cell death lesions.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Anrup, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Centrala universitetsvärden hotas av bolagiseringsidén
- 2013
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Högskolestiftelser. Förslaget att driva svenska universitet i stiftelseform öppnar för bolagisering. Men det är ingen riktig utredning, utan en politisk pamflett utan eftertanke. Privatisering av universitet hotar både oberoendet, forskningskvaliteten och samhällsnyttan, skriver 36 forskare vid svenska högskolor och universitet.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Axling, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of rose hip intake on risk markers of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over investigation in obese persons.
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 66:5, s. 585-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:In studies performed in mice, rose hip powder has been shown to both prevent and reverse high-fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance as well as reduce plasma levels of cholesterol. The aim of this study was to investigate whether daily intake of rose hip powder over 6 weeks exerts beneficial metabolic effects in obese individuals.SUBJECTS/METHODS:A total of 31 obese individuals with normal or impaired glucose tolerance were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study in which metabolic effects of daily intake of a rose hip powder drink over 6 weeks was compared with a control drink. Body weight, glucose tolerance, blood pressure, blood lipids and markers of inflammation were assessed in the subjects.RESULTS:In comparison with the control drink, 6 weeks of daily consumption of the rose hip drink resulted in a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (-3.4%; P=0.021), total plasma cholesterol (-4.9%; P=0.0018), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-6.0%; P=0.012) and LDL/HDL ratio (-6.5%; P=0.041). The Reynolds risk assessment score for cardiovascular disease was decreased in the rose hip group compared with the control group (-17%; P=0.007). Body weight, diastolic blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, incretins and markers of inflammation did not differ between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS:Daily consumption of 40 g of rose hip powder for 6 weeks can significantly reduce cardiovascular risk in obese people through lowering of systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol levels.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 14 December 2011; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.203.
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| 9. |
- Axling, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Green tea powder and Lactobacillus plantarum affect gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and inflammation in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition & Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-7075. ; 9:105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, ectopic lipid accumulation and low-grade inflammation. A dysfunctional gut microbiota has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Green tea is rich in polyphenols and has previously been shown to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Lactobacillus plantarum has the ability to metabolize phenolic acids. The health promoting effect of whole green tea powder as a prebiotic compound has not been thoroughly investigated previously. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without a supplement of 4% green tea powder (GT), and offered drinking water supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 (Lp) or the combination of both (Lp + GT) for 22 weeks. Parameters related to obesity, glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis and inflammation were examined. Small intestinal tissue and caecal content were collected for bacterial analysis. Results: Mice in the Lp + GT group had significantly more Lactobacillus and higher diversity of bacteria in the intestine compared to both mice in the control and the GT group. Green tea strongly reduced the body fat content and hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation. The reduction was negatively correlated to the amount of Akkermansia and/or the total amount of bacteria in the small intestine. Markers of inflammation were reduced in the Lp + GT group compared to control. PLS analysis of correlations between the microbiota and the metabolic variables of the individual mice showed that relatively few components of the microbiota had high impact on the correlation model. Conclusions: Green tea powder in combination with a single strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was able to promote growth of Lactobacillus in the intestine and to attenuate high fat diet-induced inflammation. In addition, a component of the microbiota, Akkermansia, correlated negatively with several metabolic parameters known to be risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.
