| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Landin-Olsson, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Immunoreactive trypsin(Ogen) in the sera of children with recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes and matched controls
- 1990
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Ingår i: Pancreas. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0885-3177. ; 5:3, s. 241-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the exocrine pancreatic function at the time of diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we determined immunoreactive an-odal and cathodal trypsin(ogen) levels in sera from almost all children (n = 375) 0-14 years of age in Sweden in whom diabetes developed during 1 year, and in sex-, age-, and geographically matched control subjects (n = 312). The median level of anodal trypsin(ogen) was 5 (quartile range, 3-7) µg/L in children with newly diagnosed diabetes, compared with a median level of 7 (quartile range, 4-8) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the median level of cathodal trypsin(ogen) was 8 (quartile range, 4-10) µg/L in children with diabetes, compared with a median level of 11 (quartile range, 7-15) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). The median of the individual ratios between cathodal and anodal trypsin(ogen) was 1.4 in the diabetic patients and 1.7 in the control children (p < 0.001). In a multivariate test, however, only the decrease in cathodal trypsin(ogen) concentration was associated with diabetes. The levels of trypsin(ogen)s did not correlate with levels of islet cell antibodies, present in 81% of the diabetic children. Several mechanisms may explain our findings, for example, similar pathogenetic factors may affect both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas simultaneously, a failing local trophic stimulation by insulin on the exocrine cells may decrease the trypsinogen production, and there may be an increased elimination of trypsin(ogen) because of higher filtration through the kidneys in the hyperglycemic state.
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| 4. |
- Almqvist, E, et al.
(författare)
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Geographical distribution of haplotypes in Swedish families with Huntington's disease.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Human Genetics. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 94:2, s. 124-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was planned to determine the number of origins of the mutation underlying Huntington's disease (HD) in Sweden. Haplotypes were constructed for 23 different HD families, using six different polymorphisms [(CCG)n, GT70, 674, BS1, E2 and 4.2], including two within the gene. In addition, extensive genealogical investigations were performed, and the geographical origin of the haplotypes was studied. Ten different haplotypes were observed suggesting multiple origins for the HD mutation in Sweden. Analysis of the two polymorphic markers within the HD gene (the CCG repeat and GT70) indicates that there are at least three origins for the HD mutation in Sweden. One of these haplotypes (7/A) accounts for 89% of the families, suggesting that the majority of the Swedish HD families are related through a single HD mutation of ancient origin. Furthermore, three of the families that were previously considered to be unrelated could be traced to a common ancestor in the 15th century, a finding that is consistent with this hypothesis.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Persson, A-E, et al.
(författare)
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The synthesis of discrete colloidal particles of TPA-silicalite-1
- 1994
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Ingår i: Zeolites. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-2449. ; 14:7, s. 557-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discrete colloidal particles of TPA-silicalite-1 with an average particle size of less than 100 nm and with a narrow particle-size distribution have been synthesized in clear homogeneous solutions. The factors influencing particle size have been investigated. High silica contents in conjunction with high alkalinities favor the synthesis of colloidal silicalite suspensions. Polymeric silica sources result in larger particles compared to those synthesized with tetraethoxy silane-presumably due to the different nucleation kinetics. It was found that the base concentration influences nucleation behavior in that high alkalinities result in the nucleation of a relatively large number of particles. The growth rates are constant for a given silica content irrespective of the alkalinity, at least within the alkalinity range studied. This result is ascribed to a rate-limiting surface reaction step that is a consequence of the synthesis mixture composition. The linear growth rates recorded are lower than those typically reported in the literature.
