| 1. |
- Bécoulet, A., et al.
(author)
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Science and technology research and development in support to ITER and the Broader Approach at CEA
- 2013
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In parallel to the direct contribution to the procurement phase of ITER and Broader Approach, CEA has initiated research & development programmes, accompanied by experiments together with a significant modelling effort, aimed at ensuring robust operation, plasma performance, as well as mitigating the risks of the procurement phase. This overview reports the latest progress in both fusion science and technology including many areas, namely the mitigation of superconducting magnet quenches, disruption-generated runaway electrons, edge-localized modes (ELMs), the development of imaging surveillance, and heating and current drive systems for steady-state operation. The WEST (W Environment for Steady-state Tokamaks) project, turning Tore Supra into an actively cooled W-divertor platform open to the ITER partners and industries, is presented.
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| 2. |
- Romanelli, F, et al.
(author)
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Overview of the JET results
- 2011
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 51:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since the last IAEA Conference JET has been in operation for one year with a programmatic focus on the qualification of ITER operating scenarios, the consolidation of ITER design choices and preparation for plasma operation with the ITER-like wall presently being installed in JET. Good progress has been achieved, including stationary ELMy H-mode operation at 4.5 MA. The high confinement hybrid scenario has been extended to high triangularity, lower ρ*and to pulse lengths comparable to the resistive time. The steady-state scenario has also been extended to lower ρ*and ν*and optimized to simultaneously achieve, under stationary conditions, ITER-like values of all other relevant normalized parameters. A dedicated helium campaign has allowed key aspects of plasma control and H-mode operation for the ITER non-activated phase to be evaluated. Effective sawtooth control by fast ions has been demonstrated with3He minority ICRH, a scenario with negligible minority current drive. Edge localized mode (ELM) control studies using external n = 1 and n = 2 perturbation fields have found a resonance effect in ELM frequency for specific q95values. Complete ELM suppression has, however, not been observed, even with an edge Chirikov parameter larger than 1. Pellet ELM pacing has been demonstrated and the minimum pellet size needed to trigger an ELM has been estimated. For both natural and mitigated ELMs a broadening of the divertor ELM-wetted area with increasing ELM size has been found. In disruption studies with massive gas injection up to 50% of the thermal energy could be radiated before, and 20% during, the thermal quench. Halo currents could be reduced by 60% and, using argon/deuterium and neon/deuterium gas mixtures, runaway electron generation could be avoided. Most objectives of the ITER-like ICRH antenna have been demonstrated; matching with closely packed straps, ELM resilience, scattering matrix arc detection and operation at high power density (6.2 MW m-2) and antenna strap voltages (42 kV). Coupling measurements are in very good agreement with TOPICA modelling. © 2011 IAEA, Vienna.
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| 3. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(author)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 4. |
- Ferrario, M., et al.
(author)
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IRIDE : Interdisciplinary research infrastructure based on dual electron linacs and lasers
- 2014
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 740, s. 138-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes the scientific aims and potentials as well as the preliminary technical design of RUDE, an innovative tool for multi-disciplinary investigations in a wide field of scientific, technological and industrial applications. IRIDE will be a high intensity "particles factory", based on a combination of high duty cycle radio-frequency superconducting electron linacs and of high energy lasers. Conceived to provide unique research possibilities for particle physics, for condensed matter physics, chemistry and material science, for structural biology and industrial applications, IRIDE will open completely new research possibilities and advance our knowledge in many branches of science and technology. [RIDE is also supposed to be realized in subsequent stages of development depending on the assigned priorities.
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| 5. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(author)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 6. |
- Bursill, D., et al.
