| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Jensen Wolfhechel, Ola, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Norrlands vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer – en förstudie : rapport från ett FoU-projekt
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med föreliggande förstudie har varit att ta fram ett underlag inför ett kommande tvärvetenskapligt forsknings- och digitaliseringsprojekt. Bakgrunden är att Riksantikvarieämbetet under 1940-1980-talen genomförde omfattande arkeologiska, men även naturvetenskapliga och etnologiska, undersökningar vid Norrlands älvar och sjöar som ett led i vattenkraftsutbyggnaden. Materialet kom under 1960-1980-talen att bearbetas tillsammans med Stockholms universitet inom ramen för det tvärvetenskapliga projektet Norrlands Tidiga Bebyggelse. Insatserna resulterade i ett rikt material som idag förvaras i Riksantikvarieämbetets arkiv. Då stora delar av Norrland alltjämt är antikvariskt eftersatta utgör det ett mycket viktigt källmaterial för både forskning och förvaltning av dess kulturmiljöer.Det långsiktiga målet med förstudien och det kommande projektet är att skapa ett kunskapsunderlag för forskning och redskap för landskapsanalyser som leder till ett hållbart bevarande och förvaltning av Norrlands vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer. Inom förstudien har en rad viktiga forsknings- och förvaltningsområden identifierats. För att ta fram ett adekvat underlag inför ansökan har den bland annat mynnat ut i olika förslag på strategier för det kommande projektets genomförande och finansiering, en fördjupning av frågor som rör förvaltning av vattenanknutna kulturmiljöer, utvecklat tvärvetenskapliga forskningsfrågor, tagit fram en digitaliseringsstrategi, formaliserat ett nätverk och en referensgrupp, genomfört en behovsanalys samt en inventering för att identifiera relevant arkivmaterial inom projektdeltagarnas respektive institutioner. Med förstudien har vi således lagt grunden till ett tvärvetenskapligt forsknings- och digitaliseringsprojekt som inkluderar kulturmiljöförvaltning, arkeologi, etnologi, sociologi och naturveten-skapliga ämnen, däribland miljö- och klimatforskning.
|
|
| 5. |
- Johansson, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
-
Hemtjänstpersonalens arbetsmiljö och hälsa i fyra skånska kommuner
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport presentas resultaten från en arbetsmiljöenkät som genomförts ihemtjänsten i fyra skånska kommuner (2 landsortskommuner, 1 medelstor stad, 1 storstad). Enkäten syftade till att brett kartlägga hemtjänstpersonalens arbetsmiljö, hälsa och välmående och är en del av det fyraåriga forskningsprojektet ”Att skapa en bättre arbetsmiljö i hemtjänsten - participativt förändringsarbete i praktiken”. Projektet har finansierats av Forskningsrådet för hälsa, arbetsliv och välfärd (FORTE).Totalt svarade 114 personer varav 99 var kvinnor, 14 män och en person som inte angivit kön på enkäten. Andelen av hemtjänstpersonalen som svarade på enkäten var 73%. Personerna svarade på frågor om övergripande arbetssituation inklusive ergonomiska förhållanden och psykosocial arbetsmiljö och om hälsa.De allra flesta (mer än 90%) uppgav att de trivs med sitt arbete och sin arbetsplats. De angav också att stämningen var god, att de kände en gemenskap på arbetsplatsen och upplevde ett stort stöd från sina arbetskamrater, vilket medför att de har möjlighet att få råd och att lära av andra. En majoritet uppgav att de också hade ett gott stöd från närmaste chef. Däremot upplevde de att de ganska sällan fick uppskattning eller belöning för sitt arbete. Det kan också noteras att två tredjedelar av deltagarna kände att de ville arbeta kvar på nuvarande arbetsplats om fem år.Hemtjänstpersonalen lyfter i sina enkätsvar främst fram tre problem i arbetet;bristen på vikarier, att tiden att ägna sig åt varje omsorgstagare är för kort samt att antalet omsorgstagare som varje person ska besöka under en vecka är för stort.Bristen på tid hos omsorgstagarna medför bl.a. att de inte hinner sköta andrakringuppgifter, att tiden att förflytta sig mellan olika omsorgstagare äts upp ochnågon tid för att kunna varva ner finns inte. Möjligen kan denna brist på mikropauser i vardagen bidra till både ökad stress och fysisk belastning.Av samtliga undersökningsdeltagare angav mer än hälften i sina enkätsvar attnuvarande arbete hade gjort deras hälsa något eller mycket sämre. Förekomsten av besvär från muskler och leder var anmärkningsvärt hög jämfört med andra yrkesgrupper och även jämfört med tidigare studier av personal inom hemtjänst. Det var särskilt vanligt med besvär från rygg och armbågar/händer.För bedömning av indikation för utmattning har tre olika instrument använts.Dessa visar att en fjärdedel till en tredjedel av de hemstjänstanställda rapporterarstress och/eller utmattningsreaktioner på en nivå som indikerar risk för utmattningssyndrom eller annan relaterad psykisk ohälsa om deras situation blir långvarig.Sammanfattningsvis anser vi att de positiva sociala aspekterna av arbetsmiljön iform av trivsel på arbetsplatsen, god gemenskap med stöd från både ledning ochkollegor betyder att bilden av hemtjänsten som en oattraktiv arbetsplats inte är entydig. Det finns resurser i organisationen och bland personalen som det går attbygga vidare på.Vad gäller individens fysiska och psykologiska arbetsmiljö ser vi dock ett antalutmaningar i form av hög fysisk belastning och risk för stress och utmattning. Allt detta måste åtgärdas för att öka attraktionen för yrket och minska riskerna för arbetsskador och sjukskrivning. Även om organisatoriska förändringar och användning av tekniska hjälpmedel i vissa fall kan minska problemen så måste det anställas fler personer för att personalen ska kunna ge omsorgstagarna den vård- och omsorg de behöver. För att fler personer ska välja att arbeta inom hemtjänst krävs också förbättrade anställningsförhållanden som tillsvidareanställning, förbättrade löneförmåner, möjlighet till fortbildning, en arbetsmiljö som inte påverkar hälsan negativt och möjlighet att påverka hur arbetet utförs.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Persson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
A framework for participatory work environment interventions in home care - success factors and some challenges
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1472-6963. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Home care is beset with work environment issues and high staff turnover, while research concerned with interventions to improve the work environment is sparse. Few of the existing interventions apply a participative approach, despite this being associated with more positive outcomes and sustainable change. This paper presents a framework, rooted in action research and action learning, for participatory work environment interventions in home care, and demonstrates how this framework has been implemented in four Swedish home care organizations. Methods The framework has three phases (pre-intervention, intervention planning and intervention implementation) and consists of cycles of action and reflection in three constellations: a group of researchers, a reference group with labour market organization representatives and home care managers, and intervention work groups in the home care organizations. The work was documented and analysed with focus on the realization of the framework and challenges that were met on the way. The interventions were evaluated using a pre-/post-test questionnaire design. Results Parts of the framework were successfully implemented. The pre-intervention phase and the intervention planning phase, with intervention work groups, worked well. All four groups identified one intervention relevant to their own context. However, only two of the proposed interventions were fully implemented and evaluated. The high staff and management turnover, and the high rate of organizational changes made it impossible to evaluate the interventions statistically. Yet, data from open-ended questions in the post questionnaire showed that the two implemented interventions were perceived as successful. Conclusions The participatory framework, presented in this paper, seems promising for work environment interventions in home care. The framework was designed to reduce the risk of known disturbances affecting the process in unstable organizations. Despite this, it proved challenging to execute the framework, and especially the interventions, due to changes happening at high speed. In the two cases where organizational changes were not dominating, the interventions were implemented successfully. While the prerequisites for participation and successful implementation could be improved somewhat, the main issue, the instability of the organizational context, is hard for researchers or the individual home care units to tackle alone.