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| 8. |
- Persson, E, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma lipolytic activity and substrate oxidation after intravenous administration of heparin and a low molecular weight heparin fragment
- 1990
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - 1365-2281. ; 10:6, s. 573-583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the effects of heparin and a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) fragment on plasma lipolytic activity and substrate oxidation. Indirect calorimetry was performed continuously in healthy male subjects receiving a constant infusion of fat emulsion (0.2 g min-1) and glucose (0.8 g min-1) during a period of 4 h. After 2 h an infusion of heparin (n = 6) or LMWH (n = 6) (100 antifactor Xa units kg-1) or saline (n = 6) was given over 1 h. Plasma concentration of the fat emulsion decreased by 76 +/- 5% with heparin and by 12 +/- 7% with LMWH (P less than 0.01). In the case of LMWH the initial fall was followed by a consistent rise in fat emulsion concentration for the entire remaining study period. Compared to the control experiments, plasma FFA increased five times with heparin and three times with LMWH (P less than 0.05). The average respiratory quotient (RQ) and energy expenditure (EE) increased constantly during the study period and did not differ significantly between the groups. In all groups the average increase in glucose oxidation was 40-50%, while fat oxidation decreased to a comparable extent. Infusions of heparin and LMWH had no effect on RQ or EE. A microcalorimetric study on isolated rat adipocytes in buffer solutions containing glucose, fat emulsion, heparin or LMWH was also made. The heat output from the adipocytes was not influenced by the presence of heparin or LMWH. In conclusion, infusion of heparin resulted in a pronounced increase in FFA availability, whereas LMWH exerted a less marked lipolytic effect. However, the heparin-induced elevations in plasma FFA were not accompanied by measurable rises in lipid oxidation rate.
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| 9. |
- Svanberg, Sune, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of terawatt lasers
- 1994
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Ingår i: LASER SPECTROSCOPY - XITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 1563962624 ; :290, s. 264-269
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- ANDERSSON, CBM, et al.
(författare)
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SPUTTERED AND ANNEALED INAS(111)OVER-BAR - AN UNRECONSTRUCTED SURFACE
- 1994
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 307, s. 885-889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of the InAs(111BAR)1 X 1 surface has been investigated by angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy along the symmetry lines GAMMAKBAR, GAMMAMBAR, and GAMMAMBAR of the surface Brillouin zone. The bulk valence band structure was calculated using a combination of the linear augmented plane-wave method and the relativistic augmented plane-wave method. We have projected the theoretical bulk band structure onto the surface Brillouin zone to separate surface states from surface resonances. Two surface related structures, S1 and S2, have been observed and their E(i)(k(parallel-to)) dispersions are established. Both S1 and S2 show the symmetry of the 1 X 1 surface Brillouin zone, which is consistent with the observed 1 X 1 LEED pattern. We identify S1 as the As-derived dangling bond state, and S2 is associated with the backbonds connecting the As atoms in the surface layer with the underlying In layer.
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| 11. |
- Bengzon, J, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of neurotrophin and trkA, trkB and trkC tyrosine kinase receptor messenger RNA expression in kindling
- 1993
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Ingår i: Neuroscience. - 0306-4522. ; 53:2, s. 433-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Levels of messenger RNA for nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and the tyrosine kinase receptors trkA, trkB and trkC have been studied using in situ hybridization in the rat brain 2 h and four weeks after kindling-induced seizures. Epileptiform activity evoked by hippocampal stimulation and exceeding 70 s lead to a concomitant and transient increase of brain- derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, trkB and trkC messenger RNA expression in dentate granule cells after both focal and generalized seizures. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA levels were also increased bilaterally in the CA1-CA3 regions, amygdala and the piriform, entorhinal, perirhinal, retrosplenial and temporal cortices after generalized seizures. The magnitude of the increases was similar throughout the development of kindling and in the fully kindled brain. No changes of trkA messenger RNA were observed. In amygdalar kindling, elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA levels developed more rapidly in the amygdala-piriform cortex than after stimulation in the hippocampus but changes in the hippocampal formation were only seen in few animals. Intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine or a bilateral fimbria-fornix lesion did not alter basal expression or seizure-evoked changes in messenger RNA levels for neurotrophins or trk receptors but increased the number of animals exhibiting elevated levels after the first stimulation, probably due to a prolongation of seizure activity. Both in sham-operated and fimbria-fornix-lesioned rats seizure activity caused a marked reduction of neurotrophin-3 messenger RNA levels in dentate granule cells. The results indicate that activation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene, at least in dentate granule cells, is an "all-or-none" type of response and dependent on the duration but not the severity of seizures or the stage of kindling epileptogenesis. Changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and trkB and trkC were observed concomitantly in the dentate gyrus, which suggests that seizure activity sets in motion a cascade of genomic events possibly mediated via a common mechanism. Since altered messenger RNA levels outside hippocampus were detected only for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin and trk gene expression in these regions seems to be regulated differently.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ceberg, Crister, et al.
