| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Cromdal, Jakob, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Footing in bilingual play
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Sociolinguistics. - : Wiley. - 1360-6441 .- 1467-9841. ; 4:3, s. 435-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Goffman's classic paper (1979), bilingual code-switching was seen as a prototypical device for accomplishing shifts in footing. Yet his work has not informed research on code-switching to any great extent. The present study of primary school children's play interaction in an English-Swedish school setting combines a sequential approach to code-switching with an analysis of footing (cf. Auer 1984), extending prior work in showing that code-switches often involve subtle shifts of footing, both in terms of production formats and participation frameworks. Code-switches were employed as important rhetorical and dramaturgic play devices, e.g. when contextualizing changes of addressee and shifts of frame (e.g. serious, nonserious). In contrast to earlier, often speaker-centered work, reception is discussed in-depth in the present analyses, and it is shown that footings are truly interactional achievements.
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| 3. |
- Molinder, Jakob, 1989-
(författare)
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Interregional Migration, Wages and Labor Market Policy : Essays on the Swedish Model in the Postwar Period
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish model is perceived as a successful framework for combining rapid labor market adjustment with low inequality. Formulated by Gösta Rehn and Rudolf Meidner and implemented from the 1950s, it has been associated with the peak in economic restructuring and interregional migration during the 1960s. However, there is little empirical evidence for this. This thesis consists of an introduction and four essays. It explores three aspects of the model from a long-run perspective: interregional migration, wage dispersion and labor market policy.Essay I uses new data to track interregional migration rates in the postwar period (1945-1985). The results show that the responsiveness of interregional migration to local labor market conditions remained stable over time; it was neither higher during the 1960s nor lower when migration declined after 1970.Essay II employs a regression-decomposition framework to analyze the evolution of wage dispersion. The results suggest that wage dispersion was stable from centralized bargaining’s introduction in 1956 to the late 1960s. Afterwards, there was a rapid decline, likely because of solidaristic bargaining.Essay III contrasts the implementation of the active labor market policy to regional policy. Following a decisive shift around 1970, the focus on north to south mobility was replaced with policies to stimulate northern employment. Declining rural support for the Social Democrats and electoral competition from the Center Party caused this shift.Finally, Essay IV is a case study about mobility subsidy usage in Västernorrland County using sources on relocation allowances from 1965, 1970 and 1975. The results indicate that in the 1960s there was strong selection into the program by young persons with good labor market prospects. However, the program’s use did not change after the regional policy shift in the early 1970s.The collective results suggest that the policies associated with the Swedish model were minor for economic restructuring patterns. The migrations of the 1960s and the decline in regional disruptions after 1970 should instead be explained by studying the consequences of structural changes, how regions were progressively affected differently and the possible role that government policies played in directing demand for labor across space.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Molinder, Jakob, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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What can the State do for you? : Relocation Allowances and Regional Subsidies in Post-War Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 42:3, s. 273-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that Swedish policy during the early postwar period was strongly directed towards mobility increasing expenditures, most notably relocation allowances, aimed at moving labor from north to south. While this view has dominated the academic discussion on labor market policy there is little direct evidence. We make three claims. First, the relocation allowances have to be evaluated against the regional policy. Second, by doing so we show that the mobility oriented policy was predominant only for a short period of time. In the early 1970s, there was a decisive shift towards a policy directed at stimulating employment in the north. Third, drawing on this, we reevaluate the previous view on policy making in Sweden. Our analysis suggests that the Social Democratic government acted in a voter maximizing way. The relocation allowances were introduced at the behest of the Trade Union Confederation (LO). The regional subsidies were expanded when voter sentiment turned against the perceived depletion of rural regions. However, this strategy interacted with the political and institutional environment. The new election law in 1970 and political competition from the Center Party pushed the Social Democrats to shift their policies on regional subsidies.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ottosson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Bevattningsvatten : kunskapsunderlag