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| 10. |
- Beckeman, Märit, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of packaging innovations in the Swedish food sector
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Retail Research: Emerging diversity. ; , s. 193-211
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined Packaging is of particular importance to retailers, since it can be considered an integral part of the product and the first point of contact with the brand (Rundh 2005). Over 73% of interviewed consumers rely on packaging to aid their purchasing decisions (Wells et al. 2007), and retailers are the ‘gatekeepers’ to the consumers (Dobson et al. 2003) via the retail stores, where the packaging of a product is what meets the eyes of consumers. Young (2008:26) simply states, “The package is the product”, and packaging “combines the ‘4 Ps’ of marketing: the package contains the product, packages convey messages about product attributes to consumers as part of public relations, and often its price, while also carrying promotions”, making it an integral part of the product (Hawkes 2010:297). Hence, innovations in packaging and packaging systems in the food sector are intimately connected with the contained products; success or failure can be due to either or both aspects. And the success rate of food products is low: 80 to 90% of all launched products fail within the first year, in the USA (Rudolph 1995), with similar figures in other countries. This might be due to shortcomings in the methodology to develop (Stewart-Knox & Mitchell 2003) or that the right business model to “capture value from innovations” has not been designed (Teece 2010:183). And “value exists only if the consumer perceives it as such” (Burt 1989:29). Today, many retailers control the supply chain from producers to consumers (Fernie & Sparks 2009), have expanded their range of differentiated private labels (Burt & Sparks 2002) and increasingly compete with manufacturers’ brands, including in Sweden (Beckeman & Olsson 2011). This has resulted in increased demands for more flexible production to meet a greater variety of packaging sizes, products, recipes and delivery on demand, without increasing The importance of packaging innovations in the Swedish food sector 11 194 Chapter 11 the costs, and consequently smaller order sizes and varying designs (Van Donk 2001; Van Donk et al. 2008). The real breakthrough for packaged food in Sweden came with the introduction of frozen food in 1945 and self-service stores in 1947, both of which demanded packaging (Beckeman 2006). These changes initiated efficient supply chains, which together with a value perspective have become a necessity for the different requirements of various food products (Fisher 1997; Gustafsson et al. 2006). Food and beverages range from dry products to liquids, requiring distribution/storage temperatures from ambient, via refrigerated to frozen. Hence, product demands on packaging vary. The broader background to this chapter can be found in a doctoral thesis (Beckeman 2011) based on interviews with retailers, food manufacturers and packaging suppliers active in Sweden. To our knowledge, no similar investigation of the Swedish food sector of today has been carried out. The purpose was to investigate how the three groups of actors view innovations in their own area, their roles and the roles of other actors in the chain; i.e. if there is a gap of opinions about innovations among them. This chapter summarises the results from interviewing packaging suppliers based on the following research questions: • How do innovative Swedish packaging suppliers define innovations, and how do they regard their own role in food innovations? • What is the nature of the collaboration among packaging suppliers and other actors in the supply chain regarding food innovations? ‘Consumer’ is defined as the end consumer of a food product, whereas a ‘customer’ can be a food manufacturer, a retailer or the next link in the packaging supply chain, as packaging suppliers cannot be defined as one homogenous group. They can be material producers, packaging converters, packaging machinery suppliers and other relevant suppliers (Paine 2002), and can work as partners, sub-suppliers and/or competitors with each other, depending on the situation and the demands. In this mixture of packaging suppliers, some are considered more innovative and successful than others, as previously suggested by interviewed retailers (Beckeman & Olsson 2011) and food manufacturers (Beckeman et al., in press) and are the focus of this study. This chapter is organised as follows: it starts by summarising literature on packaging and packaging functions and related to food innovations, continues with methodology, including framework for analysis, which is followed by results and analysis, and ends with conclusions.
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| 11. |
- Byrskog, Ulrika, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions and experiences of war, violence, migration and reproductive health among Somali refugee women in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: 19th Nordic Midwifery Congress - Nordic and Global Challenges. ; , s. 75-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perceptions and experiences of war, violence and migration and related sexual and reproductive health among Somali refugee women in Sweden.Background and objectives: Sweden has during the latest six years experienced a twofold increase of Somali born refugees. Elevated levels of pregnancy related morbidity and perinatal complications are seen among Somali born refugee women. Research has shown links between a mother´s prenatal stress and anxiety and the health of the child the first year. Furthermore, violence towards a mother-to-be has negative health effects and increases the neonatal mortality The specific aim in the current study was to explore perceptions and experiences of war, violence and migration among Somali refugee women in Sweden. This in order to find strategies in caring for birth giving Somali refugee women, with possible experiences of violence, which would benefit the woman and society at large.Material and methods: Qualitative individual audio-recorded interviews were conducted with Somali born refugee women in fertile ages. Interviews were held in three steps: 1) personal narratives by newly arrived Somali born women, 2) perceptions and views out of a depersonalized case and 3) reflections upon emerging themes by female key persons of Somali origin. Thematic analysis according to Clarke and Braun was applied.Preliminary results: The analysis resulted in two main themes: Lives controlled by the presence of violence and Sacrificing for the sake of a future. Access to education, livelihood opportunities and health facilities has been strictly limited by the long-lasting civil war. Escalated violations of sexual and reproductive health and rights were a common triggering factor for finalizing escape. Lives have been extensively marked by family separations. Patience created by war and a pragmatic orientation in life have made survival possible.Conclusions: To be presented at the congressImplications for practice: The results will provide increased evidence based knowledge useful to midwives when caring and supporting birth giving refugee women.
