| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Torfinn, et al.
(författare)
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Authors' response
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 68:3, s. 1086-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Torfinn, et al.
(författare)
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The utility of histology in assessing the cause of death in medico-legal autopsies in selected trauma deaths : suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 68:2, s. 509-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of a medico-legal autopsy is primarily to determine the cause and manner of death. To this end, the pathologist often uses auxiliary analyses, including histology. However, the utility of routine histology in all medico-legal autopsies is unknown. Earlier studies on the utility of routine histology have shown inconsistent effects, with some studies recommending it and others rejecting it. To study the degree to which histology informs on the underlying cause of death, we sent autopsy reports from suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related deaths to senior board-certified forensic pathologists and had them assess the cause of death, first without knowledge of the histological findings and then with knowledge thereof. Fifty cases were identified in each of four subgroups: fire-, immersion-, suspension-, and traffic-related deaths. The autopsy reports were anonymized, and the histological findings and conclusions were removed. Two board-certified forensic pathologists independently reviewed the reports in each subgroup and assessed the manner and underlying cause of death (including their certainty of this assessment on a five-level scale) with and without access to histological findings. The probability of changing the underlying cause of death posthistology was low in all study groups. There was a slight increase in the degree of certainty posthistology in cases where the underlying cause of death was not changed, but only when the antehistology certainty was low. Our results suggest that histology does not meaningfully inform on the underlying cause of death in suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related deaths except when antehistology certainty is low.
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| 4. |
- Jans, Anders, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of the DSS-Swe Questionnaire
- 2023
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Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 33:11, s. 3487-3493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Symptomatic postbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is a known complication that can occur a few years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). There is currently no established rating scale for PBH-associated symptoms developed for use in Swedish populations. The aim of the study was to translate an already existing questionnaire into Swedish and to test its reliability.METHODS: The study included forward and backward translations of the original Dumping Severity Scale (DSS) questionnaire with 8 items regarding symptoms of early dumping and 6 items regarding hypoglycemia, with each item graded on a 4-point Likert scale. The reliability of the Swedish translated questionnaire (DSS-Swe) was estimated using internal consistency and test-retest methods.RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. Good internal consistency was demonstrated regarding the items related to early dumping symptoms, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82, and very good agreement in terms of test-retest reliability, with an overall intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.91 (95% CI 0.88-0.93). The items related to hypoglycemia yielded a good Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.76 and an ICC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.85-0.91).CONCLUSION: The DSS-Swe questionnaire shows good reliability regarding both internal consistency and test-retest performance for use in Swedish populations.
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| 5. |
- Stenberg, Erik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Closure of Mesenteric Defects in Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Surgery : A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: JAMA Surgery. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6254 .- 2168-6262. ; 158:7, s. 709-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Short-term and midterm data suggest that mesenteric defects closure during laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) surgery reduces the risk of internal herniation with small bowel obstruction (SBO) but may increase risk of kinking of the jejunojejunostomy in the early postoperative period. However, to our knowledge, there are no clinical trials reporting long-term results from this intervention in terms of risk for SBO or opioid use.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of closure of mesenteric defects during LRYGB.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized clinical trial with a 2-arm, parallel, open-label design included patients with severe obesity scheduled for LRYGB bariatric surgery at 12 centers in Sweden from May 1, 2010, through November 14, 2011, with 10 years of follow-up after the intervention. INTERVENTIONS: During the operation, patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to closure of mesenteric defects beneath the jejunojejunostomy and at the Petersen space using nonabsorbable running sutures during LRYGB or to nonclosure.MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was reoperation for SBO. New incident, chronic opioid use was a secondary end point as a measure of harm.RESULTS: A total of 2507 patients (mean [SD] age, 41.7 [10.7] years; 1863 female [74.3%]) were randomly assigned to closure of mesenteric defects (n = 1259) or nonclosure (n = 1248). After censoring for death and emigration, 1193 patients in the closure group (94.8%) and 1198 in the nonclosure group (96.0%) were followed up until the study closed. Over a median follow-up of 10 years (IQR, 10.0-10.0 years), a reoperation for SBO from day 31 to 10 years after surgery was performed in 185 patients with nonclosure (10-year cumulative incidence, 14.9%; 95% CI, 13.0%-16.9%) and in 98 patients with closure (10-year cumulative incidence, 7.8%; 95% CI, 6.4%-9.4%) (subhazard ratio [SHR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.32-0.55). New incident chronic opioid use was seen among 175 of 863 opioid-naive patients with nonclosure (10-year cumulative incidence, 20.4%; 95% CI, 17.7%-23.0%) and 166 of 895 opioid-naive patients with closure (10-year cumulative incidence, 18.7%; 95% CI, 16.2%-21.3%) (SHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.73-1.11).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This randomized clinical trial found long-term reduced risk of SBO after mesenteric defects closure in LRYGB. The findings suggest that routine use of this procedure during LRYGB should be considered.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01137201.