|
|
| 8. |
- Rydenfält, Christofer, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring Local Initiatives to Improve the Work Environment : A Qualitative Survey in Swedish Home Care Practice
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Home Health Care Management & Practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1084-8223 .- 1552-6739. ; 33:3, s. 154-161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Home care for the elderly constitutes a large and growing part of the social welfare system. Though, home care work is associated with a number of work environment-related challenges, including an increased risk for injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, high levels of sick leave and staff turnover, as well as stress and high workload, research is sparse. The present study explores local initiatives to improve the work environment initiated by the home care organizations themselves, and asks whether or not these initiatives affected gender equality. A qualitative web survey was sent to Swedish home care organizations, with open questions about change initiatives intended to have a positive effect on the work environment. There is an impressive amount of local work environment-related change initiatives going on. 80 categories of change initiatives were identified in answers from 178 units. However, these change initiatives were seldom evaluated or made accessible to stakeholders outside the organization. Main themes were concerned with work organization, digitalization, and planning, which largely follows trends in society (ie, digitalization, teamwork), rather than the actual needs identified by research (eg, musculoskeletal disorders). Despite apparent gender-related challenges, little of the work was associated with gender equality. The results indicates that there is a huge learning potential as the identified initiatives can serve as inspiration for others. However, to fully take advantage of these type of initiatives, more systematic evaluations are required.
|
|
| 9. |
- Arvidsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
Should I stay or should I go? Associations between occupational factors, signs of exhaustion and the intention to change workplace among swedish principals
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:10, s. 1-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high turnover among principals may disrupt the continuity of leadership and negatively affect teachers and, by extension, the students. The aim was to investigate to what extent various work environment factors and signs of exhaustion were associated with reported intentions to change workplace among principals working in compulsory schools. A web-based questionnaire was administered twice, in 2018 and in 2019. Part I of the study involved cross-sectional analyses of the associations 2018 (n = 984) and 2019 (n = 884) between occupational factors, signs of exhaustion, and the intention to change workplace, using Generalized Estimating Equations models. Part II involved 631 principals who participated in both surveys. The patterns of intended and actual changes of workplace across two years were described, together with associated changes of occupational factors and signs of exhaustion. Supportive management was associated with an intention to stay, while demanding role conflicts and the feeling of being squeezed between management and co-workers (buffer-function) were associated with the intention to change workplace. The principals who intended to change their workplace reported more signs of exhaustion. To increase retention among principals, systematic efforts are probably needed at the national, municipal, and local level, in order to improve their working conditions.
|
|
| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
-
Should I stay or should I go? Associations between occupational factors, signs of exhaustion and the intention to change workplace among swedish principals
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:10, s. 1-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high turnover among principals may disrupt the continuity of leadership and negatively affect teachers and, by extension, the students. The aim was to investigate to what extent various work environment factors and signs of exhaustion were associated with reported intentions to change workplace among principals working in compulsory schools. A web-based questionnaire was administered twice, in 2018 and in 2019. Part I of the study involved cross-sectional analyses of the associations 2018 (n = 984) and 2019 (n = 884) between occupational factors, signs of exhaustion, and the intention to change workplace, using Generalized Estimating Equations models. Part II involved 631 principals who participated in both surveys. The patterns of intended and actual changes of workplace across two years were described, together with associated changes of occupational factors and signs of exhaustion. Supportive management was associated with an intention to stay, while demanding role conflicts and the feeling of being squeezed between management and co-workers (buffer-function) were associated with the intention to change workplace. The principals who intended to change their workplace reported more signs of exhaustion. To increase retention among principals, systematic efforts are probably needed at the national, municipal, and local level, in order to improve their working conditions.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Fu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
Active suspension in railway vehicles: a literature survey
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Railway Engineering Science. - : Springer. - 2662-4745 .- 2662-4753. ; , s. 3-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the concept of active suspensions appeared, its large possible benefits has attracted continuous exploration in the field of railway engineering. With new demands of higher speed, better ride comfort and lower maintenance cost for railway vehicles, active suspensions are very promising technologies. Being the starting point of commercial application of active suspensions in rail vehicles, tilting trains have become a great success in some countries. With increased technical maturity of sensors and actuators, active suspension has unprecedented development opportunities. In this work, the basic concepts are summarized with new theories and solutions that have appeared over the last decade. Experimental studies and the implementation status of different active suspension technologies are described as well. Firstly, tilting trains are briefly described. Thereafter, an in-depth study for active secondary and primary suspensions is performed. For both topics, after an introductory section an explanation of possible solutions existing in the literature is given. The implementation status is reported. Active secondary suspensions are categorized into active and semi-active suspensions. Primary suspensions are instead divided between acting on solid-axle wheelsets and independently rotating wheels. Lastly, a brief summary and outlook is presented in terms of benefits, research status and challenges. The potential for active suspensions in railway applications is outlined.
|
|
| 15. |
- Goodall, Roger, et al.