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| 12. |
- Byrskog, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Violence and reproductive health preceding flight from war : accounts from Somali born women in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Political violence and war are push factors for migration and social determinants of health among migrants. Somali migration to Sweden has increased threefold since 2004, and now comprises refugees with more than 20 years of war experiences. Health is influenced by earlier life experiences with adverse sexual and reproductive health, violence, and mental distress being linked. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are reported among Somali born refugees in high-income countries. The aim of this study was to explore experiences and perceptions on war, violence, and reproductive health before migration among Somali born women in Sweden.Method: Qualitative semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 17 Somali born refugee women of fertile age living in Sweden. Thematic analysis was applied.Results: Before migration, widespread war-related violence in the community had created fear, separation, and interruption in daily life in Somalia, and power based restrictions limited access to reproductive health services. The lack of justice and support for women exposed to non-partner sexual violence or intimate partner violence reinforced the risk of shame, stigmatization, and silence. Social networks, stoicism, and faith constituted survival strategies in the context of war.Conclusions: Several factors reinforced non-disclosure of violence exposure among the Somali born women before migration. Therefore, violence-related illness might be overlooked in the health care system. Survival strategies shaped by war contain resources for resilience and
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| 13. |
- Byrskog, Ulrika, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Violence, sexual and reproductive health and rights in Somalia : Qualitative interviews with Somali born women in Sweden
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Political violence is a push factors for migration and social determinants of health among migrants. The Somali migration to Sweden has increased threefold during the latest six years, now comprising refugees with more than 20 years of war experiences. Adverse childbearing health and outcomes are reported among Somali born refugees in high income countries. Health is influenced by earlier life experiences and a link between adverse sexual and reproductive health, violence and mental distress is described in research. Therefore, the aim was to explore experiences and perceptions on war, violence and sexual and reproductive health before migration among Somali born women in Sweden. Method: Qualitative semi-structured individual interviews with Somali born refugee women living in Sweden were conducted, based on personal narratives and a hypothetical case. Thematic analysis was applied.Results: Escalating violence and power based restrictions permeated gradually all aspect of life and limited both access to and quality of reproductive health services in pre-migration Somalia. Formal societal support for women exposed to violence was absent. This reinforced shame and stigma connected to war related and community based sexual violence and the silence surrounding sexual and intimate partner violence. Women expressed survival strategies in the context of war based on social networks, pragmatism, strength and faith.Conclusions: Lack of formal structures on community levels has together with collective violence negatively impacted the whole spectra of women’s lives which have undermined the sexual and reproductive and health and rights. Several factors reinforce non-disclosure of violence exposure and can thus hamper health care seeking for violence related illness in the receiving country. Survival strategies shaped by war contain resources for resilience and enhancement of mental, sexual and reproductive health in receiving country.Keywords: Somalia, war, violence, refugee, sexual and reproductive health and rights, qualitative method, thematic analysis
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| 14. |
- Callaghan, Terry, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Decadal Changes in Tundra Environments and Ecosystems : Synthesis of the International Polar Year-Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40:6, s. 705-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the responses of tundra systemsto global change has global implications. Most tundraregions lack sustained environmental monitoring and oneof the only ways to document multi-decadal change is toresample historic research sites. The International PolarYear (IPY) provided a unique opportunity for such researchthrough the Back to the Future (BTF) project (IPY project#512). This article synthesizes the results from 13 paperswithin this Ambio Special Issue. Abiotic changes includeglacial recession in the Altai Mountains, Russia; increasedsnow depth and hardness, permafrost warming, andincreased growing season length in sub-arctic Sweden;drying of ponds in Greenland; increased nutrient availabilityin Alaskan tundra ponds, and warming at mostlocations studied. Biotic changes ranged from relativelyminor plant community change at two sites in Greenland tomoderate change in the Yukon, and to dramatic increasesin shrub and tree density on Herschel Island, and in subarcticSweden. The population of geese tripled at one sitein northeast Greenland where biomass in non-grazed plotsdoubled. A model parameterized using results from a BTFstudy forecasts substantial declines in all snowbeds andincreases in shrub tundra on Niwot Ridge, Colorado overthe next century. In general, results support and provideimproved capacities for validating experimental manipulation,remote sensing, and modeling studies.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Einefors, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivities improve the prognosis in ER-negative breast cancer.
- 2013
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Ingår i: SpringerPlus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-1801. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. Immunostimulatory treatment has increasingly been used as adjuvant therapy in the last few years, in patients with melanoma and other cancer forms, often with an induction of autoimmunity as a consequence of a successful treatment. We aimed at investigating if coexisting autoimmune diseases (AD) or hypersensitivities (HS) similarly to the side effects of immunostimulatory treatment resulted in a better overall survival, compared to patients without these disorders.
