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- Thelander, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Så som diskursmarkör : Så as a discourse marker
- 2005
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Ingår i: Språk & Stil. - 1101-1165. ; 15 NF
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is a study of the Swedish adverb så (so, thus, such, how, then, and, etc) as a discourse marker. In addition to this function, the particle has many other functions and occurs in most syntactic positions within and before clauses. Så can act as an adverb of manner and comparison. As a connective it acts as an adverb communicating a sequence of events or a consecutive relation. It is also used as a consecutive subjunction or conjunction, and in some instances as an episode-closing interjection. Så co-occurs quite often with different kinds of intermezzos in communica-tive projects (CP). It is a resource for a speaker connecting back to a project which has been interrupted, continuing it, opening up for the closure of the project and also closing down a sequence or an activity. All the uses of så described above pre-suppose some correlate in the preceding context, and they all belong to a discour-se unit or a CP. This constitutes their outer syntax. There is a division of labour between the different kinds of så as a discourse marker. If a speaker wishes to mark that a digression has come to an end and the speaker aims at continuing the foregoing sequence, he/she can indicate this with a resumption marker such as men iallafall (anyway) followed by så. The investigation has as a result that the three main syntactic positions which discourse marker så occurs in are systematically linked to three different discourse functions. 1.så + clausal core. Så in the front field followed by the finite verb con-tinues with the ongoing project, prosodically unmarked and integrated in the intonation unit. 2.så + clause. Så in the pre-front field is a conjunction commenting, summing up or reformulating, prosodically unmarked and integrated into the unit it preseeds. Both 1, the furthering så, and 2, resultative så, tie new units to earlier ones and can also bridge some kind of interactional gap, e.g. a parenthesis or a side sequence. 1. is thus continuing a discourse unit and 2. is summing up or drawing a conclusion and at the same time helping to open up for the closing of the sequence. 3.Så as a single word utterance marks the end of a sequence or an activi-ty. In this function another turn-constructional unit can follow it, but even then it constitutes a separate TCU of its own. There is also a division of labour between different kinds of prosodic shapes for så. The adverbial and the conjunctional forms of så are the prosodically un-marked forms. The former also appears with prolongation on both the sibilant and the vowel or only on one of the segments. When this happens så can be said to be used for planning what will follow. It signals that the speaker is willing or aims to continue talking. In this use så is turn-holding through its projecting for-ce. The one-word-utterance så is prosodically marked: stressed, with up-step on the intonation contour and is often produced with some glottalization. The article also includes a lengthy discussion of what is referred to as ad-junctional så, and possible positions in a turn constructional scheme are shown to explain the common occurrence of and interactional need for så after pre-beginning elements.
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