(författare)
-
An authorisation framework for actively controlled running gear
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part F, journal of rail and rapid transit. - : SAGE Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 236:9, s. 1070-1079
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Shift2Rail funded research project called RUN2Rail has investigated a range of new technologies for railway rolling stock. The project included a task on the use of active suspensions, and one of the subtasks was to propose a strategy supporting the authorisation by safety authorities for highly innovative mechatronic vehicles to be placed on the market. The incorporation of electronics and control into suspension systems is still at an early stage, so this paper provides a framework for a practical and efficient authorisation strategy, primarily based upon existing European regulations and standards but in general applicable worldwide.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Herring, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposing kinetic disparities between inflammasome readouts using time-resolved analysis
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 10:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein complex described to be involved in both an effective host response to infectious agents and various diseases. Investigation into the NLRP3 inflammasome has been extensive in the past two decades, and often revolves around the analysis of a few specific readouts, including ASC-speck formation, caspase-1 cleavage or activation, and cleavage and release of IL-1β and/or IL-18. Quantification of these readouts is commonly undertaken as an endpoint analysis, where the presence of each positive outcome is assessed independently of the others. In this study, we apply time-resolved analysis of a human macrophage model (differentiated THP-1-ASC-GFP cells) to commonly accessible methods. This approach yields the additional quantifiable metrics time-resolved absolute change and acceleration, allowing comparisons between readouts. Using this methodological approach, we reveal (potential) discrepancies between inflammasome-related readouts that otherwise might go undiscovered. The study highlights the importance of time-resolved data in general and may be further extended as well as incorporated into other areas of research.
|
|
| 18. |
- Holmberg, Jonas, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Milling or grinding for manufacturing of an Alloy 718 gas turbine component? : – A comparison of surface integrity and productivity
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - 2212-8271. ; 123, s. 7-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Milling is traditionally the most used machining method when manufacturing complex gas turbine components. In particular those made from nickel-based superalloys. However, for larger free form surfaces, grinding may be an efficient alternative that could be used throughout the complete manufacturing route, from roughing to finishing. Hence, in this work the two processing methods has been compared in regard to surface integrity and productivity. Machining tests have been performed on case plates of heat-treated Alloy 718 using best practise setting for roughing and finishing with grinding and milling. The surface integrity of the work pieces was evaluated regarding surface topography, residual stresses, and deformation. This comparison showed that the main advantage with grinding is the ability to switch between roughing and finishing by just altering the depth of cut. Further, grinding offers lower surface roughness, compressive residual stresses, and significantly lower degree of deformation. From a productivity perspective, deep grinding may offer high material removal rates and ability to machine several work pieces in the same setup. However, grinding is limited to simpler free form geometries and may result in minor surface damages and abrasive surface residue. For selection of machining strategy, advantages and drawbacks shown in this work need to be considered for the application at hand in respect to productivity, surface integrity and requirements on fatigue life.
|
|
| 19. |
- Hsu, Chih-Wei, et al.
(författare)
-
Homogeneous high In content InxGa1-x N films by supercycle atomic layer deposition
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 40:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- InxGa1-x N is a strategically important material for electronic devices given its tunable bandgap, modulated by the In/Ga ratio. However, current applications are hindered by defects caused by strain relaxation and phase separation in the material. Here, we demonstrate growth of homogeneous InxGa1-x N films with 0.3 < x < 0.8 up to similar to 30 nm using atomic layer deposition (ALD) with a supercycle approach, switching between InN and GaN deposition. The composition is uniform along and across the films, without signs of In segregation. The InxGa1-x N films show higher In-content than the value predicted by the supercycle model. A more pronounced reduction of GPC(InN) than GPC(GaN) during the growth processes of InN and GaN bilayers is concluded based on our analysis. The intermixing between InN and GaN bilayers is suggested to explain the enhanced overall In-content. Our results show the advantage of ALD to prepare high-quality InxGa1-x N films, particularly with high In-content, which is difficult to achieve with other growth methods.
|
|
| 20. |
- Håkansson, Carita, et al.
(författare)
-
Organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and no or negligible stress symptoms among Swedish principals : a cross-sectional study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have assessed the mental health of principals, or studied associations with both organizational and social work environment factors and occupational balance. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate associations between supporting and demanding organizational and social work environment factors, occupational balance and stress symptoms in principals. Methods: A total of 4309 surveys (2316 from the first round, 1992 from the second round), representing 2781 Swedish principals who had responded to at least one of two surveys, were included in the present study. The surveys include questions about socio-demographic factors, occupational balance, overtime work, and supporting and demanding organizational and social work environment factors, as well as questions about personal stress and exhaustion. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to specify a repeated measures model with a dichotomous outcome (binary logistic regression) and multiple independent factors. Data from two surveys were combined, taking into account dependent observations due to the fact that many study subjects had participated in both surveys. Results: Associations were found between occupational balance (Q1: OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.03–3.15; Q2: OR 4.95, 95% CI 3.86–6.35; Q3: OR 9.29, 95% CI 6.99–12.34), overtime work (Once a week: OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10–2.08; Sometimes a week: OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03–1.66), supportive private life (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.36–1.66), supportive colleagues at the leadership level (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.36), supportive management (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.28) and no or negligible stress symptoms. In addition, role demands (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.83), having a container function (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64–0.82), collaboration with employees (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.89), role conflicts (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.89) and having a buffer function (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.97) were associated with lower likelihood to rate no or negligible stress symptoms. Conclusions: The occupational balance of principals is strongly associated with no or negligible stress symptoms, and thus is a promising venue for promoting well-being. Improvements should be made to several factors in the organizational and social work environments to improve principals’ chances of having occupational balance, and therefore better mental health.
