| 1. |
- Parker, P, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in integrated assessment and modelling
- 2002
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Ingår i: Environmental Modelling & Software. - 1364-8152. ; 17:3, s. 209-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental processes have been modelled for decades. However. the need for integrated assessment and modeling (IAM) has,town as the extent and severity of environmental problems in the 21st Century worsens. The scale of IAM is not restricted to the global level as in climate change models, but includes local and regional models of environmental problems. This paper discusses various definitions of IAM and identifies five different types of integration that Lire needed for the effective solution of environmental problems. The future is then depicted in the form of two brief scenarios: one optimistic and one pessimistic. The current state of IAM is then briefly reviewed. The issues of complexity and validation in IAM are recognised as more complex than in traditional disciplinary approaches. Communication is identified as a central issue both internally among team members and externally with decision-makers. stakeholders and other scientists. Finally it is concluded that the process of integrated assessment and modelling is considered as important as the product for any particular project. By learning to work together and recognise the contribution of all team members and participants, it is believed that we will have a strong scientific and social basis to address the environmental problems of the 21st Century.
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| 2. |
- Jenkins, David J A, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of wheat bran on glycemic control and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Diabetes care. - 0149-5992. ; 25:9, s. 1522-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Cohort studies indicate that cereal fiber reduces the risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we assessed the effect of wheat bran on glycemic control and CHD risk factors in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 23 subjects with type 2 diabetes (16 men and 7 postmenopausal women) completed two 3-month phases of a randomized crossover study. In the test phase, bread and breakfast cereals were provided as products high in cereal fiber (19 g/day additional cereal fiber). In the control phase, supplements were low in fiber (4 g/day additional cereal fiber). RESULTS: Between the test and control treatments, no differences were seen in body weight, fasting blood glucose, HbA(1c), serum lipids, apolipoproteins, blood pressure, serum uric acid, clotting factors, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, magnesium, calcium, iron, or ferritin. LDL oxidation in the test phase was higher than that seen in the control phase (12.1 +/- 5.4%, P < 0.034). Of the subjects originally recruited, more dropped out of the study for health and food preference reasons from the control phase (16 subjects) than the test phase (11 subjects). CONCLUSIONS: High-fiber cereal foods did not improve conventional markers of glycemic control or risk factors for CHD in type 2 diabetes over 3 months. Possibly longer studies are required to demonstrate the benefits of cereal fiber. Alternatively, cereal fiber in the diet may be a marker for another component of whole grains that imparts health advantages or a healthy lifestyle.
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| 6. |
- Coates, C. G., et al.
(författare)
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Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman probing of the light-switch states of Ru(Phen)(2)dppz (2+)
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 105:50, s. 12653-12664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman (picosecond-TR3) spectroscopy has been used to conduct an extensive photophysical characterization of the light- switch complex [Ru(phen)(2)dppz](2+) as a function of environment, in which studies have been carried out in aqueous and nonaqueous media and in DNA. The results are considered in rotation to a previous report describing environment-sensitive lowest triplet MLCT states. Vibrational marker features and enhancement patterns were used to determine the rapid progression (< 20 ps) between two triplet MLCT states in aqueous environment, followed by subnanosecond, nonradiative deactivation to the ground state. In nonaqueous environment, the long-lived, emissive triplet MLCT state is spectrally identified as the short-lived first triplet MLCT state observed in water, in agreement with the earlier proposed mechanism. The present data are shown to correlate well with previous nanosecond RR findings for the complex in each environment. Interestingly, a precursor state has been identified upon excitation in both nonaqueous solvent and in DNA, which precedes the triplet MLCT state, and the lifetime of which appears to be environment dependent. Observation of this state is discussed in relation to other recent femtosecond spectroscopic studies on this complex.
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| 7. |
- Olofsson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Picosecond Kerr-gated time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy of the Ru(phen)(2)dppz (2+) interaction with DNA
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. - 0162-0134 .- 1873-3344. ; 91:1, s. 286-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the basis of the 'light-switch' effect, the solvent dependence of the Kerr-gated picosecond-time resolved resonance Raman (TR3) spectra of [Ru(bpy),dppz](2+), [Ru(phen)(2)dppz](2+), and the modified complex [Ru(phen)(2)cpdppzOMe](2+) and a dimer [mu-C4(cpdppz)(2)-(phen)(4)Ru-2](4+) were studied. The investigation focussed on comparing the behaviour of [Ru(phen)(2)dppz](2+) in acetonitrile, ethanol, H2O, D2O, and DNA. The data are consistent with a model wherein excitation induces metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) to any of the ligands (termed the 'precursor' state) which, by interligand electron transfer (ILET), produces an excited state localised on the dppz ligand, MLCT1. In water this state relaxes with a characteristic time of similar to6 ps to a non-emissive state (MLCT2). The TR3 spectra in water, acetonitrile and DNA are all distinctly different. However. the early (4 ps) water spectrum resembles the spectrum in DNA. This interesting observation suggests that the DNA-bound excited state of the complex can be thought of as a model for the initial, poorly solvated state in water.
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| 8. |
- Scherer, SW, et al.
(författare)
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Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology
- 2003
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 300:5620, s. 767-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA sequence and annotation of the entire human chromosome 7, encompassing nearly 158 million nucleotides of DNA and 1917 gene structures, are presented. To generate a higher order description, additional structural features such as imprinted genes, fragile sites, and segmental duplications were integrated at the level of the DNA sequence with medical genetic data, including 440 chromosome rearrangement breakpoints associated with disease. This approach enabled the discovery of candidate genes for developmental diseases including autism.
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