(författare)
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Neutron capture imaging of 10B in tissue specimens
- 1993
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - 1879-0887. ; 26:2, s. 139-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is an attractive concept for radiation treatment of malignant tumours. The patients receive a 10B-carrying compound with selective uptake in tumour cells, after which they are irradiated with epithermal neutrons. Theoretically, the tumour cells are killed by the high-LET particles produces in 10B(n, alpha)7Li reactions inside or close to the cell nucleus, while healthy brain cells with no boron uptake will be spared. In practice, a successful BNCT depends on the actual boron-distribution in the tissue, and consequently a new boron-compound aimed for BNCT must undergo detailed bio-distribution studies before clinical trials. In experimental work there is accordingly a great need for methods for quantitative bio-distribution measurements in tissue samples. In this paper we present an improved technique for neutron activated autoradiography providing quantitative boron images of freeze-sectioned tissue specimens from highly malignant rat brain gliomas. Particular attention has been paid to the correlation with the morphology of the specimens and to the altered self-absorption properties due to freeze-drying. A self-absorption correction factor for tumour tissue has been experimentally determined.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Clyne, N, et al.
(författare)
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The intracellular distribution of cobalt in exposed and unexposed rat myocardium
- 1990
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 50:6, s. 605-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intracellular distribution of cobalt was analysed in the myocardium of exposed and unexposed rats. The exposed rats were given a dietary cobalt supplementation of 40 mg CoS04-7 H20/kg body weight for 8 weeks. The mitochondrial fraction showed the greatest relative increase in cobalt: 0.09 ng/mg protein in the unexposed rats to 8.43 ng/mg protein in the exposed rats. In the exposed rats the submitochondrial particles had the highest levels of cobalt: 19.43 ng/mg protein, followed by the sarcoplasmatic reticulum: 12.3 ng/mg protein. The microsomal 44 000g supernatant also showed an increase, although the levels remained low (0.51 ng/mg protein in the exposed animals). Apparently the calcium-storing organelles had the highest levels of cobalt. This could affect calcium flux in myocardial cells and, secondarily, tension development in cardiac muscle.
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| 16. |
- Frasinski, L. J, et al.
(författare)
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Multielectron Dissociative Ionization of Co2 In Intense Laser Fields
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 27:6, s. 97-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multiphoton ionization of CO2 has been studied using a laser of 794 nm WaVelength and focused intensities in the region of 10(16) W cm-2. The kinetic energy distributions and ion yields obtained using time-of-flight spectroscopy coupled with covariance mapping can be interpreted most simply in terms of charge-symmetric fragmentation, the strongest channel being O2+ + C2+ + O2+. These results are compared with two recent experiments on CO2, one using an intense laser at 248 nm, the other using Si8+ ion projectiles of 3 MeV u-1 energy.
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| 17. |
- Friedman, W J, et al.