|
|
| 21. |
- Jakobsen, Markus Due, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of Occupational Lifting Patterns with Exposure Variation Analysis. Cross-sectional Workplace Study among Blue-Collar Workers
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Annals of Work Exposures and Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2398-7308 .- 2398-7316. ; 66:7, s. 863-877
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate and characterize the influence of sex, age, muscle strength, and cardiovascular fitness on manual lifting patterns using exposure variation analysis (EVA) during a full working day among blue-collar workers.METHODS: Muscular activity (surface electromyography [sEMG]) of the thigh, low-back, and shoulder was measured throughout the working day in 173 employees with manual lifting tasks from 14 workplaces. Relative sEMG loading was expressed as % of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). As an additional and more practically oriented analysis, calibration of load from standardized box lifts (5, 10, 20, and 30 kg) identified corresponding sEMG values in kg. Using an EVA 'lifting periods' of [1 to 5, >5 to 10, >10 to 20, >20 to 30, and >30] kg in time intervals [0 to 0.5, >0.5 to 1, >1 to 2, >2 to 5, >5 to 10, and >10] s were identified. Arm elevation and back inclination were measured using accelerometers.RESULTS: Females and older workers (≥50 years) primarily used the thighs for lifting and were exposed to more frequent thigh muscle 'lifting periods' of varying duration and load and performed more thigh lifts >30 kg and >60% of MVC compared with males and younger workers (P < 0.05). Females had less brief shoulder lifting periods and more work with bent back >30° than the males (P < 0.05), whereas stronger workers performed more work with elevated arm >60° and >90° than workers with low muscle strength (P < 0.05). However, besides a single difference where workers with lower cardiovascular fitness were exposed to more light (1-5 kg) and moderate duration (5-10 s) trapezius loading, the number of lifting periods was not affected by muscle strength nor cardiovascular fitness (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: This EVA demonstrated sex- and age-related differences in exposure to lifting periods involving shoulder and thigh muscles.
|
|
| 22. |
- Johansson, Alexandra, 1989-
(författare)
-
Förhållandet mellan intern skattelagstiftning och skatteavtal : särskilt om företräde för interna skatteregler
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis addresses the relationship between domestic tax law and tax treaties in a Swedish context, particularly with the purpose of clarifying when the legal consequences of domestic tax law are to prevail over those in tax treaties. The question of primacy arises due to domestic law and tax treaties often apply to the same situation, while providing for different legal consequences. Thus, when both of these sources of law are applicable, it may well be necessary to determine which legal consequence should affect the taxation of a taxpayer.There are two overall aims of this thesis. The first aim is to identify situations when domestic Swedish tax law is to be given priority over tax treaties. To fulfil this aim, three research questions are addressed. The first research question concerns determining in what situations both domestic tax law and tax treaties are applicable, but provide for different legal consequences. The second research question regards to what extent domestic tax law is to be given priority over tax treaty rules due to special provisions regulating the relationship between domestic law and tax treaties, including a rule found in Incorporation Acts and sometimes referred to as “the golden rule”. The third research question is under what conditions rules in domestic tax law represent a clearly expressed intention that they are to be applied irrespective of tax treaties. The second aim is to highlight the balancing of interests that the relationship between domestic tax rules and tax treaties brings to the fore, by evaluating the primacy of domestic law and, in the light of this, to propose when rules in domestic tax law should be given priority. This evaluation centres on the interests of upholding constitutional principles, acting in accordance with international law, eliminating double taxation and preventing tax avoidance. To fulfil this aim, two additional research questions are addressed. The fourth research question is to what extent the primacy of domestic tax law contributes to respecting Swedish constitutional law and whether the primacy of domestic tax law is in accordance with international law. The fifth research question is whether the primacy of domestic tax law is likely to result in double taxation or in opportunities for tax avoidance.The subject of this thesis concerns a limited but fundamental part of the relationship between domestic tax rules and tax treaties in Sweden. It shines a light on the limitations that exist with regard to whether, and to what extent, tax treaties have an impact in a Swedish domestic law context. In some situations, rules in domestic law are given priority in order to hinder tax treaties from creating tax claims that do not exist in domestic law. In other situations, rules in domestic law are given priority for other reasons. In the latter case, giving priority to domestic tax rules may constitute an internationally wrongful act, which, in turn, may have economic, political and legal consequences.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Khan, Jamil, et al.
