| 1. |
- Mölstad, Sigvard, et al.
(författare)
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Sustained reduction of antibiotic use and low bacterial resistance : 10-year follow-up of the Swedish Strama programme
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - : Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 8:2, s. 125-132
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing use of antibiotics and the spread of resistant pneumococcal clones in the early 1990s alarmed the medical profession and medical authorities in Sweden. Strama (Swedish Strategic Programme for the Rational Use of Antimicrobial Agents and Surveillance of Resistance) was therefore started in 1994 to provide surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance, and to implement the rational use of antibiotics and development of new knowledge. Between 1995 and 2004, antibiotic use for outpatients decreased from 15.7 to 12.6 defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day and from 536 to 410 prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants per year. The reduction was most prominent in children aged 5-14 years (52%) and for macrolides (65%). During this period, the number of hospital admissions for acute mastoiditis, rhinosinusitis, and quinsy (peritonsillar abscess) was stable or declining. Although the epidemic spread in southern Sweden of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was curbed, the national frequency increased from 4% to 6%. Resistance remained low in most other bacterial species during this period. This multidisciplinary, coordinated programme has contributed to the reduction of antibiotic use without measurable negative consequences. However, antibiotic resistance in several bacterial species is slowly increasing, which has led to calls for continued sustained efforts to preserve the effectiveness of available antibiotics.
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| 2. |
- Sedimbi, S. K., et al.
(författare)
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SUMO4 M55V polymorphism affects susceptibility to type I diabetes in HLA DR3- and DR4-positive Swedish patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: Genes Immun. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 8:6, s. 518-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SUMO4 M55V, located in IDDM5, has been a focus for debate because of its association to type I diabetes (TIDM) in Asians but not in Caucasians. The current study aims to test the significance of M55V association to TIDM in a large cohort of Swedish Caucasians, and to test whether M55V is associated in those carrying human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules. A total of 673 TIDM patients and 535 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. PCR-RFLP was performed to identify the genotype and allele variations. Our data suggest that SUMO4 M55V is not associated with susceptibility to TIDM by itself. When we stratified our patients and controls based on heterozygosity for HLA-DR3/DR4 and SUMO4 genotypes, we found that presence of SUMO4 GG increased further the relative risk conferred by HLA-DR3/DR4 to TIDM, whereas SUMO4 AA decreased the risk. From the current study, we conclude that SUMO4 M55V is associated with TIDM in association with high-risk HLA-DR3 and DR4, but not by itself.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Babiuc, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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Constraint-preserving Sommerfeld conditions for the harmonic Einstein equations
- 2007
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW D. - 1550-7998. ; 75:4, s. 044002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The principle part of Einstein equations in the harmonic gauge consists of a constrained system of 10 curved space wave equations for the components of the space-time metric. A new formulation of constraint-preserving boundary conditions of the Sommerfeld-type for such systems has recently been proposed. We implement these boundary conditions in a nonlinear 3D evolution code and test their accuracy.
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| 7. |
- Lee, Myeong H., et al.
(författare)
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Crystal structure, electronic structure, and vibrational properties of MAlSiH (M=Ca,Sr,Ba) : Hydrogenation-induced semiconductors from the AlB2-type alloys MAlSi
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 78:19, s. 195209-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superconducting AlB2-type silicides CaAlSi, SrAlSi, and BaAlSi (MAlSi) absorb hydrogen and form semiconducting monohydrides where hydrogen is exclusively attached to Al. This induces a metal-nonmetal transition which is accompanied with only a minor rearrangement of the metal atoms. We report the synthesis and structure determination of CaAlSiH and BaAlSiH as well as a first-principles study of the electronic structure and vibrational property changes associated with the metal-nonmetal transition. We find that incorporation of H in MAlSi removes the partly occupied antibonding pi(*) band responsible for metallic behavior and turns it into an energetically low-lying Al-H bonding band. The fully occupied bonding pi band in MAlSi changes to a weakly dispersed band with Si p(z) (lone-pair) character in the hydrides, which becomes located below the Fermi level. The soft phonon mode in MAlSi pivotal for the superconducting properties stiffens considerably in the hydride. This mode is associated with the out-of-plane Al-Si vibration and is most affected by the formation of the Al-H bond. The mode of the Al-Si in-plane vibration, however, is unaffected, indicating that the Al-Si bond is equally strong in the metallic precursor and the semiconducting hydride. Al-H modes for MAlSiH are weakly dispersed. The frequencies of the stretching mode are around 1200 cm(-1) and virtually invariant to the M environment, indicating a covalent but weak Al-H interaction, which is interpreted as a dative bond from hydridic hydrogen to Al [Al <- H1-].