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| 6. |
- Chi, Jinshu, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing contribution of peatlands to boreal evapotranspiration in a warming climate
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 10, s. 555-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate warming increases evapotranspiration (ET) more in boreal peatlands than in forests. Observations show that peatland ET can exceed forest ET by up to 30%, indicating a stronger warming response in peatlands. Earth system models do not fully account for peatlands and hence may underestimate future boreal ET.The response of evapotranspiration (ET) to warming is of critical importance to the water and carbon cycle of the boreal biome, a mosaic of land cover types dominated by forests and peatlands. The effect of warming-induced vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increases on boreal ET remains poorly understood because peatlands are not specifically represented as plant functional types in Earth system models. Here we show that peatland ET increases more than forest ET with increasing VPD using observations from 95 eddy covariance tower sites. At high VPD of more than 2 kPa, peatland ET exceeds forest ET by up to 30%. Future (2091-2100) mid-growing season peatland ET is estimated to exceed forest ET by over 20% in about one-third of the boreal biome for RCP4.5 and about two-thirds for RCP8.5. Peatland-specific ET responses to VPD should therefore be included in Earth system models to avoid biases in water and carbon cycle projections.
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| 7. |
- Chi, Jinshu, et al.
(författare)
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The Net Landscape Carbon Balance—Integrating terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes in a managed boreal forest landscape in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:4, s. 2353-2367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The boreal biome exchanges large amounts of carbon (C) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) with the atmosphere and thus significantly affects the global climate. A managed boreal landscape consists of various sinks and sources of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC) across forests, mires, lakes, and streams. Due to the spatial heterogeneity, large uncertainties exist regarding the net landscape carbon balance (NLCB). In this study, we compiled terrestrial and aquatic fluxes of CO2, CH4, DOC, DIC, and harvested C obtained from tall-tower eddy covariance measurements, stream monitoring, and remote sensing of biomass stocks for an entire boreal catchment (~68 km2) in Sweden to estimate the NLCB across the land–water–atmosphere continuum. Our results showed that this managed boreal forest landscape was a net C sink (NLCB = 39 g C m−2 year−1) with the landscape–atmosphere CO2 exchange being the dominant component, followed by the C export via harvest and streams. Accounting for the global warming potential of CH4, the landscape was a GHG sink of 237 g CO2-eq m−2 year−1, thus providing a climate-cooling effect. The CH4 flux contribution to the annual GHG budget increased from 0.6% during spring to 3.2% during winter. The aquatic C loss was most significant during spring contributing 8% to the annual NLCB. We further found that abiotic controls (e.g., air temperature and incoming radiation) regulated the temporal variability of the NLCB whereas land cover types (e.g., mire vs. forest) and management practices (e.g., clear-cutting) determined their spatial variability. Our study advocates the need for integrating terrestrial and aquatic fluxes at the landscape scale based on tall-tower eddy covariance measurements combined with biomass stock and stream monitoring to develop a holistic understanding of the NLCB of managed boreal forest landscapes and to better evaluate their potential for mitigating climate change.
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| 8. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Svampar Fungi
- 2020
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Ingår i: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2020. - 9789187853548 ; , s. 67-88
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Gode, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatbedömning av energilösningar i byggnader - Pilotprojekt för test av verktyget Tidstegen
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Verktyget Tidstegen kan användas för att analysera klimatpåverkan vid val av olika energiåtgärder. Resultaten från verktyget kan med fördel användas som ett komplement till andra beslutsunderlag (ekonomi och innemiljö med mera) när ett bygg- eller fastighetsföretag står inför beslut att genomföra en investering i nybyggnation eller i ändring av en befintlig byggnad. I rapporten beskrivs resultat från fyra olika pilotprojekt som har använt verktyget för att analysera klimatpåverkan av olika energiåtgärder i byggnader. Pilotprojekten har även bidragit till utvecklingen av verktyget genom regelbunden återkoppling. Pilotprojekten har genomförts i tre olika fjärrvärmenät (Linköping, Stockholm Nordvästra samt Stockholm Södra och Centrala). Ett av pilotprojekten har även inkluderat energilösningar med fjärrkyla och två pilotprojekt har omfattat solcellslösningar. Beräkningarna i verktyget Tidstegen bygger på så kallad konsekvensanalys, som innebär att effekterna av en förändrad energianvändning analyseras. Det är alltså bara de anläggningar i energisystemet (el, fjärrvärme, fjärrkyla) som påverkas av den förändrade energianvändningen som ingår i konsekvensanalysen. Verktygets beräkningar bygger på metodik som utvecklats av IVL i flera tidigare forskningsprojekt i samarbete med representanter från bygg-, fastighets- och energibranschen.