(författare)
-
Kapacitetsbyggande för ekosocial integration : Utmaningar och möjligheter för Lunds kommun
- 2024
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Klimatförändringar och social rättvisa är två sammanlänkade utmaningar för städer och kommuner. I takt med att miljö- och klimatkriserna förvärras blir behovet av att sammanlänka ekologisk och social hållbarhet alltmer centralt för städers och kommuners omställning. Tidigare separata åtgärder för dessa områden har ofta misslyckats med att tillvarata synergier och hantera motsättningar. Projektet undersöker möjligheter att överbrygga dessa utmaningar genom integrerad planering och styrning. Rapporten bidrar med kunskap och praktiska verktyg för Lund och andra kommuner som strävar efter att integrera hållbarhetsdimensionerna i sin verksamhet. Genom att skapa en mer sammanhängande strategi för klimatomställningen ska kommunen kunna ta vara på synergier och bättre hantera potentiella målkonflikter. Rapporten baseras på en mix av metoder inklusive dokumentanalys, djupintervjuer och praktikerworkshop. Resultaten visar på ett antal kärnområden där förbättringar kan genomföras. Bland annat föreslås en översyn och förstärkning av de styrande dokumenten för att bättre spegla de ekosociala aspekterna. Det rekommenderasatt skapa mer omfattande och integrerade nätverk för samarbete över förvaltningsgränserna samt att etablera nya former av medborgardialog för att öka transparensen och inkluderingen i hållbarhetsarbetet. Slutligen pekar rapporten på behovet av kontinuerlig utbildning och kompetensutveckling för kommunens medarbetare i syfte att stärka den långsiktiga kapaciteten för ekosocial integration. Rapporten avslutas med en rad konkreta rekommendationer för hur Lunds kommun kan fortsätta att bygga kapacitet för ekosocial integration. Rekommendationerna omfattar strukturförändringar i organisationen, utveckling av integrerade styrningsprocesser och stärkt samarbete både inom kommunen och med externa aktörer.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Larsson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
-
Teamwork in home care nursing : A scoping literature review
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Health and Social Care in the Community. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524. ; 30:6, s. 3309-3327
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to an increased number of complex multi- and long-term ill patients, healthcare and nursing provided in patients' homes are expected to grow. Teamwork is important in order to provide effective and safe care. As care becomes more complex, the need for teamwork in home care nursing increases. However, the literature on teamwork in the patients' home environment is limited. The aim of this study is to describe the scope of the current literature on teamwork in home care nursing and outline needs for future research. Seven electronic databases were systematically searched and 798 articles were identified and screened. Seventy articles remained and were assessed for eligibility by two of the authors. Eight themes were identified among the 32 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Studies concerned with teamwork regarding isolated tasks/problems and specific teamwork characteristics were most common. Methods were predominantly qualitative. Multiple method approaches and ethnographic field studies were rare. Descriptions of the context were often lacking. The terms ‘team’ and ‘teamwork’ were inconsistently used and not always defined. However, it is apparent that teamwork is important and home care nurses play a crucial role in the team, acting as the link between professionals, the patient and their families. Future studies need to pay more attention to the context and be more explicit about how the terms team and teamwork are defined and used. More research is also needed regarding necessary team skills, effects of teamwork on the work environment and technology-mediated teamwork.
|
|
| 27. |
- Leo, Ulf, Docent, universitetslektor, et al.
(författare)
-
External expectations and well-being, fundamental and forgotten perspectives in school leadership : a study on new leadership roles, trust and accountability
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Re-centering the critical potential of Nordic school leadership research. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 2365-9548 .- 2365-9556. - 9783030550264 - 9783030550271 ; , s. 209-229
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the authors argue that the link between expectations, health and well-being is a fundamental and often forgotten perspective in school leadership. The principals' work situations contain many possibilities that may evoke unclear, or negative outcome expectations, which may trigger the physiological stress response and associated feelings of stress and discomfort. These expectations are companioned with signs of an imbalance between personal resources and the challenges faced, preventing the principals from achieving their full potential for both their own benefit and that of the organization. A contributing factor to the orchestration of the principals' stressful expectations is the introduction of more layers of leadership. This has led to a clash between different forms of accountability; distrust and uncertainty about what mandate, responsibility and accountability the principals have in their schools and, in the process, created a feeling of inadequacy among the principals.The study is based on nine group interviews conducted in three cities. It seems like a healthy and well-functioning balance between different external expectations, challenges, resources, trust, control and different forms of accountability are health-promoting factors. Well-being will certainly be an important factor in recruiting new principals in the near future.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Linefur, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Växtnäringsförluster i små jordbruksdominerade avrinningsområden 2022/2023 : årsredovisning för miljöövervakningsprogrammet Typområden på jordbruksmark
- 2024
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det agrohydrologiska året 2022/2023 var både varmare och torrare än normalt i alla typområden utom i västra Östergötland och i Hälsingland. Augusti var varm och nederbördsrik i de östra och mellersta delarna (Östergötland, Västmanland och Uppland), och varm och torr i södra Sverige (Halland, Skåne, Blekinge och östra Småland) samt i Dalsland. Även oktober och november var varmare än normalt i hela landet, med temperaturer på mellan två och tre grader över det normala. December var däremot kallare än normalt, och i alla typområden utom M36 i Skåne, K32 i Blekinge och H29 i Småland kom nederbörden som snö, som därefter låg kvar i en till två veckor. Januari var varm och nederbördsrik, och nederbörden kom som regn i alla områden utom X2 i Hälsingland där det kom snö som därefter låg kvar till början av april. I C6 i Uppland varierade vintervädret mellan kalla dagar och perioder med både tö och regn. Detta ledde till att en stor del av höstrapsen behövde köras upp på våren, samt att stående vatten och isfläckar i höstvetet resulterade i stora döda fläckar på fälten. Inledningen på våren (mars och april) var kallare än normalt i alla typområden, medan maj i stället bjöd på högre temperaturer än normalt, framförallt i de mellersta och norra delarna (Dalsland, Östergötland, Västmanland och Hälsingland). Mars var även väldigt nederbördsrik i hela landet, medan april och maj var torrare än normalt, i synnerhet i södra Sverige (Halland, Skåne, Småland och Blekinge) och östra delen av landet (Östergötland, Mälardalen, Gotland och Hälsingland). Juni var mycket varmare än normalt i hela landet, och dessutom ovanligt torr i Skåne, Halland, Östergötland, Västmanland samt på Gotland. Den kalla starten på våren ledde till att tillväxten på grödorna inledningsvis var lite långsam, men tog fart i maj och juni när värmen kom.