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| 8. |
- Lindehammer, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal trends of HLA genotype frequencies of type 1 diabetes patients in Sweden from 1986 to 2005 suggest altered risk
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 45:4, s. 231-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes in 1-18-year-old patients with type 1 diabetes newly diagnosed in 1986-1987 (n = 430), 1996-2000 (n = 342) and in 2003-2005 (n = 171). We tested the hypothesis that the HLA DQ genotype distribution changes over time. Swedish type 1 diabetes patients and controls were typed for HLA using polymerase chain reaction amplification and allele specific probes for DQ A1* and B1* alleles. The most common type 1 diabetes HLA DQA1*-B1*genotype 0501-0201/0301-0302 was 36% (153/430) in 1986-1987 and 37% (127/342) in 1996-2000, but decreased to 19% (33/171) in 2003-2005 (P \ 0.0001). The 0501-0201/0501-0201 genotype increased from 1% in 1986-1987 to 7% in 1996-2000 (P = 0.0047) and to 5% in 2003-2005 (P > 0.05). This study in 1-18-year-old Swedish type 1 diabetes patients supports the notion that there is a temporal change in HLA risk.
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| 11. |
- Savelli, L., et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of gynecological disease (4): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of struma ovarii
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1469-0705 .- 0960-7692. ; 32:2, s. 210-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To describe the clinical history and ultrasound findings in women with struma ovarii. Methods Women with a histological diagnosis of struma ovarii who bad undergone preoperative ultrasound examination were identified front the databases of five ultrasound centers. The tumors were characterized on the basis of ultrasound images,, ultrasound reports and research protocols (when applicable) using the terms and definitions of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group. In addition, four authors reviewed all ultrasound images and described them using pattern recognition. Results Of 31 patients identified, 16 bad pure struma ovarii (one malignant), whereas in 15 patients the struma ovarii were 'impure', constituting the major part of a dermoid cyst (all benign, bilateral in one case). Median age was 40 (range, 18-80) years and 22 (71%) patients were of fertile age. Thirteen patients (42%) were asymptomatic, nine (29%) presented with pain, six (19%) with bloating, two (6%) with irregular bleeding and one (3%) with thyreotoxicosis. Most pure struma ovarii (11/16 cases, 69%) contained solid components, but cystic components were always present. The color content at Doppler examination varied front none to abundant. Four patients had ascites. Using pattern recognition the most specific feature of pure struma ovarii was the 'struma pearl', i.e. a smooth roundish solid area, similar, but not identical, to the 'round white ball' seen in dermoid cysts. 'Struma pearls' were present in six cases of Pure struma ovarii. Most (10116, 63%) cases of impure struma ovarii manifested ultrasound features compatible with a dermoid cyst, but six manifested ultrasound features similar to those of pure struma ovarii, 'struma pearls' being seen in three of these. Conclusions The sonographic features of struma ovarii vary. Struma ovarii may be suspected when a 'struma pearl' is seen. Whether 'struma pearls' are indeed a specific ultrasonographic feature of struma ovarii needs to be determined in a prospective study. Copyright (C) 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 12. |
- Wiltfang, J., et al.
(författare)
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Consensus Paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers of Dementia : The role of CSF and blood analysis in the early and differential diagnosis of dementia
- 2009
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Ingår i: Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica. - 0101-6083. ; 36, s. 1-16
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging of population, and increasing life expectancy result in an increasing number of patients with dementia. This symptom can be a part of a completely curable disease of the central nervous system (e.g, neuroinflammation), or a disease currently considered irreversible (e.g, Alzheimer's disease, AD). In the latter case, several potentially successful treatment approaches are being tested now, demanding reasonable standards of pre-mortem diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum analysis (CSF/serum analysis), whereas routinely performed in neuroinflammatory diseases, still requires standardization to be used as an aid to the clinically based diagnosis of AD. Several AD-related CSF parameters (total tau, phosphorylated forms of tau, A beta peptides, ApoE genotype, p97, etc.) tested separately or in a combination provide sensitivity and specificity in the range of 85%, the figure commonly expected from a good diagnostic tool. In this review, recently published reports regarding progress in neurochemical pre-mortem diagnosis of dementias are discussed with a focus on an early and differential diagnosis of AD. Novel perspectives offered by recently introduced technologies, e.g, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) are briefly discussed.
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| 13. |
- Wiltfang, J, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers of Dementia: the role of CSF and blood analysis in the early and differential diagnosis of dementia.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1562-2975. ; 6:2, s. 69-84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging of population, and increasing life expectancy result in an increasing number of patients with dementia. This symptom can be a part of a completely curable disease of the central nervous system (e.g, neuroinflammation), or a disease currently considered irreversible (e.g, Alzheimer's disease, AD). In the latter case, several potentially successful treatment approaches are being tested now, demanding reasonable standards of pre-mortem diagnosis. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum analysis (CSF/serum analysis), whereas routinely performed in neuroinflammatory diseases, still requires standardization to be used as an aid to the clinically based diagnosis of AD. Several AD-related CSF parameters (total tau, phosphorylated forms of tau, Abeta peptides, ApoE genotype, p97, etc.) tested separately or in a combination provide sensitivity and specificity in the range of 85%, the figure commonly expected from a good diagnostic tool. In this review, recently published reports regarding progress in neurochemical pre-mortem diagnosis of dementias are discussed with a focus on an early and differential diagnosis of AD. Novel perspectives offered by recently introduced technologies, e.g, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) are briefly discussed.
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