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| 17. |
- Ericson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Folate Concentrations Are Positively Associated with Risk of Estrogen Receptor {beta} Negative Breast Cancer in a Swedish Nested Case Control Study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 140:9, s. 1661-1668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folate's role in breast cancer development is controversial. Not only estrogen receptor (ER) alpha status, but also ERbeta status of tumors may have confounded results from previous epidemiological studies. We aimed to examine associations between plasma folate concentration and postmenopausal breast cancer defined by ER status. This nested case-control study, within the Malmö diet and cancer cohort, included 204 incident breast cancer cases with information on ERalpha and ERbeta status determined by immunochemistry on tissue micro-array sections. Plasma folate concentration was analyzed for the cases and 408 controls (matched on age and blood sample date). Odds ratios (OR) for ER-defined breast cancers in tertiles of plasma folate concentration were calculated with unconditional logistic regression. All tests were 2-sided. Women in the third tertile of plasma folate concentration (>12 nmol/L) had higher incidence of ERbeta- breast cancer than women in the first tertile (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.44-4.92; P-trend = 0.001). We did not observe significant associations between plasma folate concentration and other breast cancer subgroups defined by ER status. We observed a difference between risks for ERbeta+ and ERbeta- cancer (P-heterogeneity = 0.003). Our findings, which indicate a positive association between plasma folate and ERbeta- breast cancer, highlight the importance of taking ERbeta status into consideration in studies of folate and breast cancer. The study contributes knowledge concerning folate's multifaceted role in cancer development. If replicated in other populations, the observations may have implications for public health, particularly regarding folic acid fortification.
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| 18. |
- Fahnehjelm, Kristina Teär, et al.
(författare)
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Visual function, ocular motility and ocular characteristics in patients with mitochondrial complex I deficiency
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X. ; 90:1, s. 32-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Purpose: The aims of the present study were to investigate visual function, ocular motility and ocular characteristics in children and young adults with complex I deficiency. Material and Methods: In a prospective study with longitudinal follow-up, the visual and ocular outcome in 13 patients with deficiency in complex I [nicotine-amide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase] in the mitochondrial respiratory chain is presented. The patients were diagnosed during 1995-2007 and assessed during 1997-2009 at a median age of 12.8 years (range 3.1-23.4). Results: Twelve of 13 patients had visual impairment and/or ocular pathology. Four of 10 patients who co-operated in visual assessment had a best corrected decimal visual acuity of A mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Only one patient had normal visual acuity and ocular outcome including refraction and visual fields. Follow-up time was median 3.0 years (range 0-11). Conclusion: Visual impairment, ocular motility problems and OA are common in children and young adults with complex I deficiency and should prompt the paediatric ophthalmologist to consider mitochondrial disorders.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hedenas, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Tree Growth, Biomass and Vegetation Over a 13-Year Period in the Swedish Sub-Arctic
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40:6, s. 672-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was conducted in the Swedish sub-Arctic, near Abisko, in order to assess the direction and scale of possible vegetation changes in the alpine-birch forest ecotone. We have re-surveyed shrub, tree and vegetation data at 549 plots grouped into 61 clusters. The plots were originally surveyed in 1997 and re-surveyed in 2010. Our study is unique for the area as we have quantitatively estimated a 19% increase in tree biomass mainly within the existing birch forest. We also found significant increases in the cover of two vegetation types-"birch forest-heath with mosses and "meadow with low herbs, while the cover of snowbed vegetation decreased significantly. The vegetation changes might be caused by climate, herbivory and past human impact but irrespective of the causes, the observed transition of the vegetation will have substantial effects on the mountain ecosystems.
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| 21. |
- Hultqvist, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Positioning of a Polymorphic Quantitative Trait Nucleotide in the Ncf1 Gene Controlling Oxidative Burst Response and Arthritis Severity in Rats
- 2011
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 14:12, s. 2373-2383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ncf1 gene, encoding the P47(PHOX) protein that regulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) complex, is associated with autoimmunity and arthritis severity in rats. We have now identified that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) resulting in an M153T amino acid substitution mediates arthritis resistance and thus explains the molecular polymorphism underlying the earlier identified Ncf1 gene effect. We identified the SNP in position 153 to regulate ROS production using COSPHOX cells transfected with mutated Ncf1. To determine the role of this SNP for control of arthritis, we used the Wistar strain, identified to carry only the postulated arthritis resistant SNP in position 153. When this Ncf1 allele was backcrossed to the arthritis susceptible DA strain, both granulocyte ROS production and arthritis resistance were restored. Position 153 is located in the hinge region between the PX and SH3 domains of P47(PHOX). Mutational analysis of this position revealed a need for an -OH group in the side chain but we found no evidence for phosphorylation. The polymorphism did not affect assembly of the P47(PHOX)/P67(PHOX) complex in the cytosol or membrane localization, but is likely to operate downstream of assembly, affecting activity of the membrane NOX2 complex.