Årsavrinningen var mycket mindre än normalt i M42 i Skåne, N34 i Halland, H29 och F26 i Småland, O17 och O18 i Västergötland samt U8 i Västmanland, mycket större än normalt i M39 i Skåne, E21 i Östergötland samt X2 i Hälsingland och runt det normala i övriga områden. Avrinningen var låg eller mycket låg i juli och augusti i alla typområden utom X2 i Hälsingland där dagar med kraftig nederbörd ökade avrinningen tillfälligt. I typområde C6 i Uppland, E21 i Östergötland och X2 i Hälsingland uppmättes tillfälliga flödestoppar i augusti och september i samband med kraftig nederbörd. Avrinningen kom igång ordentligt i mitten av oktober i typområdena i Västergötland och i slutet av december i övriga typområden i södra och mellersta Sverige. I typområde X2 i Hälsingland varierade flödet under hela vintern, och det stora flödet uppmättes i stället i april, i samband med snösmältningen.Årsmedelhalterna av totalkväve var högre än respektive långtidsmedelvärde i de flesta typområden. Även den totala transporten av totalkväve större än respektive långtidsmedelvärde i M39 i Skåne, K31 i Blekinge, O14 i Dalsland, I28 på Gotland, alla tre typområden i Östergötland samt X2 i Hälsingland. För totalfosfor låg årsmedelhalterna under respektive långtidsmedelvärde i K32 i Blekinge, I28 på Gotland, F26 i västra Småland samt E21 i Östergötland, och över eller mycket över det normala i typområde M42 i Skåne, K31 i Blekinge, H29 i östra Småland samt X2 i Hälsingland. Den totala transporten av totalfosfor var större än respektive långtidsmedelvärde i typområde M39 i Skåne, K31 i Blekinge, E24 i Östergötland samt X2 i Hälsingland.I område F26 i Småland var fosforgödslingen något större 2022 jämfört med föregående år, och i O18 i Västergötland var både kväve- och fosforgödslingen större än föregående år. I F26 berodde detta på större tillförsel av stallgödsel medan det i O18 berodde på större tillförsel av mineralgödsel. Den mesta stallgödslingen skedde på våren i alla typområden utom i C6 i Uppland, där all stallgödsling skedde på hösten. Andelen ekologiskt brukad mark var större än föregående år i typområde E21 i Östergötland och I28 på Gotland. I övriga områden med ekologisk odling låg andelen kvar på samma nivå som förra året.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Melbi, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
-
Carl Gustav Fernlund – domare i EU-domstolen
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Skattenytt. - 0346-1254. ; 2021:9, s. 634-639
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carl Gustav Fernlund var domare i EU-domstolen under åren 2011-2019. Vi träffade honom - digitalt naturligtvis - för att få en inblick i domstolens arbete och hans syn på domstolens verksamhet.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Nilsson, Anna Matilda, et al.
(författare)
-
Mixed Airway and Pulmonary Parenchymal Disease in Patients With Primary Sjögren Syndrome : A 6-year Follow-up
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - Toronto, Canada : Journal Of Rheumatology Publishing Co. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 48:2, s. 232-240
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess pulmonary function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development over time in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), as well as the association between pulmonary function, radiographic findings, respiratory symptoms, and clinical features of pSS, taking cigarette consumption into account.
|
|
| 38. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
School Principals’ Work Participation in an Extended Working Life—Are They Able to, and Do They Want to? A Quantitative Study of the Work Situation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to increase the knowledge regarding school principals’ work situations by examining the associations between various factors and the school principals’ assessments of their ability or wish to work until 65 years of age or longer. The 1356 participating school principals in this study were aged between 50 and 64 years of age. Individual and work factors were evaluated in relation to two dichotomized outcomes: i.e., can work and want to work beyond 65 years of age, respectively. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to specify bivariate and multivariate cross-sectional logistic regression models that accounted for repeated measurements. The results showed that, both in 2018 and 2019, about 83% of the school principals stated that they could work and about 50% stated that they wanted to work until 65 years of age and beyond. School principals’ exhaustion symptoms and experiences of an excessive burden were statistically significantly associated with whether they both could not and did not want to work beyond 65 years of age. Additionally, the school principals’ experiences of support from the executive management in the performance of their managerial duties was of primary importance for whether the school principals wanted to work until 65 years of age and beyond. To conclude, it is important that school principals receive sufficient support from the management to cope with their often very stressful leadership tasks so that they have the opportunity to be able and willing to continue working their entire working life. The study strengthens the robustness of the theoretical SwAge model regarding the investigated factors related to determinant factors for a sustainable working life and as a basis for developing practical tools for increased employability for people of older ages.
|
|
| 39. |
- Norberg, Lisbet, et al.
(författare)
-
Växtnäringsförluster från åkermark 2022/2023 : årsredovisning för miljöövervakningsprogrammet Observationsfält på åkermark
- 2024
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom programmet Observationsfält på åkermark undersöks avrinning, växtnäringsutlakning och odlingsåtgärder på ett antal fält (13 st) på olika platser i landet. Fälten ingår i gårdens normala drift. Programmet ingår i den nationella miljöövervakningen på jordbruksmark med Naturvårdsverket som ansvarig myndighet och med SLU som ansvarig utförare. I denna rapport redovisas resultat för det agrohydrologiska året juli 2022 – juni 2023. Rapporten redovisar bl.a. flödesvägda årsmedelhalter (mg/l) och transporter av näringsämnen (kg/ha) samt avrinning (mm) för varje fält, medan klimatet redovisas översiktligt för olika delar av Sverige.Perioden juli 2022 till juni 2023 var varmare än normalt i hela landet, i Skåne och Östergötland ungefär 1°C varmare än normalperioden 1991-2020. Under vintern 2022/2023 gick marktemperaturen aldrig under 0°C i Skåne och Östergötland medan i Västerbotten var marken frusen och täckt av ett tjockt snötäcke. Årsnederbörden och årsavrinningen var mindre än flerårsmedelvärdena i Skåne och Västerbotten medan Östergötland hade större årsnederbörd och årsavrinning än normalt. Höstvete har alltid varit en populär gröda på observationsfälten medan de tre nordligaste fälten alltid dominerats av vallodling.Årsmedelhalten av totalkväve var mycket högre än respektive långtidsmedelvärdet för fälten i Skåne (2M, 3M och 11M) medan resten av fälten låg nära eller under långtidsmedelvärdet. Årsmedelhalten av totalkväve i dräneringsvattnet för 2022/2023 varierade från 2,3 mg/l för fält 14AC till 37,0 mg/l för fält 3M. Årstransporten av totalkväve var över eller mycket över respektive fälts långtidsmedelvärde för de flesta av de sydligaste fälten och nära långtidsmedelvärdet eller mindre för resten av fälten. Årsmedelhalten av totalfosfor var nära långtidsmedelvärdet för alla fält utom 2M och 3M som hade högre värden. Fält 3M har även den högsta årsmedelhalten av totalfosfor (1,09 mg/l) av alla fält för 2022/2023 medan fält 12N och 21E har den lägsta halten (0,01 mg/l). Årstransporten av totalfosfor följde för de flesta fält årsavrinningen, med större årstransport från fält med stor årsavrinning och mindre årstransport då årsavrinningen var liten.Observationsfälten firade förra året 50 år. I den här rapporten beskrivs de två yngsta observationsfälten som trots att de är yngst, ändå har varit i gång i 34 år.
|
|
| 40. |
- Persson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Can journey mapping be used to visualize information sharing in home care?