(author)
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Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) consensus statement regarding labels and definitions of disease states of gout
- 2019
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 78:11, s. 1592-1600
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective There is a lack of standardisation in the terminology used to describe gout. The aim of this project was to develop a consensus statement describing the recommended nomenclature for disease states of gout. Methods A content analysis of gout-related articles from rheumatology and general internal medicine journals published over a 5-year period identified potential disease states and the labels commonly assigned to them. Based on these findings, experts in gout were invited to participate in a Delphi exercise and face-to-face consensus meeting to reach agreement on disease state labels and definitions. Results The content analysis identified 13 unique disease states and a total of 63 unique labels. The Delphi exercise (n=76 respondents) and face-to-face meeting (n=35 attendees) established consensus agreement for eight disease state labels and definitions. The agreed labels were as follows: 'asymptomatic hyperuricaemia', 'asymptomatic monosodium urate crystal deposition', 'asymptomatic hyperuricaemia with monosodium urate crystal deposition', 'gout', 'tophaceous gout', 'erosive gout', 'first gout flare' and 'recurrent gout flares'. There was consensus agreement that the label 'gout' should be restricted to current or prior clinically evident disease caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition (gout flare, chronic gouty arthritis or subcutaneous tophus). Conclusion Consensus agreement has been established for the labels and definitions of eight gout disease states, including 'gout' itself. The Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network recommends the use of these labels when describing disease states of gout in research and clinical practice.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Imbeaux, F., et al.
(author)
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A generic data structure for integrated modelling of tokamak physics and subsystems
- 2010
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In: Computer Physics Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-4655. ; 181:6, s. 987-998
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Integrated Tokamak Modelling Task Force (ITM-TF) is developing a new type of fully modular and flexible integrated tokamak simulator, which will allow a large variety of simulation types This ambitious goal requires new concepts of data structure and workflow organisation, which are described for the first time in this paper The backbone of the system is a physics- and workflow-oriented data structure which allows for the deployment of a fully modular and flexible workflow organisation. The data structure is designed to be generic for any tokamak device and can be used to address physics simulation results, experimental data (including description of subsystem hardware) and engineering issues (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved
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| 9. |
- Issa, F., et al.
(author)
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4H-SiC neutron sensors based on ion implanted 10B neutron converter layer
- 2015
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In: 2015 4th International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods and their Applications, ANIMMA 2015. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781479999187
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the framework of the I-SMART project the main aim is to develop an innovative complete radiation detection system based on silicon carbide technology in view to detect neutrons (thermal and fast) and photons for harsh environments. In the present work two geometries have been realized based on ion implantation of boron. In the first geometry, 10B ions have been implanted into the Al metallic contact of a p-n diode to create the neutron converter layer. In the second geometry one single process has been used to realize both the p+-layer and the neutron converter layer. The technological processes followed to fabricate these detectors, with a study of their electrical behavior and their responses under thermal neutron irradiations are addressed in this paper.
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| 10. |
- Issa, F., et al.
(author)
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Improvements in Realizing 4H-SiC Thermal Neutron Detectors
- 2016
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In: ISRD 15 - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REACTOR DOSIMETRY. - : EDP Sciences. - 9782759819294
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work we presented two types of 4H-SiC semiconductor detectors (D1 and D2) both based on ion implantation of B-10 inside the aluminum metallic contact. The first detector shows a high leakage current after the implantation and low signal to noise ratio. However, improvements concerning the implantation parameters and the distance between the implanted B-10 thermal neutron converter layer and the active pn-junction have led to low leakage current and thus to higher signal to noise ratio. This proves the strength of this new method of realizing sensitive SiC-based thermal neutron detectors.
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| 11. |
- Issa, F., et al.
(author)
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Nuclear radiation detectors based on 4H-SiC p+-n junction
- 2014
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In: 15th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, ICSCRM 2013. - 9783038350101 ; , s. 1046-1049
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Silicon carbide (SiC) radiation detectors were realized by 10B implantation into the metal contact in order to avoid implantation-related defects within the sensitive area of the 4H-SiC pn junction. No post implantation annealing was performed. Such detectors respond to thermal neutrons showing consistent counting rates as function of external reverse bias voltages and radiation intensity.
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| 12. |
- Issa, F., et al.