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Livsmedel från växtriket kan i vissa fall sprida mikrobiologisk smitta. Bär, bladgrönt och groddarmedför en särskild risk. Det beror på att de ofta äts råa eller efter minimal tillredning. Vi värmer deminte innan vi äter dem.Om livsmedlen är kontaminerade är det med stor sannolikhet orsakat av bevattningen. Vattnet kan havarit påverkat av avföring. Det kan också bero på spillning från vilda djur. Även naturgödsel kanförorena produkterna vid stänk från jord.Syftet med detta projekt var att se över kvaliteten på vatten för bevattning i Sverige. Vi ville koppladet till mikrobiologiska risker och utifrån det ta fram underlag till nationella råd och riktlinjer. Måletär ”en säkrare produktion av ätfärdiga bär och grönsaker som bättre förebygger sjukdomsutbrott”.Det visade sig att kvaliteten på vattnet generellt sett var god hos odlarna i projektet. Det samma gällergrödor. I vatten hittade vi enstaka sjukdomsframkallande mikroorganismer och ESBL-bildande E. coli.Dessa hittade vi dock endast i ytvatten som var mer förorenade av avföring och spillning. Men endastett fåtal prov på gröda visade på högre fekal förorening. Majoriteten av dessa kom från en och sammaodlare, som bevattnade med vatten från en damm. Vi hittade inga patogener på grödor. Däremot var ettprov på vitkål positivt för ESBL-bildande E. coli.Vi gjorde en kvantitativ riskvärdering av Shigatoxinproducerande E. coli (STEC) från isbergssallat.Den visade att även en liten förorening orsakad av avföring och utan påvisade STEC-bakterier ibevattningsvattnet kan utgöra en risk för mag-och tarminfektion. Riskvärderingen kan användas somunderlag för att föreslå mikrobiologiska kriterier, till exempel på vattenkvalitet. Vi behöver dockbeakta osäkerheterna med värderingen. De viktigaste osäkerheterna var utsöndringen av ochpatogeniciteten hos STEC från infekterade nötkreatur. Hur mycket av dessa fastnar på den bevattnadegrödan? Hur stor är sannolikheten att infekteras vid låga doser (enstaka STEC-bakterier)? Och hur storär risken av stänk från jord?Det finns olika åtgärder att ta till för att minska sannolikheten för utbrott och sjukdomsfall. Dessa är 1.Kriterier för vattenkvalitet. 2: Rening av vatten som inte uppnår dessa kriterier. 3. Införa enuppehållstid mellan sista bevattning och skörd. 4. Dessutom kan konsumenterna skölja produkternainnan de konsumerar dem. Det är också viktigt att se till att hålla utrustningen ren, exempelvis rör ochmunstycken. På så vis undviks föroreningar och tillväxt av bakterier.Om ytvatten måste användas för bevattning under de sista två veckorna innan skörd bör ettprovtagningsprogram utformas. Proven bör då visa på låg fekal förorening samt avsaknad avSalmonella. I bästa fall bör ytvatten renas före bevattning. Detta kan göras till exempel med hjälp avfotokatalys, UV-ljus eller filtrering. De sista två dagarna före skörd bör dock endast vatten avdricksvattenkvalitet användas.I en framtid med sjunkande grundvattennivåer, torrare somrar och blötare vintrar finns ett behov av attsamla in vatten för bevattning. Det bör göras under höstregn och vårfloder, samt vintertid. Vattnet fårsedan lagras i magasin. Vatten från bevattningsmagasin kan behöva renas innan det används förbevattning beroende på hur skyddat magasinet är från föroreningar.
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| 8. |
- Ottosson, Jakob
(författare)
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Hygiene Aspects of Greywater and Greywater Reuse
- 2003
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Greywater is domestic household wastewater without inputfrom the toilet, i.e. wastewater from sinks, the shower,washing machine and dishwasher in a home. Source separation ofgreywater can be a strategy to enhance recirculation of plantnutrients and/or improve water use. The risk for transmissionof disease when reusing greywater is largely dependent on thecross-contamination by faeces. High levels of faecalindicators, mainly thermotolerant coliform bacteria, have beenreported in greywater, indicating substantial faecal pollution.However, growth of indicator bacteria within the system leadsto an overestimation of thefaecal input and thus the hygienerisk. The faecal input of the greywater in Vibyåsen,Sollentuna, North of Stockholm, was estimated to be 0.04 ±0.02 g faeces person-1 day-1 from the quantification of thefaecal sterol coprostanol, compared to 65 g, 5.2 g and 0.22 gp-1 d-1 using E. coli, enterococci and cholesterolrespectively.Prevalence of pathogens in the population and the faecalload based on coprostanol concentrations were used to form thebasis of a screening-level quantitative microbial riskassessment (QMRA) that was undertaken for rotavirus, Salmonellatyphimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia intestinalis andCryptosporidium parvum, looking at the treatment required to bebelow an acceptable level of risk (10-3) for reuse or dischargeof the greywater. The different exposure scenarios simulated–groundwater recharge, direct contact, irrigation andrecreational water–showed that a reduction of 0.7–3.7 log was needed for rotavirus, with the measured level offaecal load in Vibyåsen. The other pathogen of concern wasCampylobacter, where a 2.2 log reduction was needed forgroundwater recharge. The infectious dose of Salmonella is highand the excretion numbers of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidiumoocysts low, resulting in no treatment requirements for theseorganisms under these circumstances. Pathogen input fromcontaminated food via the kitchen sink had a minor effect onthe microbiological quality of the greywater. Studies on virusoccurrence in greywater as well as validation of the faecalload of greywater at another site would give valuable input forfuture QMRAs.Greywater treatment efficiency studies, especially on virusremoval, are scarce and more investigations are warranted.Active sludge may not be a suitable technique for greywater dueto the low carbon content in this flow. Chemical precipitationhas the advantage of removing phosphorus as well as virusesefficiently and it is suggested as one possible method fortreating greywater. Otherwise the most common practice forgreywater treatment in Sweden is soil infiltration. However, itis suggested that the recommendations for wastewaterinfiltration also be observed for greywater, despite the lowfaecal load, due to the simulated results on virus reductionneeded.Key words:greywater, greywater reuse, greywatertreatment, microbial risk assessment, groundwater recharge,irrigation, recreational water, faecal contamination, indicatorbacteria, index organisms, faecal sterols, bacteriophages,enteric pathogens, rotavirus, Salmonella, Campylobacter,Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Legionella