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| 10. |
- Guyader, Hugo, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Greenwashing : Teaching from Marketing & Sustainability
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This session is based on the book “Marketing & Sustainability: Why and how sustainability is changing current marketing practices” (Guyader et al. 2020, Studentlitteratur). The authors host a workshop about using the concept of greenwashing in the classroom, and they open for discussion with fellow teachers about teaching marketing with a sustainability approach. The session begins with a short introductory presentation of the book content, with a focus on the practice of greenwashing — before moving-on to a workshop/discussion of greenwashing cases in Sweden.
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| 11. |
- Guyader, Hugo, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Marketing and sustainability : why and how sustainability is changing current marketing practices
- 2020. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book aims to equip business students and marketing practitioners with a thorough understanding of sustainability issues. It uses contemporary cases and useful conceptualizations from recent research to provide a toolbox that help the reader understand how to deliver value to today’s consumers, while considering the well-being of future generations.Marketing & Sustainability raises important questions concerning the impact of (over)consumption, production, distribution, and communication, all key marketing activities, on socio-environmental challenges in the world — such as climate change and natural resource depletion.Servitization, dematerialization of consumption, the emergence of the circular economy paradigm, the platform-based sharing economy paradigm and the use of sharing schemes and platform-based exchanges of existing market goods are all dealt with in this book, which will make a lot of sense for students, marketers and other professionals who are aware of and striving for sustainable growth.
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| 12. |
- Hedberg, Suzanne, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass : A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are widely used bariatric procedures for which comparative efficacy and safety remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To compare perioperative outcomes in SG and RYGB.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this registry-based, multicenter randomized clinical trial (Bypass Equipoise Sleeve Trial), baseline and perioperative data for patients undergoing bariatric surgery from October 6, 2015, to March 31, 2022, were analyzed. Patients were from university, regional, county, and private hospitals in Sweden (n = 20) and Norway (n = 3). Adults (aged ≥18 years) eligible for bariatric surgery with body mass indexes (BMIs; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 35 to 50 were studied.INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic SG or RYGB.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Perioperative complications were analyzed as all adverse events and serious adverse events (Clavien-Dindo grade >IIIb). Ninety-day mortality was also assessed.RESULTS: A total of 1735 of 14 182 eligible patients (12%; 1282 [73.9%] female; mean (SD) age, 42.9 [11.1] years; mean [SD] BMI, 40.8 [3.7]) were included in the study. Patients were randomized and underwent SG (n = 878) or RYGB (n = 857). The mean (SD) operating time was shorter in those undergoing SG vs RYGB (47 [18] vs 68 [25] minutes; P < .001). The median (IQR) postoperative hospital stay was 1 (1-1) day in both groups. The 30-day readmission rate was 3.1% after SG and 4.0% after RYGB (P = .33). There was no 90-day mortality. The 30-day incidence of any adverse event was 40 (4.6%) and 54 (6.3%) in the SG and RYGB groups, respectively (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.47-1.08; P = .11). Corresponding figures for serious adverse events were 15 (1.7%) for the SG group and 23 (2.7%) for the RYGB group (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.33-1.22; P = .19).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This randomized clinical trial of 1735 patients undergoing primary bariatric surgery found that both SG and RYGB were performed with a low perioperative risk without clinically significant differences between groups.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02767505.