- 2022. - 2. ed
-
Ingår i: Conference Proceedings of the 51st NES Conference 23-25 October 2022 Uppsala Sweden. - 9789150629750 ; , s. 179-179
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the use of journey mapping as a tool for visualizing theflow of information in home care. Journey mapping is a design method with the purpose of visualizing the interaction of a user and a product or service. It tries to encompass the whole user experience including actions and touch points between user and product, feelings and other related information. Hence, the visualized journey in a journey map is originally from one persons’ perspective. Here we will instead emanate from the perspective of the information, and draw the journey map based on different pieces of information, using a set of concrete scenarios from home care. The aim is to get a better understanding of how information flows in the home care setting, and the journey map will be a useful tool in the process of developing home care further. This can for example be in the process of designing digital support systems, for designing the information itself, or for developing work routines around the information.
|
|
| 41. |
- Persson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Digitalization and mobile work in home care nursing – how does it work in everyday practice?
- 2021
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we explore what digitally supported, mobile work in home care nursing may look like in practice. The results show that there is a large degree of self-determination among the nurses when it comes to organizing their work and that the digital systems can lead to an increased complexity. The diverse environment encountered in home care (as compared to the more standardized hospital environment) accentuates that digitalization has many sides to it and cannot be treated as a generic homogeneous entity regardless of context and task.
|
|
| 42. |
- Persson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
How Digital Systems Are Used in Swedish Home Care Nursing Practice : a qualitative interview study to identify challenges and opportunities
- 2023
-
Ingår i: CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing. - 1538-2931. ; 41:8, s. 586-594
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates how digital technology is used (or not used) in home care nursing, to identify challenges and opportunities that can move the digitalization of home care nursing forward. The use of digital technology in daily practices of home care nursing was analyzed based on semistructured interviews in four Swedish home care organizations. The results correspond to the two initial stages of a design thinking process: (1) knowledge about users and the use context, presented as an up-to-date description of how digital technology has affected home care nursing practice, and (2) definition of areas for improvement, presented as challenges and opportunities. We identified the following areas to proceed with in the subsequent stages of designing home care nursing digitalization: (1) nurses' ability to access information and conduct documentation in the field, particularly how new digital systems are integrated with existing routines and systems; (2) the multitude of communication processes that nurses must manage, including communication channels that are used and the level of synchronicity; (3) an increasingly complex digital working environment, where evaluating existing systems and routines is one way to learn where improvements can be most efficient.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Persson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of exhaustion symptoms and associations with school level, length of work experience and gender: a nationwide cross-sectional study of Swedish principals
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: While poor mental health and psychiatric disorders attributed to stressful work conditions are a public health concern in many countries, the health consequences of the occupational stress experienced by school principals is an understudied issue. Although current data is lacking, some research suggests that principals have a stressful work situation that eventually may lead to burnout and exhaustion disorder, thus negatively affecting the ability of principals to function as leaders. To gauge the situation in Sweden, and as a basis for future preventive actions, we examined to what extent principals displayed signs of exhaustion and whether the prevalence rates of exhaustion differed across school levels, length of work experience as a principal, and gender.METHODS: Principals (N = 2219; mean age 49 years [SD 7 years]; 78% women) working at least 50% in pre-schools, compulsory schools, upper secondary schools or adult education completed a cross-sectional web survey entailing two validated inventories: The Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale (KEDS) and the Lund University Checklist for Incipient Exhaustion (LUCIE). Data was analysed using traditional non-parametric methods. Gender stratification achieved covariate balance when analysing school level and length of work experience.RESULTS: Altogether, 29.0% of the principals met the exhaustion criteria in KEDS. The prevalence rates for the four LUCIE-steps of increasing signs of exhaustion were: no signs of stress, 48.8%; weak signs of stress, 25.6%; clear signs of stress but no exhaustion, 15.4%; possible exhaustion disorder, 10.2%. Compared with male principals, female principals reported more signs of possible exhaustion disorder in both LUCIE and KEDS. School level was not associated with reports of exhaustion symptoms in neither LUCIE nor KEDS. Among male principals, length of work experience was associated with exhaustion symptoms in KEDS.CONCLUSIONS: A large group of Swedish principals working in pre-schools, compulsory schools, upper secondary schools or adult education displayed a symptomatology of signs of exhaustion that if sustained might lead to poor health. This observation suggests that education authorities, or other relevant stakeholders, ought to take some form of preventive action. However, effective combinations of individual, group, organisational, and/or societal preventive activities remain to be identified and tested.