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| 22. |
- Häggmark, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Antibody-based profiling of cerebrospinal fluid within multiple sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 13:15, s. 2256-2267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibody suspension bead arrays have proven to enable multiplexed and high-throughput protein profiling in unfractionated plasma and serum samples through a direct labeling approach. We here describe the development and application of an assay for protein profiling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). While setting up the assay, systematic intensity differences between sample groups were observed that reflected inherent sample specific total protein amounts. Supplementing the labeling reaction with BSA and IgG diminished these differences without impairing the apparent sensitivity of the assay. We also assessed the effects of heat treatment on the analysis of CSF proteins and applied the assay to profile 43 selected proteins by 101 antibodies in 339 CSF samples from a multiple sclerosis (MS) cohort. Two proteins, GAP43 and SERPINA3 were found to have a discriminating potential with altered intensity levels between sample groups. GAP43 was detected at significantly lower levels in secondary progressive MS compared to early stages of MS and the control group of other neurological diseases. SERPINA3 instead was detected at higher levels in all MS patients compared to controls. The developed assay procedure now offers new possibilities for broad-scale protein profiling of CSF within neurological disorders.
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| 23. |
- Jacobs, Kevin B, et al.
(författare)
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Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - New York : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:6, s. 651-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 genome-wide association studies, we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones in DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples. We observed mosaic abnormalities, either aneuploidy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, of >2 Mb in size in autosomes of 517 individuals (0.89%), with abnormal cell proportions of between 7% and 95%. In cancer-free individuals, frequency increased with age, from 0.23% under 50 years to 1.91% between 75 and 79 years (P = 4.8 × 10(-8)). Mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid tumors (0.97% versus 0.74% in cancer-free individuals; odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; P = 0.016), with stronger association with cases who had DNA collected before diagnosis or treatment (OR = 1.45; P = 0.0005). Detectable mosaicism was also more common in individuals for whom DNA was collected at least 1 year before diagnosis with leukemia compared to cancer-free individuals (OR = 35.4; P = 3.8 × 10(-11)). These findings underscore the time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer and potentially other late-onset diseases.
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| 24. |
- Köping Olsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Idea Exchange and Shared Understanding : Tools Stimulating Thought and Conveying Ideas
- 2011
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Ingår i: Design principles and practices: An international journal. - 1833-1874. ; 5:4, s. 487-502
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The topic of this paper is the use of sketching when exchanging shape visions. Attaining a shared understanding in a collaborative design project is examined. The interaction acts of an industrial design team at a renowned design firm in Stockholm are analyzed, as well as where the idea development session is situated. The interaction in itself could function as the prevalent means of describing and mediating creative idea development in groups. The basic intent of bringing together individuals who hold divergent notions is the creative tension this meeting may bring forth. There seems to be an inevitable gap between designers' ways of forming and expressing opinions concerning aesthetic ideas and their use of verbal language. The concepts 'verbal overshadowing' and 'figurative arguing' are considered, as well as 'the power of the board'. These phenomena influence the session's creative potential. The interpretation of the different types of sketches used by the team is focused on, as a means of understanding the significance of each type and the impact on idea development. Based on this study, several recommendations for establishing effective idea exchange and supporting evolving shared understanding (i.e., a group idea) are presented.
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| 25. |
- Lindberg, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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En spark i baken för ett aktivare liv
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efter årtionden av inaktivitet fick några patienter i 60-årsåldern fysisk aktivitet på recept (FaR). Vår studie pekar på att det var ett bra sätt att hjälpa dem att finna motivation och att ta ett första steg mot ett aktivare liv.
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| 26. |
- Ofverholm, I. Ivanov, et al.