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| 13. |
- Hedlund, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Type I IFN system activation in newborns exposed to Ro/SSA and La/SSB autoantibodies in utero
- 2020
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Ingår i: RMD Open. - : BMJ. - 2056-5933. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In utero exposure of the fetus to Ro/La autoantibodies may lead to congenital heart block (CHB). In the mother, these autoantibodies are associated with activation of the type I interferon (IFN)-system. As maternal autoantibodies are transferred to the fetus during pregnancy, we investigated whether the type I IFN-system is activated also in newborns of anti-Ro/La positive mothers, and whether fetal IFN activation is affected by maternal immunomodulatory treatment.METHODS: Blood drawn at birth from anti-Ro/La positive mothers, their newborns and healthy control pairs was separated into plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC were analysed directly or cultured. mRNA expression was analysed by microarrays, cell surface markers by flow cytometry, and IFNα levels by immunoassays.RESULTS: We observed increased expression of IFN-regulated genes and elevated plasma IFNα levels not only in anti-Ro/La positive women, but also in their newborns. CD14+ monocytes of both anti-Ro/La positive mothers and their neonates showed increased expression of Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-1, indicating cellular activation. Notably, the IFN score of neonates born to mothers receiving immunomodulatory treatment was similar to that of controls, despite persistent IFN activation in the mothers. In both maternal and neonatal PBMC, IFNα production was induced when cells were cultured with anti-Ro/La positive plasma.CONCLUSIONS: Ro/La autoantibody-exposed neonates at risk of CHB have signs of an activated immune system with an IFN signature. This study further demonstrates that neonatal cells can produce IFNα when exposed to autoantibody-containing plasma, and that maternal immunomodulatory treatment may diminish the expression of IFN-regulated genes in the fetus.
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| 14. |
- Jans, Anders, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors affecting relapse of type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery in Sweden 2007-2015 : a registry-based cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1550-7289 .- 1878-7533. ; 18:3, s. 305-312
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although a large proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who have undergone metabolic surgery experience initial remission some patients later suffer from relapse. While several factors associated with T2D remission are known, less is known about factors that may influence relapse.OBJECTIVES: To identify possible risk factors for T2D relapse in patients who initially experienced remission.SETTING: Nationwide, registry-based study.METHODS: We conducted a nationwide registry-based retrospective cohort study including all adult patients with T2D and body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 who received primary metabolic surgery with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in Sweden between 2007 and 2015. Patients who achieved complete diabetes remission 2 years after surgery was identified and analyzed. Main outcome measure was postoperative relapse of T2D, defined as reintroduction of diabetes medication.RESULTS: In total, 2090 patients in complete remission at 2 years after surgery were followed for a median of 5.9 years (interquartile range [IQR] 4.3-7.2 years) after surgery. The cumulative T2D relapse rate was 20.1%. Duration of diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.14; P < .001), preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; P = .013), and preoperative insulin treatment (HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.84-3.90; P < .001) were associated with higher rates for relapse, while postoperative weight loss (HR, .93; 95% CI, .91-.96; P < .001), and male sex (HR, .65; 95% CI, .46-.91; P = .012) were associated with lower rates.CONCLUSION: Longer duration of T2D, higher preoperative HbA1C level, less postoperative weight loss, female sex, and insulin treatment prior to surgery are risk factors for T2D relapse after initial remission.
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| 15. |
- Lindroth, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of drought and meteorological forcing on carbon and water fluxes in Nordic forests during the dry summer of 2018
- 2020
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 375:1810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic region was subjected to severe drought in 2018 with a particularly long-lasting and large soil water deficit in Denmark, Southern Sweden and Estonia. Here, we analyse the impact of the drought on carbon and water fluxes in 11 forest ecosystems of different composition: spruce, pine, mixed and deciduous. We assess the impact of drought on fluxes by estimating the difference (anomaly) between year 2018 and a reference year without drought. Unexpectedly, the evaporation was only slightly reduced during 2018 compared to the reference year at two sites while it increased or was nearly unchanged at all other sites. This occurred under a 40 to 60% reduction in mean surface conductance and the concurrent increase in evaporative demand due to the warm and dry weather. The anomaly in the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was 93% explained by a multilinear regression with the anomaly in heterotrophic respiration and the relative precipitation deficit as independent variables. Most of the variation (77%) was explained by the heterotrophic component. Six out of 11 forests reduced their annual NEP with more than 50 g C m(-2)yr(-1)during 2018 as compared to the reference year. The NEP anomaly ranged between -389 and +74 g C m(-2)yr(-1)with a median value of -59 g C m(-2)yr(-1). This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ottosson Frost, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Cystatin C-based equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate do not require race or sex coefficients.