|
|
| 46. |
- Persson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-reported noise sensitivity and perceived enjoyment of working in an open office environment
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Social and Occupational Ergonomics. ; 152, s. 70-79
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals may vary in their sensitivity to noise and this may affect how they relate to their surroundings. As part of an intervention project about the psychosocial effects of informational sound masking, we examined the occurrence of self-labeled noise sensitive individuals as well as the association between three indicators of noise sensitivity and one indicator for the perceived enjoyment of working in an open office environment. We also examined how the indicators of noise sensitivity correlated with age, gender and ratings of behavioural and architectural countermeasures, and the perceived impact of the sound environment on work tasks. Sixty-eight individuals (32 women and 35 men) between 24 and 64 years of age participated by responding to an online questionnaire at baseline in March 2023. The results showed that 47 % labeled themselves as at least being somewhat sensitive to sounds, while 53 % stated that they were not especially, or not at all, sensitive to sounds. Furthermore, 57 % reported that they much, or to a high degree, enjoyed working in an open office environment, whereas 43 % reported that they did not, or only to some extent enjoyed this. Spearman rank order correlations indicated that individuals who labeled themselves as noise sensitive, or reported having a propensity to react very strongly to sounds, were more likely to report a lesser enjoyment of working in an open office environment. In addition, they were also more likely to rate that the sound environment negatively influenced their ability to concentrate and to perform at work. Accordingly, individual variations in sound sensitivity is one factor to consider when designing and operating open office environments; and may also be a factor that impacts the recruitment of individuals to employments in open office environments.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Persson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
-
Självskattad hälsa och förekomst av utmattningstecken bland Svenska skolledare : Tvärsnittsresultat från 2018 och 2019
- 2020
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport redovisas delresultat från ett treårigt forskningsprojekt somfinansieras av AFA-försäkringar. Projektet heter ”Skolledares arbetsmiljö: Ettprojekt om organisatoriska förutsättningar, stressrelaterad psykisk ohälsa,personalrörlighet och förbättringspotential”. Projektet är ett tvärvetenskapligtsamarbete mellan Avdelningen för arbets- och miljömedicin (AMM) ochInstitutionen för psykologi (IfP) vid Lunds Universitet samt Centrum förskolledarutveckling vid Umeå Universitet.I rapporten redovisas tvärsnittsresultat från totalt 2749 skolledare sombesvarade en webbenkät åtminstone en gång något av åren 2018 (n=2274) och2019 (n=1959). Fokus ligger på att belysa skolledarnas självskattade hälsa samtatt värdera hur stor andel av skolledarna som uppvisar tidiga tecken påutmattning eller uttalade tecken på utmattning. Om hänsyns tas tillundersökningens begräsningar, visar resultaten att cirka 20-25% av skolledarnaligger i riskzonen för att utveckla UMS om deras situation blir varaktig.Samtidigt rapporterarmajoriteten av skolledarna sin allmänhälsa som god ellermycket god.
|
|
| 49. |
- Persson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
-
Supportive and demanding managerial circumstances and associations with excellent workability : a cross-sectional study of Swedish school principals
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2050-7283. ; 9:1, s. 1-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The leadership of principals is important for school, teacher and student related outcomes. To be capable of doing their work (i.e., having sufcient workability), school principals need proper organisational preconditions, motivation, and good health. It is therefore concerning that some studies suggest that principals have a work situation that risks taxing their health and reducing their workability. However, few studies have examined the psychosocial working conditions of principals and no study has gauged principals’ workability. Accordingly, we decided to examine Swedish principals’ workability and their perceptions of eight demanding and five supportive managerial circumstances as well as the associations between managerial circumstances and reports of excellent workability.Methods: The participants comprised 2219 Swedish principals (78% women) who completed a cross-sectional web survey in 2018. A brief version of the Gothenburg Manager Stress Inventory (GMSI-Mini) gauged managerial circumstances. Workability was assessed with the workability score (0–10; WAS). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between managerial circumstances and reports of excellent workability (WAS≥9). Covariates were: length of work experience as a principal, school level, self-rated health, and general self-efcacy. Results: The results showed that circa 30% of the principals reported excellent workability. The GMSI-Mini results showed that role conficts, resource defcits, and having to harbour co-workers’ frustrations were the most frequently encountered managerial demands. Meanwhile, cooperating co-workers, supportive manager colleagues, and a supportive private life were the most supportive managerial circumstances. Adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that role conficts and role demands were associated with an increased likelihood of reporting less than excellent workability. In contrast, supportive managerial colleagues, a supportive private life and supportive organisational structures were associated with an increased likelihood of reporting excellent workability.Conclusion: Circa 30% of the participating principals perceived their workability to be excellent. Reducing role demands, clarifying the principals’ areas of responsibility and accountability in relation to other actors in the governing chain (role conficts), striving for increased role clarity, and striving to find ways to separate work and private life, seem to be promising intervention areas if increasing principals’ workability is desired.
|
|
| 50. |
- Persson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
-
Supportive and demanding managerial circumstances and associations with excellent workability: a cross-sectional study of Swedish school principals
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe leadership of principals is important for school, teacher and student related outcomes. To be capable of doing their work (i.e., having sufficient workability), school principals need proper organisational preconditions, motivation, and good health. It is therefore concerning that some studies suggest that principals have a work situation that risks taxing their health and reducing their workability. However, few studies have examined the psychosocial working conditions of principals and no study has gauged principals’ workability. Accordingly, we decided to examine Swedish principals’ workability and their perceptions of eight demanding and five supportive managerial circumstances as well as the associations between managerial circumstances and reports of excellent workability.MethodsThe participants comprised 2219 Swedish principals (78% women) who completed a cross-sectional web survey in 2018. A brief version of the Gothenburg Manager Stress Inventory (GMSI-Mini) gauged managerial circumstances. Workability was assessed with the workability score (0–10; WAS). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between managerial circumstances and reports of excellent workability (WAS ≥ 9). Covariates were: length of work experience as a principal, school level, self-rated health, and general self-efficacy.ResultsThe results showed that circa 30% of the principals reported excellent workability. The GMSI-Mini results showed that role conflicts, resource deficits, and having to harbour co-workers’ frustrations were the most frequently encountered managerial demands. Meanwhile, cooperating co-workers, supportive manager colleagues, and a supportive private life were the most supportive managerial circumstances. Adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that role conflicts and role demands were associated with an increased likelihood of reporting less than excellent workability. In contrast, supportive managerial colleagues, a supportive private life and supportive organisational structures were associated with an increased likelihood of reporting excellent workability.ConclusionCirca 30% of the participating principals perceived their workability to be excellent. Reducing role demands, clarifying the principals’ areas of responsibility and accountability in relation to other actors in the governing chain (role conflicts), striving for increased role clarity, and striving to find ways to separate work and private life, seem to be promising intervention areas if increasing principals’ workability is desired.
|
|