(författare)
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Differential actions of neurotrophins in the locus coeruleus and basal forebrain.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886 .- 1090-2430. ; 119:1, s. 72-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neurotrophin gene family, including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and NT-4/NT-5, supports the survival of distinct peripheral neurons, however, actions upon central neurons are relatively undefined. In this study we have compared different neurotrophins in the regulation of neuronal survival and function using dissociated embryonic cell cultures from two brain regions, the basal forebrain (BF) and locus coeruleus (LC). In the BF, NGF increased choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) activity, but did not influence cholinergic cell survival. In contrast to NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and the novel neurotrophin, NT-4, all increased ChAT activity and cholinergic cell survival. We also examined embryonic LC neurons in culture. LC neurons are unresponsive to NGF. In contrast, NT-3 and NT-4 elicited significant increases in survival of noradrenergic LC neurons, the first demonstration of trophic effects in this critical brain region. Identification of factors supporting coeruleal and basal forebrain neuronal survival may provide insight into mechanisms mediating degeneration of these disparate structures in clinical disorders.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Holm, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Stimulation of acid secretion increases the gastric gland luminal pressure in the rat.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 103:6, s. 1797-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gastric mucosal gland luminal pressure was measured in vivo with a pressure-sensitive microelectrode technique (servo-null) in anesthetized rats. A microelectrode was inserted into a gland lumen by means of a micromanipulator at an angle of 30 degrees to the mucosal surface. Acid secretion was estimated by measuring the pH in the solution covering the mucosa. During control conditions, when the mucosa was secreting acid spontaneously, gland luminal pressure was 12.3 +/- 1.2 mm Hg. At about 9 minutes after starting pentagastrin administration, the luminal pressure stabilized at 17.2 +/- 1.7 mm Hg. In the rats given impromidine (500 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) luminal pressure gradually increased (during 9-10 minutes) from a control level of 9.0 +/- 1.9 to 17.3 +/- 2.6 mm Hg. During the majority of experiments, the luminal pressure oscillated at 3-7 cycles per minute. The results show that intraluminal pressure increases during stimulated acid secretion, indicating that a resistance to the volume secretion exists in the upper part of the gastric crypts. This hydrostatic pressure may well be the driving force for creating channels for acid and pepsin to cross the mucus layer covering the mucosal surface.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Lindvall, O., et al.
(författare)
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Differential regulation of mRNAs for nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3 in the adult rat brain following cerebral ischemia and hypoglycemic coma
- 1992
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 89:2, s. 648-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ hybridization was used to study expression of mRNAs for members of the nerve growth factor (NGF) family in the rat brain after 2 and 10 min of forebrain ischemia and 1 and 30 min of insulin-induced hypoglycemic coma. Two hours after the ischemic insults, the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA was markedly increased in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus, and at 24 h it was still significantly elevated. NGF mRNA showed a pronounced increase 4 h after 2 min of ischemia but had returned to a control level at 24 h. Both 2 and 10 min of ischemia caused a clear reduction of the level of mRNA for neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) in the dentate granule cells and in regions CA2 and medial CA1 of the hippocampus 2 and 4 h after the insults. The increase of BDNF mRNA could be partially blocked by the α-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist NBQX but was not influenced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801. Both NBQX and MK-801 attenuated the decrease of NT-3 mRNA after ischemia. One and 30 min of hypoglycemic coma also induced marked increases in BDNF and NGF mRNA in dentate granule cells with maximal levels at 2 h. If the changes of mRNA expression lead to alterations in the relative availability of neurotrophic factors, this could influence functional outcome and neuronal necrosis following ischemic and hypoglycemic insults.
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| 23. |
- Maligranda, Lech, et al.
(författare)
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On some inequalities of the Grüss-Barnes and Borell type
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-247X .- 1096-0813. ; 187:1, s. 306-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some new generalizations of the Grüss-Barnes and Borell inequalities are proved. A new proof, using the classical Chebyshev inequality, for the case of two functions is presented and applied. A crucial inequality for $n$ functions by C. Borell \ref[J. Math. Anal. Appl. 41 (1973), 300--312; MR0315073 (47 \#3622)] is also discussed. Some recent results are sharpened and complemented. Interpolated or weighted versions of some of the inequalities are pointed out.
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| 24. |
- Martens, L., et al.
(författare)
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Electromagnetic field calculations used for exposure experiments on small animals in TEM-cells
- 1993
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Ingår i: Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-4598. ; 30:C, s. 73-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three-dimensional electromagnetic calculations for loaded transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission cells are presented. Based on those calculations a prediction of the perturbation of the standard uniform field in the TEM-cell, due to the scattering by inhomogeneous structures placed inside the cell cavity, is given. The influence of the dimensions of a lossy structure and its position in the TEM-cell on its absorption of the electromagnetic fields is presented. Knowing the perturbation of the uniform field is important for good interpretation of the biological experimental results.