(författare)
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PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF IKZF1 DELETIONS IN PEDIATRIC B-CELL PRECURSOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA TREATED ACCORDING TO NOPHO PROTOCOLS - THE SWEDISH EXPERIENCE
- 2014
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 99:Suppl 1, s. 9-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recently, IKZF1 deletions have been shown to be associated notonly with the leukemogenic process but also to confer a poor prognosis in allrisk groups of B-cell precursor ALL. In a previous study, we used Multiplex Ligation-dependentProbe Amplification (MLPA) to investigate the presence ofIKZF1 deletions in bone marrow DNA from 116 children diagnosed with BCPALL in a single center and treated according to NOPHO protocols. Deletionswere detected in 16% of cases; both event free survival and overall survivalwere significantly reduced in the IKZF1-deleted group compared to the groupwith intact IKZF1.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Olsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Land management meeting several environmental objectives - Knowledge compilation and system analyses
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Which mitigation options in land-use management domeet the goals for green house gas emissions, biodiversityand water security?This report makes a systems analysis of land-use andits implications for green house gas emissions, biodiversityand water.The main conclusions are that:• Most land management strategies can meet the goalsfor biodiversity and water in an adequate way, exceptintensive forestry, although trade-offs between differentenvironmental values will be necessary.• It is important that there is an understanding of howthe prerequisite for impacts of land-use changes in achanging climate.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Olsson Möller, Ulrika
(författare)
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Falls and dizziness in frail older people. Predictors, experiences and the effects of a case management intervention
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Falling in old age may have a large impact on daily life. Falls can lead to injuries, reduced mobility and reduced quality of life. The risk of falls increases with age and frailty level. Dizziness is a strong risk factor for falls, and preventing falls and dizziness in older people is essential. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate risk factors for falls or dizziness and to explore older people’s experiences of living with chronic dizziness. Furthermore, the aim was to evaluate the effects of a home-based case management intervention on falls in frail older people. The thesis comprised three studies. Study I was a longitudinal cohort study, the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC), with 1,402 participants in 10 age cohorts from 60 to 96 years. The study started in 2001 and follow-up was done after 3 and 6 years. The sample was divided into subjects aged 60-78 years and 80-96 years and the prevalence and predictors of falls or dizziness were investigated (Paper I). Study II was a qualitative study exploring the experiences of living with chronic dizziness in old age and included 13 people (7 women and 6 men, aged 73 to 87 years). Interviews were conducted and were analysed by content analysis (Paper II). Study III was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) including 153 participants randomly assigned to a case management intervention (n=80) or a control group (n=73). The study included people aged 65+ years who lived in their ordinary homes with functional dependency and repeated health care contacts. The intervention included home visits by a nurse and a physiotherapist at least once a month during 12 months. Data from this study were used in two papers. Paper III investigated predictive validity for falls and optimal cut-off scores for the Downton Fall Risk Index (DFRI), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the Romberg Test (RT). Paper IV investigated the effects of the case management intervention on falls, injurious falls and falls resulting in medical care. The results in Paper I show almost doubled prevalences in the older age cohort. In the younger age cohort 16% reported falls and 18% reported dizziness. In the older age cohort 32% reported falls and 31% reported dizziness. The strongest predictors differed between the age cohorts. The strongest predictors for falls were use of neuroleptics and personal activities of daily living (PADL) in the younger age cohort, and history of falling and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in the older age cohort. The strongest predictors for dizziness were history of dizziness and feeling nervous (younger age cohort) and history of dizziness and history of falling (older age cohort). In Paper II the experiences of the interviewees were interpreted as fighting for control in an unpredictable life. This included fumbling for a cure and improvements, struggling to maintain an ordinary life and a restricted everyday life with constant threats. Health care had not been able to meet the needs of older people with chronic dizziness. The results in Paper III show that no test had high predictive validity for falls. DFRI (cut-off ≥ 3 points) and TUG (cut-off ≥12 seconds) showed about 80% sensitivity and 30% specificity. RT show low sensitivity and is not recommended to be used in frail older people at home. The home-based case management intervention in Paper IV did not show any effect on falls, injurious falls and falls resulting in medical care. Falls and dizziness are common, serious health complaints in frail older people and deserve attention. The complex interaction between falls, dizziness and related factors suggests that fall prevention interventions should be individualized. Older people with chronic dizziness have, in spite of frequent health care contacts, needs that are unmet. Besides identifying and treating the underlying cause of dizziness, managing older people with dizziness may also focus on appropriate coping strategies in daily life and should not end until the individual has regained control of their daily life. DFRI and TUG were not able to correctly identify people with and without a high fall risk. They may be used as screening tools, but a comprehensive assessment of a person’s risk factors for falls is needed before a fall prevention intervention is introduced. Preventing falls in frail older people is challenging. The home-based case management intervention did not show any effect on falls, injurious falls and falls resulting in medical care, and further research is needed on how to prevent falls in frail older people living at home.
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| 32. |
- Olsson Möller, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Fighting for control in an unpredictable life : a qualitative study of older persons' experiences of living with chronic dizziness
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - 1471-2318 .- 1471-2318. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dizziness in older people is associated with disability and reduced quality of life. Few studies have investigated how daily life is affected from the older person's perspective. Identifying barriers and resources in daily life could guide health care in how to direct efficient interventions. The aim of this study was to explore older persons' experiences of living with chronic dizziness.METHODS: In this qualitative study seven women aged 74-84 years and six men aged 73-87 years with chronic dizziness (≥3 months) recruited from a primary health care centre in 2012 participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analysed by content analysis.RESULTS: Interpretation of the interviews resulted in the overall theme "Fighting for control in an unpredictable life" with two themes. The first theme "Striving towards normality" revealed a struggle in daily life in searching for a cure or improvement and finding a way to maintain ordinary life. This process could result in feelings of resignation or adaption to daily life, and factors that supported living with chronic dizziness were described. The second theme "Having a precarious existence" revealed that daily life included being exposed to threats such as a fear of recurrent attacks or of falling, which resulted in an insecure and inflexible way of life. A feeling that symptoms were not taken seriously was described.CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that older persons with chronic dizziness have needs that are not met by health care. Despite the fact that frequent contact with health care was described, the respondents described barriers in daily life that led to a restricted, inflexible and insecure daily life. Health care should therefore be individually tailored with focus on aspects of daily life, especially safety aspects. Support should also be continued until the older persons with chronic dizziness have developed coping strategies to gain control of their daily life.