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 82:2, s. 162-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation or measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is generally required for optimal treatment of patients. Plasma creatinine has been used for estimation of GFR since 1926 and plasma cystatin C since 1979. The creatinine level is strongly dependent upon muscle mass and as the average muscle mass of dif- ferent populations may vary, creatinine-based GFR-estimating equations have since 1999 used more than 10 different race coefficients to improve the diagnostic performance of such equations. But ‘race’ cannot be determined by biological measurements and is thus an ill-defined biological entity and controversial as it involves self-reporting and social considerations. In contrast, cystatin C-levels are virtually independent of muscular mass and cystatin C-based GFR-estimating equations do not require race coefficients for reliable estimation of GFR. The use of cystatin C-based GFR-estimating equations, alone or in conjunction with creatinine-based GFR-estimating equations, is therefore highly recommended to eliminate the use of race coefficients in estimating GFR. Although sex is a more biology-oriented parameter than race, sex terms may in some cases be controversial, involving self-reporting and social considerations. However, sex terms are not required for adequate estimation of GFR using cystatin C-based equations.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ottosson, Mikael, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Internationell ekonomi
- 2022. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kursläromedel med fokus på hållbarhet och samtidens geopolitiska utmaningar och spänningar.Internationell ekonomi ger förståelse för de mekanismer som styr ekonomin i världen och fångar samtidigt dagens geopolitiska utmaningar och spänningar. Läromedlet riktar sig mot gymnasieskolan och vuxenutbildningen och lyfter fram viktiga historiska skeenden och samband och genom olika perspektiv och synsätt presenteras en nyanserad bild av en komplex värld. Hållbar utveckling är ett centralt tema, vilket betonas i avsnitten om resursfördelning, konsumtion och olika aktörers roll på den globala spelplanen.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ottosson, Mikael, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Value Företagsekonomi 1 Övningsbok
- 2020. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I övningsboken finns ett stort antal uppgifter av varierande typ och svårighetsgrad, som begreppsförståelse, instuderingsfrågor, gruppövningar och datoruppgifter.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Rudebeck, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Flintmining at Södra Sallerups (Sweden)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Prehistoric Flint Mines in Europe. - : Archaeopress. - 9781803272221 - 9781803272214 ; , s. 327-339
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The area in Södra Sallerup is, as far as we know, the only large-scale flint mining area in Sweden. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the flint was mined mainly during the Early Neolithic. It is clear, however, that the flint that was scattered throughout the area by the mining activity was used during later periods, even as late as the Viking and Medieval Periods.The large-scale mining during the Early Neolithic was probably related to the extraction of high-quality flint for the production of point-butted axes. The concentration of these axes to south-west Scania and eastern Zealand points in this direction. However, it would be wrong to assume that the mines were merely ‘axe factories’, motivated by economic reasons only. The very extraction of flint from pits and shafts in the chalk was most probably socially and symbolically significant in itself. The activity was probably an integral part of the Early Neolithic mentality involving extraction of resources from the land on a scale that was not envisioned until the introduction of farming in this part of Scandinavia.
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| 27. |
- Shrigley, Shelby, et al.
(författare)
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Grafts Derived from an α-Synuclein Triplication Patient Mediate Functional Recovery but Develop Disease-Associated Pathology in the 6-OHDA Model of Parkinson's Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Parkinson's Disease. - 1877-718X. ; 11:2, s. 515-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been proposed as an alternative source for cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) and they provide the option of using the patient's own cells. A few studies have investigated transplantation of patient-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons in preclinical models; however, little is known about the long-term integrity and function of grafts derived from patients with PD.OBJECTIVE: To assess the viability and function of DA neuron grafts derived from a patient hiPSC line with an α-synuclein gene triplication (AST18), using a clinical grade human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line (RC17) as a reference control.METHODS: Cells were differentiated into ventral mesencephalic (VM)-patterned DA progenitors using an established GMP protocol. The progenitors were then either terminally differentiated to mature DA neurons in vitro or transplanted into 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats and their survival, maturation, function, and propensity to develop α-synuclein related pathology, were assessed in vivo.RESULTS: Both cell lines generated functional neurons with DA properties in vitro. AST18-derived VM progenitor cells survived transplantation and matured into neuron-rich grafts similar to the RC17 cells. After 24 weeks, both cell lines produced DA-rich grafts that mediated full functional recovery; however, pathological changes were only observed in grafts derived from the α-synuclein triplication patient line.CONCLUSION: This data shows proof-of-principle for survival and functional recovery with familial PD patient-derived cells in the 6-OHDA model of PD. However, signs of slowly developing pathology warrants further investigation before use of autologous grafts in patients.
