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- Eriksson, Lina, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatomställning och krav på kompensation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Tidskrift för politisk filosofi. - 1402-2710. ; 26:1, s. 21-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En aktuell fråga på energirättvisans område är hur vi ska för- dela de kostnader som uppstår när vi ska fasa ut fossila bränslen och ställa om våra energisystem till nollutsläpp. Enligt vissa kan en sådan omställning bara vara rättvis (man talar då om ”just transi- tion”) om de hårdast drabbade aktörerna ersätts på olika sätt. Ar- gumenten för ersättning är ibland pragmatiska, och säger då att kli- matomställningen är svår att genomföra i praktiken om inte de som drabbas negativt av den ersätts, eftersom motståndet annars blir för stort (Abram et al. 2020). Men det finns även ett moraliskt argu- ment som säger att de som drabbas utsätts för en orättvisa och där- med förtjänar kompensation. De negativa konsekvenserna behöver inte vara rent ekonomiska – de kan även vara emotionella – men er- sättningen tar alltid formen av att staten överför extra ekonomiska medel till olika ändamål. I denna artikel utgår vi från att graden av kompensation bör bero på i vilken grad det kan anses vara orättvist att olika aktörer drabbas på olika sätt, vilket i sin tur beror på hur moraliskt ansvariga dessa aktörer är för de utsläpp som har skett. Vi tillämpar denna tanke i två konkreta klimatpolitiska fall – nedläggningar av kol- kraftverk och höjningar av bensinskatten – och argumenterar för att de krav som ibland ställs på kompensation för aktörer som kol- kraftsarbetare och bilister sällan är rimliga.
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| 3. |
- Ran, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of public policy interventions for environmentally sustainable food consumption: a systematic map of available evidence
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - 2047-2382. ; 13
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The global food system is inflicting substantial environmental harm, necessitating a shift towards more environmentally sustainable food consumption practices. Policy interventions, for example, information campaigns, taxes and subsidies and changes in the choice context are essential to stimulate sustainable change, but their effectiveness in achieving environmental goals remains inadequately understood. Existing literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on the role of public policies in promoting sustainable food consumption. Our systematic map addressed this gap by collecting and categorising research evidence on public policy interventions aimed at establishing environmentally sustainable food consumption patterns, in order to answer the primary research question: What evidence exists on the effects of public policy interventions for achieving environmentally sustainable food consumption?Methods Searches for relevant records (in English) were performed in WoS, Scopus, ASSIA, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, EconLit, Google Scholar and in bibliographies of relevant reviews. A grey literature search was also performed on 28 specialist websites (searches were made in the original language of the webpages and publications in English, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian were eligible) and Google Scholar (search in English). Screening was performed at title/abstract and full-text levels, with machine learning-aided priority screening at title/abstract level. Eligibility criteria encompassed settings, interventions (public policies on sustainable food consumption), target groups and outcomes. No critical appraisal of study validity was conducted. Data coding covered bibliographic details, study characteristics, intervention types and outcomes. Evidence was categorised into intervention types and subcategories. Visual representation utilised bar plots, diagrams, heatmaps and an evidence atlas. This produced a comprehensive overview of effects of public policy interventions on sustainable food consumption patterns.Review findings The evidence base included 227 articles (267 interventions), with 92% of studies in high-income countries and only 4% in low-income countries. Quantitative studies dominated (83%), followed by mixed methods (16%) and qualitative studies (1%). Most interventions were information-based and 50% of reviewed studies looked at labels. Information campaigns/education interventions constituted 10% of the sample, and menu design changes and restriction/editing of choice context 8% each. Market-based interventions represented 13% of total interventions, of which two-thirds were taxes. Administrative interventions were rare (< 1%). Proxies for environmental impact (85%) were more frequent outcome measures than direct impacts (15%). Animal-source food consumption was commonly used (19%) for effects of interventions on, for example, greenhouse gas emissions. Most studies used stated preferences (61%) to evaluate interventions.Conclusions The literature assessing policies for sustainable food consumption is dominated by studies on non-intrusive policy instruments; labels, information campaigns, menu design changes and editing choice contexts. There is a strong need for research on sustainable food policies to leave the lab and enter the real world, which will require support and cooperation of public and private sector stakeholders. Impact evaluations of large-scale interventions require scaling-up of available research funding and stronger multidisciplinary research, including collaborations with industry and other societal actors. Future research in this field should also go beyond the European and North American context, to obtain evidence on how to counteract increasing environmental pressures from food consumption worldwide.
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