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- af Klinteberg, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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On the psychobiology of impulsivity
- 2004
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Ingår i: On the psychobiology of personality. - : Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam. - 0080442099 ; , s. 455-478
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- af Klinteberg, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Serotonin, personality and smoking
- 2000
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY. - 0020-7594. ; 35:3-4, s. 22-22
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Berggård, Cecilia, 1975-
(författare)
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Transcription Factor AP-2 in Relation to Personality and Antidepressant Drugs
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The CNS monoaminergic systems are considered as the head engine regulating neuropsychiatric functions and personality. Transcription factor AP-2 is known to be essential for the development of the brainstem including the monoaminergic nuclei, and has the ability to regulate many genes in the monoaminergic systems. The ability of transcription factors to regulate specific gene expression, has lately made them hot candidates as drug targets. In this thesis, results indicating a role of AP-2 in the molecular effects of the antidepressant drugs citalopram and phenelzine, are presented. A polymorphism in the second intron of the gene encoding AP-2ß has previously been associated with anxiety-related personality traits as estimated by the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). In this thesis, results confirming this association, gained by using a larger material and several different personality scales, are presented. Furthermore, data is presented showing an association between the activity of platelet monoamine oxidase, a trait-dependent marker for personality, and the genotype of the AP-2ß intron 2 polymorphism. The functional importance of the AP-2ß intron 2 polymorphism has not yet been elucidated. Included in this thesis are results showing that the AP-2ß intron 2 polymorphism is not in linkage disequilibrium with the only other described polymorphism in the AP-2ß gene, i.e. in the AP-2ß promoter (-67 G/A). Introns have in several studies been shown to include binding sites for regulatory proteins, and thus, to be important in transcriptional regulation. Results are presented demonstrating that one human brain nuclear protein binds only to the long variant of the AP-2ß intron 2 polymorphism. If this protein is involved in the regulation of the AP-2ß gene, it would affect the expression levels of the AP-2ß protein. In general, this thesis further establishes the role of transcription factor AP-2 as a regulatory factor of importance for personality and monoaminergic functions.
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| 8. |
- Fahlke, Claudia, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in a nonhuman primate model of type 2 excessive alcohol consumption
- 2002
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; 159, s. 2107-2109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Low platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is associated with "type 2 alcoholism." MAO activity is also affected by cigarette smoking. Since most alcoholics are smokers, it is difficult to evaluate the possible effect of platelet MAO activity on alcoholism independently of the effects of smoking, The authors investigated the relationship between platelet MAO activity and excessive alcohol consumption in rhesus macaques. Method: Platelet MAO activity and CSF metabolite concentrations were measured. The authors also investigated level of voluntary alcohol intake and social dominance rank. Results: Subjects with low platelet MAO activity consumed alcohol to excess, had low CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations, and were less competent socially. Conclusions: These findings show that nonhuman primates that exhibit type 2-like alcohol features display low platelet MAO activity and support the notion that platelet MAO activity is a biologic marker for central serotonergic activity. The results also challenge the hypothesis that low platelet MAO activity in type 2 alcoholism is simply an artifact of smoking.
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| 15. |
- Göktürk, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in transgenic mice with diabetes
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 325:3, s. 1013-1020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity in plasma is increased in diabetes, and in particular, in diabetic patients with vascular complications. It has been speculated that SSAO is involved in the development of such complications due to the production of cytotoxic compounds. In this work, we have induced diabetes in a previously described mouse-model, overexpressing SSAO in smooth muscle cells. SSAO activity was estimated as well as expression of the endogenous mouse gene and human transgene using real-time PCR. Diabetes induced an increase in SSAO activity in serum, kidney, and adipose tissue of transgenic animals. An inverse correlation between SSAO activity and mouse SSAO mRNA levels was observed in transgenic animals with diabetes. These results further support the suggestion of a negative feedback control of the SSAO gene expression. The increased SSAO activity in diabetes is most likely dependent on post-transcriptional modifications or activation of existing inactive enzyme molecules.
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| 16. |
- Göktürk, Camilla, 1967-
(författare)
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Semicarbazide-sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO) – Regulation and Involvement in Blood Vessel Damage with Special Regard to Diabetes : A Study on Mice Overexpressing Human SSAO
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO, EC 1.4.3.6) belongs to a family of copper-containing amine oxidases. SSAO exists as a membrane bound protein in endothelial-, smooth muscle-, and adipose cells as well as soluble in plasma. SSAO catalyses oxidative deamination of primary monoamines, which results in the production of corresponding aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. These compounds are very reactive and potentially cytotoxic, and are able to induce vascular damage if produced in high levels. Patients with diabetes mellitus, and with diabetic complications in particular, have a higher SSAO activity in plasma compared to healthy controls. It has therefore been speculated that high SSAO activity is involved in the development of vascular complications associated with diabetes. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the importance of SSAO in the development of disorders of a vascular origin. We have studied the transcriptional regulation of the SSAO gene, by inducing diabetes in NMRI and in transgenic mice, overexpressing the human form of SSAO in smooth muscle cells. We found that the increase in SSAO activity in diabetes is accompanied by reduced mRNA levels of the endogenous mouse gene, suggesting a negative feedback on the transcription of the SSAO gene. In addition, the transgenic mice exhibited an abnormal phenotype in the elastic tissue of aorta and renal artery. These mice have a lower mean artery pressure and an elevated pulse pressure. These results indicate that high SSAO activity in smooth muscle cells is associated with a change in the morphology of large arteries. This is likely contributing to the development of vascular complications in diabetes.
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| 19. |
- Karlsson, Krister, 1972-
(författare)
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Substance P Endopeptidase : Purification and Characterizataion of Enzyme Activity and Evaluation of its Function during Stressful Condition
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purification and biochemical characterization of the substance P (SP) hydrolyzing enzyme, substance P endopeptidase (SPE), have been carried out; with subsequent orientation in neurobiological fundamental processes involved in opioid dependence, withdrawal, and heat-stress.SPE was purified from rat spinal cord, human spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), rat ventral tegemental area (VTA), and rat hippocampus. The enzyme activity was found to release the biologically active fragments SP(1-7) and SP(1-8) as major products. The purified enzymes were characterized with regard to their biochemical and kinetic properties. The typical SPE is neither inhibited by phosphoramidon nor captopril nor phenylmethanesulfonylflourid (PMSF). In comparison to other known proteases SPE differed in characteristics regarding substrate specificity, inhibition-profile, cleavage pattern, and other kinetic parameters. The technically very delicate approach of micro purification of SPE from the rat ventral tegemental area (VTA) (this is a very small tissue), turned out to be possible with the ÄKTA™-purifier system. Studies revealed a crucial role of SPE in a series of clinically important neuropathological conditions, such as opioid tolerance, and withdrawal (SPE, increased); and heat-stress (SPE, increased). These findings emerged from assessment of enzyme activity in hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens (NAc) periaqueductal gray (PAG), pituitary, striatum, substantia nigra (SN), VTA, spinal cord. Viewing the role of SPE in morphine tolerance, it was possible to note regional differences with a decrease in PAG, and striatum, whereas an increase was seen in SN, and VTA. After heat-stress treatment, SPE was raised in several regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, diencephalon, cerebellum, spinal cord), and the most precise observation of this was located to the hippocampus structure.
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