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| 28. |
- Stenberg, Erik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors determining chance of type 2 diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery : a nationwide cohort study in 8057 Swedish patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2052-4897. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Bariatric and metabolic surgery is an effective treatment option for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Increased knowledge regarding factors associated with diabetes remission is essential in individual decision making and could guide postoperative care. Therefore, we aimed to explore factors known to affect the chance of achieving diabetes remission after bariatric and metabolic surgery and to further investigate the impact of socioeconomic factors.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this nationwide study, we assessed all patients with T2D who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery between 2007 and 2015 in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. Remission was defined as absence of antidiabetic medication for T2D 2 years after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with diabetes remission, with missing data handled by multiple imputations.RESULTS: , mean hemoglobin A1c 59.0±17.33, and 61.7% (n=4970) were women. Two years after surgery, 6211 (77.1%) patients achieved T2D remission. Preoperative insulin treatment (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.30), first-generation immigrant (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.77), duration of T2D (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.90), dyslipidemia (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.81), age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.97), and high glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 0.99) were all associated with lower T2D remission rate. In contrast, residence in a medium-sized (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.61) or small (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.71) town and percentage of total weight loss (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.04) were associated with higher remission rates.CONCLUSION: Among patients with T2D undergoing RYGB surgery, increasing age, HbA1c, and diabetes duration decreased the chance of reaching diabetes remission without cut-offs, while postoperative weight loss demonstrated a positive linear association. In addition, being a first-generation immigrant and living in a large city were socioeconomic factors having a negative association.
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| 29. |
- Sundbom, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Low overall mortality during 10 years of bariatric surgery : nationwide study on 63,469 procedures from the Scandinavian Obesity Registry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1550-7289 .- 1878-7533. ; 16:1, s. 65-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bariatric surgery results in an improvement in quality of life, co-morbid diseases, and an increased life expectancy. However, to obtain these benefits perioperative mortality rates need to be low.Objectives: Evaluate 90-day and 1-year mortality after bariatric surgery in Sweden from 2008 to 2017.Setting: National quality register.Methods: Data on applicable patients from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry, including 63,469 patients (85.1% gastric bypass, 12.5% sleeve gastrectomy, .8% duodenal switch, .5% minor revisions, and 1.1% other procedures), were retrieved and matched to the Cause of Death registry.Results: During the 10-year period, 36 patients died within 90 days, resulting in a .06% overall mortality. The 1-year mortality rate was .19% (n = 111). Both mortality rates decreased over the study period. In a multivariate analysis, depression (odds ratio [OR] 2.38, [95% confidence interval 1.48-3.84]), leakage (OR 9.32 [4.85-17.94]), and thromboembolic events (OR 7.60 [1.63-35.37]) increased mortality risks at both 90 days and 1 year, whereas age (OR 1.03 [1.01-1.06] per increased year of age) and abdominal circumference (OR 1.03 [1.01-1.05] per cm) were also associated with increased mortality at 1 year. The predictive value of the Obesity Surgery Mortality Risk Score was confirmed.Conclusions: The low 90-day and 1-year mortality, .06% and .19%, respectively, demonstrates that bariatric surgery in Sweden is safe. The use of antidepressants and 2 serious postoperative complications were the most significant risk factors for early deaths, while increased age and preoperative abdominal circumference also contributed at 1 year.
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| 30. |
- Zubkins, Martins, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of Ga2O3 thin films by liquid metal target sputtering
- 2023
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Ingår i: Vacuum. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 209, s. 111789-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the deposition of amorphous and crystalline thin films of Ga2O3 by reactive pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering from a liquid gallium target onto fused (f-) quartz and c plane (c-) sapphire sub-strates, where the temperature of the substrate is varied from room temperature (RT) to 800 degrees C. The deposition rate (up to 37 nm/min at RT on f-quartz and 5 nm/min at 800 degrees C on c-sapphire) is two to five times higher than the data given in the literature for radio frequency sputtering. Deposited onto unheated substrates, the films are X-ray amorphous. Well-defined X-ray diffraction peaks of 13-Ga2O3 start to appear at a substrate temperature of 500 degrees C. Films grown on c-sapphire at temperatures above 600 degrees C are epitaxial. However, the high rocking curve full width at half maximum values of X2.4-2.5 degrees are indicative of the presence of defects. A dense and void-free microstructure is observed in electron microscopy images. Composition analysis show stoichiometry close to Ga2O3 and no traces of impurities. The optical properties of low absorptance (<1%) in the visible range and an optical band gap of approximately 5 eV are consistent with the data in the literature for Ga2O3 films produced by other deposition methods.
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