(author)
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Radiation silicon carbide detectors based on ion implantation of boron
- 2014
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 61:4, s. 2105-2111
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Radiation detectors based on radiation-hardened semiconductor such as silicon carbide (SiC), have received considerable attention in many applications such as in outer space, high energy physics experiments, gas and oil prospection, and nuclear reactors. In the frame work of the European project I-SMART (Innovative Sensor for Material Ageing and Radiation Testing), we demonstrated for the first time the reliability of thermal neutron detectors realized by standard ion implantation of boron atoms to form a neutron converter layer (NCL). Two types of detectors were realized; the first was implanted by aluminum to create the p+ - layer, and then implanted by boron ( 10 B) to realize the NCL. The second type was based on p+ - layer, and was implanted by 10B into the aluminum metallic contact in order to avoid implantation-related defect within the sensitive area. Both kinds of detectors reveal to respond to thermal neutrons and gamma rays, showing consistent counting rates as a function of bias voltages, radiation intensity and type of shielding.
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| 13. |
- Issa, F., et al.
(author)
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Radiation silicon carbide detectors based on ion implantation of boron
- 2013
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In: 2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications, ANIMMA 2013. - : IEEE. - 9781479910472 ; , s. 6727997-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Radiation detectors based on radiation-hardened semiconductor such as silicon carbide (SiC), have received considerable attention in many applications such as in outer space, high energy physics experiments, gas and oil prospection, and nuclear reactors. For the first time it was demonstrated the reliability of thermal neutron detectors realized by standard ion implantation of boron layer as a neutron converter layer. Moreover, these detectors respond to thermal neutrons and gamma rays showing different counting rates at different voltages and under different types of shielding.
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| 14. |
- Issa, F., et al.
(author)
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Study of the stability of 4H-SiC detectors by thermal neutron irradiation
- 2015
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In: European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, ECSCRM 2014. - : Trans Tech Publications Inc.. - 9783038354789 ; , s. 875-878
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two types of 4H-SiC semiconductor detectors (D1 and D2) are realized based on ion implantation of10B inside the aluminum metallic contact. The first detector shows a high leakage current after10B implantation and low signal to noise ratio. However, improvements concerning the implantation parameters led to lower leakage current and thus to higher signal to noise ratio. Moreover such detectors show their stability under different thermal neutron fluxes showing the reproducible features of the pulse height spectra and same electrical behaviour before and after irradiation. Some of future using and interesting applications of such SiC detector devices -for non-charged particles (photons and/or neutrons) are expected in the frame of non-destructive assays, nuclear reactor monitoring, safeguards, oil and gas prospection [1,2]
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Percetti, M., et al.
(author)
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TWNK in Parkinson's Disease: A Movement Disorder and Mitochondrial Disease Center Perspective Study
- 2022
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In: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 37:9, s. 1938-1943
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Parkinsonian features have been described in patients harboring variants in nuclear genes encoding for proteins involved in mitochondrial DNA maintenance, such as TWNK. Objectives The aim was to screen for TWNK variants in an Italian cohort of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and to assess the occurrence of parkinsonism in patients presenting with TWNK-related autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (TWNK-adPEO). Methods Genomic DNA of 263 consecutively collected PD patients who underwent diagnostic genetic testing was analyzed with a targeted custom gene panel including TWNK, as well as genes causative of monogenic PD. Genetic and clinical data of 18 TWNK-adPEO patients with parkinsonism were retrospectively analyzed. Results Six of 263 PD patients (2%), presenting either with isolated PD (n = 4) or in combination with bilateral ptosis (n = 2), carried TWNK likely pathogenic variants. Among 18 TWNK-adPEO patients, 5 (28%) had parkinsonism. Conclusions We show candidate TWNK variants occurring in PD without PEO. This finding will require further confirmatory studies. (c) 2022 Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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| 17. |
- Vervisch, V., et al.
(author)
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Nuclear radiation detector based on ion implanted p-n junction in 4H-SiC
- 2013
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In: 2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications, ANIMMA 2013. - : IEEE. - 9781479910472 ; , s. 6728002-
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a new device detector based on ion implanted p-n junction in 4H-SiC for nuclear instrumentation. We showed the interest to use 10Boron as a Neutron Converter Layer in order to detect thermal neutrons. We present the main results obtained during irradiation tests performed in the Belgian Reactor 1. We show the capability of our detector by means of first results of the detector response at different reverse voltage biases and at different reactor power.
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| 18. |
- Vervisch, Vanessa, et al.