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| 33. |
- Olsson Möller, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Fighting for control in an unpredictable life - a qualitative study of older persons' experiences of living with chronic dizziness.
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dizziness in older people is associated with disability and reduced quality of life. Few studies have investigated how daily life is affected from the older person's perspective. Identifying barriers and resources in daily life could guide health care in how to direct efficient interventions. The aim of this study was to explore older persons' experiences of living with chronic dizziness.
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| 34. |
- Olsson Möller, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive Validity and Cut-Off Scores in Four Diagnostic Tests for Falls – A Study in Frail Older People at Home
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0270-3181 .- 1541-3152. ; 30:3, s. 189-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- No study has investigated the predictive validity and cut-off scores in diagnostic tests for falls used in in-home assessment in frail older people. The objective was to investigate the predictive validity for falls in the Downton Fall Risk Index (DFRI), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Romberg test (RT) used in in-home assessment of frail older people (65+ years). Data on the diagnostic tests were collected at baseline N = 153) and fall frequency were collected at six- and twelve-month follow-ups. The optimal cut-offs were 3 p in DFRI and 12 s in TUG. However, the validity indexes were generally low and only 40–50% were correctly classified. The RT showed low sensitivity. To increase the predictive validity for falls in this context, the use of DFRI and/or TUG as a part of a comprehensive fall-risk assessment tool, should be investigated in future studies
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| 35. |
- Olsson Möller, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and predictors of falls and dizziness in people younger and older than 80 years of age-A longitudinal cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 56:1, s. 160-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives were to investigate the prevalence and predictors for falls and dizziness among people younger and older than 80 years of age. The sample was drawn from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care (SNAC) and comprised 973 and 1273 subjects with data on the occurrence of falls and dizziness respectively at baseline. Follow-ups were made after 3- and 6-years. Data included socio-demographics, physical function, health complaints, cognition, quality of life and medications. The prevalence of falls was 16.5% in those under aged 80 and 31.7% in those 80+ years while dizziness was reported by 17.8% and 31.0% respectively. Predictors for falls in those under aged 80 were neuroleptics, dependency in personal activities of daily living (PADL), a history of falling, vision impairment and higher age, and in those 80+ years a history of falling, dependency in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), fatigue and higher age. Factors predicting dizziness in those under aged 80 were a history of dizziness, feeling nervous and reduced grip strength and in those 80+ years a history of dizziness and of falling. Predictors for falls and dizziness differed according to age. Specific factors were identified in those under aged 80. In those 80+ years more general factors were identified implying the need for a comprehensive investigation to prevent falls. This longitudinal study also showed that falling and dizziness in many older people are persistent and therefore should be treated as chronic conditions. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 36. |
- Olsson, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Separation And Identification Of Lipid Classes By Normal Phase Lc-Esi/Ms/Ms On A Cyanopropyl Column
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. - : Wiley. - 1438-7697 .- 1438-9312. ; 116:5, s. 653-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to establish a versatile and convenient method for the analysis of lipids, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was applied to a HPLC separation on a cyanopropyl-bonded stationary phase. A binary gradient mobile phase system consisting of hexane, toluene, methanol and a stable electrospray yielding sodium adduct ions could be used to generate specific product ions in MS/MS mode. By applying the LC/ESI-MS/MS method on an egg yolk sample, 29 different molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylcholines could be detected within 25 min.