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| 25. |
- Neumüller, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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HIV reverse transcriptase inhibiting antibodies detected by a new technique : relation to p24 and gp41 antibodies, HIV antigenemia and clinical variables.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 34:1, s. 55-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new assay for HIV reverse transcriptase activity inhibiting antibodies (RTI-ab) was used for the analysis of a large collection of sera sampled before and after confirmation of HIV infection. In this assay HIV-RT was preincubated with diluted serum, after which residual RT activity was determined by a technique using a template coupled to macrobeads and 125I-lodo-deoxyuridine-triphosphate as the tracer-substrate. Of the 936 sera analysed, 818 were found positive for RTI-ab, and 824 were positive in Western blot (Wb). The prevalence of RTI-ab compared to Wb was therefore 99.3%. The corresponding figure for 930 sera analysed for envelope-ab, i.e., gp41-ab, was 823 positive, and of these 930 sera 815 were Wb positive, giving a comparative prevalence of 101%. In contrast, only 678 samples of 993 analyzed for core ab, i.e., p24, were positive, giving a prevalence of 77.0% as 880 of these samples were Wb positive. Thus, RTI-ab was as prevalent as gp41-ab, and although the analyses of RTI-ab amounts in different stages showed decreasing levels in stage IV compared to stages II or III, all of the sera except 1 were found positive in stages III and IV. Further, it was found that both the few RTI-ab negative samples in stage II and the few RTI-ab positive samples among Wb negative sera were sampled in connection with seroconversion. The specificity of the RTI-ab assay was 100% in a test of 200 serum samples from HIV negative blood donors. It was concluded that RTI-ab analyses can be made highly sensitive and specific and useful for studies of HIV infection.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Persson, Bengt L., et al.
(författare)
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A circular dichroism study of mitochondrial transhydrogenase from beef heart
- 1991
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Ingår i: Biophysical Chemistry. - 0301-4622 .- 1873-4200. ; 39:3, s. 267-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy study of purified proton-pumping nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase from beef heart. The CD spectrum obtained was used to estimate the content of secondary structures of the purified enzyme and suggests the presence of 40–45% α-helical structure and long, possibly membrane-spanning α-helices. The spectrum was essentially unaffected by the absence or presence of transhydrogenase substrates, suggesting that the catalytic and proton-translocating activities of the enzyme occur without major rearrangements at the level of secondary structures.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- PERSSON, J, et al.
(författare)
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PREDICTION OF SURFACE-WATER TURNOVER TIME IN COASTAL WATERS USING DIGITAL BATHYMETRIC INFORMATION
- 1994
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Ingår i: ENVIRONMETRICS. - : JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD. - 1180-4009. ; 5:4, s. 433-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a new type of geographical information system (GIS) for scientific planning of coastal waters. One hypothesis in the work is that the morphometry of the coast plays a significant role for how the water system functions as a receiving w
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| 31. |
- Petronilli, V, et al.
(författare)
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Flow-force relationships during energy transfer between mitochondrial proton pumps
- 1991
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. - 0005-2728 .- 1879-2650. ; 1058:2, s. 297-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of inhibitors of proton pumps, of uncouplers and of permeant ions on the relationship between input force, , and output flows of the ATPase, redox and transhydrogenase H+-pumps in submitochondrial particles was investigated. It is concluded that: (1) The decrease of output flow of the transhydrogenase proton pump, defined as the rate of reduction of NADP+ by NADH, is linearily correlated with the decrease of input force, , in an extended range of , independently of whether the H+-generating pump is the ATPase or a redox pump, or whether is depressed by inhibitors of the H+-generating pump such as oligomycin or malonate, or by uncouplers. (2) The output flows of the ATPase and of the site I redox H+-pumps exhibit a steep dependence on . The flow-force relationships differ depending on whether the depression of is induced by inhibitors of the H+-generating pump, by uncouplers or by lipophilic anions. (3) With the ATPase as H+-consuming pump, at equivalent values, the output flow is more markedly inhibited by malonate than by uncouplers; the latter, however, are more inhibitory than lipophilic anions such as ClO4−. With redox site I as proton-consuming pump, at equivalent values, the output flow is more markedly inhibited by oligomycin than by uncouplers; again, uncouplers are more inhibitory than ClO4−. (4) The results provide further support for a delocalized interaction of transhydrogenase with other H+-pumps.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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