(author)
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Thermal neutron detection enhancement by 10B implantation in silicon carbide sensor
- 2014
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In: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to propose the enhancement of device detectors based on p-n junction in 4H-SiC for nuclear instrumentation. Particular emphasis is placed on the interest on using Boron isotope 10 as a Neutron Converter Layer in order to detect thermal neutrons. Here, we present the main results obtained during several irradiation tests performed in the Belgian Reactor 1 (BR1). We show the capability of our detectors by means of first results of the detector response at different reverse voltage biases and at different reactor power.
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| 19. |
- Biedron, Sandra G., et al.
(author)
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Evolution of transverse modes in a high-gain free-electron laser
- 2004
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In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 528:1-2, s. 443-447
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- At the point of saturation in a high-gain free-electron laser (FEL) the light is fully transversely coherent. The number and evolution of the transverse modes is important for the effective tune-up and subsequent operation of FELs based on the photon beam characterization and in designing multi-module devices that rely on relatively stable saturation distances in each module. In the latter, this is particularly critical since each section will seed another module. Overall, in a single- or multi-module device, experimental users will desire stability in power and in photon beam quality. Using a numerical simulation code, the evolution of the transverse modes in the high-gain free-electron laser (FEL) is examined and is discussed. In addition, the transverse modes in the first few higher nonlinear harmonics are investigated.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Storlazzi, CT, et al.
(author)
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A novel chromosomal translocation t(3;7)(q26;q21) in myeloid leukemia resulting in overexpression of EVI1
- 2004
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In: Annals of Hematology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0584 .- 0939-5555. ; 83:2, s. 78-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The EVI1 proto-oncogene encodes a nuclear zinc finger protein that acts as a transcription repressor factor. In myeloid leukemia it is often activated by chromosomal rearrangements involving band 3q26, where the gene has been mapped. Here we report two leukemia cases [a chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis (CML-BC) and an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M4] showing a t(3;7)(q26;q21) translocation in a balanced and unbalanced form, respectively. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that both patients showed a breakpoint on chromosome 3 inside the clone RP11-33A1 containing the EVI1 oncogene and, on chromosome 7, inside the clone RP11-322M5, partially containing the CDK6 oncogene which is a D cyclin-dependent kinase gene, observed to be overexpressed and disrupted in many hematological malignancies. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed overexpression of EVI1 in both cases, but excluded the presence of any CDK6/EVI1 fusion transcript. CDK6 expression was also detected. Together, these data indicate that EVI1 activation is likely due not to the generation of a novel fusion gene with CDK6 but to a position effect dysregulating its transcriptional pattern.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Vomiero, Alberto, et al.
(author)
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Structural properties of reactively sputtered W-Si-N thin films
- 2007
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In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 102:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tungsten-silicon-nitrogen, W-Si-N, ternary thin films have been reactively sputter deposited from W5 Si3 and W Si2 targets using several nitrogen partial pressures. The films have been thermal annealed in the 600-1000 °C temperature range and a wide region of the W-Si-N ternary phase diagram has been explored by changing the N2 Ar ratio during the deposition. Multitechnique approach was adopted for the analysis of the samples. Composition has been determined via ion beam analysis; chemical states were investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); crystalline structure was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface morphology by scanning electron microscope. The films deposited in pure argon atmosphere are tungsten rich and approach the target contents as N2 Ar ratio is varied during deposition. Tungsten enrichment in the films is caused by resputtering of silicon which can be inhibited by the formation of silicon nitride, allowing films with SiW ratio closer to the target compositions. The higher capability to form nitrides with silicon than with tungsten favors enhancement of nitrogen content in samples deposited from the silicon rich target (W Si2). The samples with excess nitrogen content have shown losses of this element after thermal treatment. XPS measurements show a break of W-N bonds caused by thermal instability of tungsten nitrides. TEM and XRD revealed the segregation of tungsten in form of metallic or silicide nanoclusters in samples with low nitrogen content (W58 Si21 N21 and W24 Si42 N34). High amounts of nitrogen were revealed to be highly effective in inhibiting metallic cluster coalescence. Measurements of electrical resistivity of as deposited films were performed using four point probe technique. They were found to lie in the range between 0.4 and 79 m cm depending on sample composition. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.
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