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| 37. |
- Olsson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Numbers of Low-Oxygenated Pancreatic Islets After Intraportal Islet Transplantation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 60:9, s. 2350-2353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE-No previous study has measured the oxygenation of intraportally transplanted islets, although recent data suggest that insufficient engraftment may result in hypoxia and loss of islet cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-After intraportal infusion into syngeneic mice, islet oxygenation was investigated in 1-day-old, 1-month-old, or 3-month-old grafts and compared with renal subcapsular grafts and native islets. Animals received an intravenous injection of pimonidazole for immunohistochemical detection of low-oxygenated islet cells (pO(2) <10 mmHg), and caspase-3 immunostaining was performed to assess apoptosis rates in adjacent tissue sections. RESULTS-In the native pancreas of nontransplanted animals, similar to 30% of the islets stained positive for pimonidazole. In 1-day-old and 1-month-old grafts, the percentage of pimonidazole-positive islets in the liver was twice that of native islets, whereas this increase was abolished in 3-month-old grafts. Beneath the renal capsule, pimonidazole accumulation was, however, similar to native islets at all time points. Apoptosis rates were markedly increased in 1-day-old intrahepatic grafts compared with corresponding renal islet grafts, which were slightly increased compared with native islets. One month posttransplantation renal subcapsular grafts had similar frequencies of apoptosis as native islets, whereas apoptosis in intraportally implanted islets was still high. In the liver, islet graft vascular density increased between 1 and 3 months posttransplantation, and apoptosis rates simultaneously dropped to values similar to those observed in native islets. CONCLUSIONS-The vascular engraflment of intraportally transplanted islets is markedly delayed compared with renal islet grafts. The prolonged ischemia of intraportally transplanted islets may favor an alternative implantation site.
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| 38. |
- Olsson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Overlap between folding and functional energy landscapes for adenylate kinase conformational change
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 1:8, s. 111-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enzyme function is often dependent on fluctuations between inactive and active structural ensembles. Adenylate kinase isolated from Escherichia coli (AK(e)) is a small phosphotransfer enzyme in which interconversion between inactive (open) and active (closed) conformations is rate limiting for catalysis. AK(e) has a modular three-dimensional architecture with two flexible substrate-binding domains that interact with the substrates AMP, ADP and ATP. Here, we show by using a combination of biophysical and mutagenic approaches that the interconversion between open and closed states of the ATP-binding subdomain involves partial subdomain unfolding/refolding in an otherwise folded enzyme. These results provide a novel and, possibly general, molecular mechanism for the switch between open and closed conformations in AK(e).
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| 39. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 40. |
- Widding, Ulrika, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Ett föräldrastöd grundat i barnkonventionen? : En analys av hur föräldrastödsmaterial förhåller sig till olika dimensioner av barnkonventionen
- 2014
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Ingår i: Barn. - Trondheim : Norsk senter for barneforskning (NOSEB). - 0800-1669. ; :1, s. 41-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish strategy for parent support aims at offering all parents supporting activities that should be based on the values expressed in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). A specific subtarget of the strategy is to make parenting programs more available to parents. The aim of this study was to examine if, and how, the books and booklets parents use in six different parenting programs describe the UNCRC and how the texts present societal notions of the child and the parent-child relationship. The texts were examined using a qualitative text analysis and a model describing different dimensions of the UNCRC. The results show that some texts do not describe the UNCRC at all, while some present it but without problematizing and concretizing it. Further, some texts relate family life toa societal context, while some more narrowly focus on the family interaction.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Wirfält, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Food sources of fat and sex hormone receptor status of invasive breast tumors in women of the malmö diet and cancer cohort.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nutrition and Cancer. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-7914 .- 0163-5581. ; 63:5, s. 722-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined associations between food intakes and incident breast cancer, defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (17,000 women aged 45-73 yr). The hazard ratios (HRs) of ER+PR+ (n = 270), ER+PR- (n = 87), and ER-PR- (n = 61) tumors and all cancer (n = 544) were estimated after 10 yr of follow-up. In multivariate analysis of ER+PR+ tumors, a protective linear risk trend, indicating change between adjoining food categories, was seen with yogurt (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80-0.99), but increased risks with eggs (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01-1.20) and dried soups/sauces (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00-1.22). In ER-PR- tumors, vegetable-oil-based margarine (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.09-1.59) and dried soups/sauces (HR = 1.31 95% CI = 1.05-1.64) showed increased risks. Heterogeneity was observed between ER+PR+ and ER-PR- tumors for vegetable-oil-based margarine (P < 0.01). Regular milk showed decreased, and dried soups/sauces increased, risk with all breast cancer. The study suggests that fat-containing food may contribute both to hormonal and nonhormonal mechanisms in breast tumor development and supports observations of positive associations between characteristics of Westernized diets and postmenopausal breast cancer.
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| 44. |
- Yngve, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Triazolopyrimidinones as gamma-secretase modulators : structure-activity relationship, modulator profile, and in vivo profiling
- 2013
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Ingår i: MedChemComm. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-2503 .- 2040-2511. ; 4:2, s. 422-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure-activity relationship for a series of potent g-secretase modulators based on the 6,7-dihydro4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one scaffold is described. Furthermore, we report details regarding the modulator profile on A beta processing, as well as in vivo efficacy, for the optimized compounds.
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