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Sundbom, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Aortic injuries during laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid obesity in Sweden 2009-2010 : A nationwide survey
- 2014
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Ingår i: Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1550-7289 .- 1878-7533. ; 10:2, s. 203-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In Sweden, bariatric surgery has increased more than tenfold in the past decade, from 700 to 8,600 procedures annually, and laparoscopic gastric bypass (LRYGB) dominates (92% of all procedures). This expansion makes safety issues crucial. The aim of this nationwide survey was to identify aortic injuries in LRYGB. Methods: All 41 centers performing LRYGB in Sweden were asked if an aortic injury had occurred during the years 2009-2010. Techniques for entering the first trocar and way of establishing pneumoperitoneum were evaluated. The total number of procedures was collected from the national quality registry, Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg), and the National Patient Register. Results: During the study period, 11,744 LRYGBs were performed. The analysis revealed 5 aortic injuries, all occurring in patients in whom an optical trocar had been placed before establishing pneumoperitoneum. Outcomes varied from no major sequelae to bilateral lower limb amputation and death. Based on the total number of LRYGBs, the risk for an aortic injury was .043% overall and .091% when an optical trocar was used. Conclusion: Aortic injury is a rare but serious complication in laparoscopic gastric bypass. In this survey, optical trocars constructed to reduce the risk of intraabdominal damage had been used in all 5 cases. (C) 2014 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Sundbom, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Substantial Decrease in Comorbidity 5 Years After Gastric Bypass: A Population-based Study From the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - Philadelphia PA, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 265:6, s. 1166-1171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate effect on comorbid disease and weight loss 5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery for morbid obesity in a large nationwide cohort. Background: The number patients having surgical procedures to treat obesity and obesity-related disease are increasing. Yet, population-based, long-term outcome studies are few. Methods: Data on 26,119 individuals [75.8% women, 41.0 years, and body mass index (BMI) 42.8 kg/m2] undergoing primary RYGB between May 1, 2007 and June 30, 2012, were collected from 2 Swedish quality registries: Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and the Prescribed Drug Registry. Weight, remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, depression, and sleep apnea, and changes in corresponding laboratory data were studied. Five-year follow-up was 100% (9774 eligible individuals) for comorbid diseases. Results: BMI decreased from 42.8 ± 5.5 to 31.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2 at 5 years, corresponding to 27.7% reduction in total body weight. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (15.5%–5.9%), hypertension (29.7%–19.5%), dyslipidemia (14.0%–6.8%), and sleep apnea (9.6%–2.6%) was reduced. Greater weight loss was a positive prognostic factor, whereas increasing age or BMI at baseline was a negative prognostic factor for remission. The use of antidepressants increased (24.1%–27.5%). Laboratory status was improved, for example, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin decreased from 6.1 to 5.4 mmol/mol and 41.8% to 37.7%, respectively. Conclusions: In this nationwide study, gastric bypass resulted in large improvements in obesity-related comorbid disease and sustained weight loss over a 5-year period. The increased use of antidepressants warrants further investigation. Studies with long-term results after bariatric surgery are surprisingly rare, 1–5 especially in the light of the large number of procedures performed worldwide. In most studies there is a 1 to 2-year follow-up, 6 and at such an early point in time, it is impossible to evaluate the true effect of gastric bypass, because patients have just reached their nadir in weight. Moreover, for this group of patients, the longstanding remission of obesity-related comorbidities, for example, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and sleep apnea, are of utmost importance. The Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg) was launched in 2007 as a quality registry for the expanding number of bariatric surgeries in Sweden. 7 In 2015, SOReg contained more than 50,000 bariatric procedures (>98% national coverage), with all 43 operating centers reporting to the registry. There has been an expansion of bariatric surgery, with 3300 bariatric procedures performed in 2008, 4800 in 2009, 7800 in 2010, and 8600 in 2011. There has been a slight decrease in procedures, and currently approximately 7000 performed annually, and approximately 95% of the reported procedures have been primary laparoscopic gastric bypass. 8 Perioperative complication rates (eg, 1.2% leaks) and mortality are low (0.04%), the latter validated with the Swedish Population Register. Regular audits are performed by randomly comparing data in SOReg with patient charts at the surgical centers, demonstrating a high validity with less than 2% incorrect values. 7 Furthermore, by cross-linkage with the national Prescribed Drug Registry (PDR), a 100% follow-up of the occurrence of comorbid disease (defined as medical treatment) can be achieved. The present study reports outcome in weight and obesity-related comorbid disease in a nationwide cohort of 26,119 individuals over 5 years after primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in Sweden, using the prospective SOReg database with cross-linkage with the PDR.
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