| 1. |
- Peters, Greg, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Prospects for Mixed Textile Recycling in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 7:13, s. 11682-11690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of cotton and other fibers causes excessive resource use and environmental impacts, and the deployment of these fibers in “fast fashion” is creating large masses of textile waste. Therefore, various industrial researchers are attempting to develop systems to recycle cellulosic materials. This is a challenging undertaking because of the need to handle mixed waste streams. Alkaline hydrolysis has been suggested as a useful textile recycling process, but its sustainability credentials have not been fully examined via life cycle assessment. The aim of this article is to provide such an examination and to guide process developers by scaling up results from recent laboratory work to a small-scale industrial facility. The results indicate that the recycling process is promising from an environmental point of view. The key issue controlling the relative environmental performance of the recycling system in comparison to a single-use benchmark is how the process for converting recovered cotton into a cellulosic fiber is performed. A fully integrated viscose production system or a system that makes one of the newer cellulosic fibers (e.g., lyocell) from the recovered cotton will improve the performance of the recycling system relative to its alternatives.
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| 2. |
- Peters, Greg, et al.
(författare)
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LCA on fast and slow garment prototypes
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report summarises the environmental assessment work done in the Mistra Future Fashion program focussed on the potential to improve the environmental performance of garments and adapt them to a circular economy. The approaches examined in this report include reducing the environmental impacts from fast-fashion trends by making garments from paper-based materials, or by extending garment life cycles.This assessment considers two paper-based garments. One is made primarily from paper pulp but enhanced with a polylactic acid polymer. This garment is worn between two to five times before being recycled as newspaper. The other fast garment is made of paper pulp, polylactic acid and nanocellulose. It has a similar life cycle but is composted after use life. These garments are compared with a standard t-shirt. The report also considers a slow-paced scenario in which a polyester garment passes between several owners and is regularly changed to maintain its appeal. It is updated with a transfer sublimation overprint three times, making the garment darker each time. Later it is joined with an outer shell of new material using laser technology to make a cropped, box-cut jacket.The assessment was performed using environmental life cycle assessment. More particularly, the assessment was based on attributional process analysis with cutoff allocation procedures and comparison with a traditional reference garment life cycle. Key environmental effect categories considered here include climate change (greenhouse gas emissions), freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity and human toxicity (cancer and non-cancer).The results indicate that the environmental outcomes of the paper-based garments can be competitive with the reference garment, particularly when the user is assumed to throw away a fully functional reference garment after five uses. This assumption may be true for some users, but the number of uses is considerably lower than the typical or the potential lifespan of the reference garment. The main factor assisting the paper-based garments is the reduction in the impacts per mass associated with material manufacturing (fibres, spinning, knitting), and also their lighter masses. Avoided impacts in the use phase play a secondary role on account of their location in Sweden with its low-carbon energy mix. The long-life garments are also competitive compared with their reference garments. This is primarily a consequence of how extending garment life avoids the production of new garments. The environmental impacts associated with transfer sublimation dye reprinting and laser processing do not significantly impact the overall environmental performance of the extended longlife garments, though confidentiality of data prevents a full assessment of these.The garments in this report are pilot products and explorative scenarios rather than attempts to model existing business or behavioural patterns. The reader should therefore take care to keep the results in context when interpreting them. Nevertheless, the results suggest the value of pursuing the potential associated with these garment life cycles. We should also bear in mind that while the reference garments in this assessment are based on typical usage patterns, other more sustainable patterns are feasible.
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| 3. |
- Abadir Guirgis, Georg, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Simulatorbaserad utbildning i ERTMS : utvärdering av utbildning och träning för lokförare i VTI:s tågsimulator
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta notat presenterar en studie för att utvärdera VTI:s tågsimulator för träning och utbildning i ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) för lokförare. Resultaten visar att både lärare och elever är mycket positiva till den simulatorbaserade träningen och mycket tyder på att teori och simulatorträning som varvas ger bäst resultat. På sikt ska de större järnvägsstråken i Sverige utrustas med ERTMS. Detta kommer kräva stora utbildningsinsatser för Sveriges cirka 3 500 lokförare. Det är orealistiskt att dessa ska utbildas på riktiga spår och det finns ett behov av en mer realistisk ERTMS-simulator än den ERSA-simulator som Trafikverket erbjuder idag. Studiens syfte var därför att utvärdera VTI:s tågsimulator, dels jämfört med European Rail Software Applications (ERSA) simulatorn, dels för att studera två olika sätt att kombinera teoretisk utbildning med praktisk träning i simulator. Tre olika grupper jämfördes: Teoretisk utbildning i ERTMS kombinerat med träning i ERSA-simulator (grupp 0), teoretisk utbildning i ERTMS som avslutades med träning i VTI-simulatorn (grupp 1) och teoretisk utbildning i ERTMS som till viss del varvades med träning i VTI-simulatorn (grupp 2). Grupp 1 och 2 fick avsluta utbildningen med ett teoretiskt prov och ett praktiskt körprov i simulator. Grupp 0 endast fick göra det teoretiska provet.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Anders, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Framtagning av loktågsmodell för VTI:s tågsimulator
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Genom höjda hastigheter för godståg finns möjligheter till en högre prioritering av trafikslaget hos tågtrafikledningen, vilket i sig är en kapacitetsvinst och bör ge upphov till bättre flöden och högre kapacitet på det svenska järnvägsnätet (framför allt på stambanorna). Simulatorer är ett effektivt och säkert sätt att undersöka effekter av förändringar på både förarbeteende och kapacitet.Syftet med det här projektet var att skapa kapacitetshöjande möjligheter och åtgärder genom att ta fram en loktågssimulator och undersöka möjliga användningsområden för denna. Målet med projektet var att få fram en loktågssimulator, bestående av ett lok och ett antal vagnar, som kan användas i studier för att öka kapaciteten genom till exempel optimerad hastighet, och därmed förändrade bromsprofiler, för loktåg. Projektet har levererat kunskap i form av nya testmetoder, en loktågssimulator samt mjukvaruplattform för ytterligare testverksamhet.Projektet genomfördes i tre successiva etapper. I den första etappen genomfördes en förstudie med lokförare, operatörer och problemägare, som gav forskarna en förståelse för förarmiljön. Här samlades även in en del av det underlag som krävdes för utveckling av loktågsimulatorn. I den andra etappen utvecklades en simulator för loktåg (mjukvara och hårdvara). Etapp tre var en valideringsstudie tillsammans med lokförare.Ett förarbord av modellen Traxx köptes in från en tysk tillverkare. Fordonsmodellen utvecklades från en enstaka enhet, Reginamodell (motorvagnståg), till en kombination av flera enheter. Loktåget i simulatorn består av ett eller flera draglok samt ett antal vagnar med en total längd på maximalt 750 meter. Som draglok används ett lok av modellen Traxx. För varje enhet, lok och vagn, krävs data över enheten: längd, vikt, last, broms-, rull- och luftmotstånd. För lok tillkommer dessutom information om ljud, drivning, broms (återmatande elbroms samt konventionell pneumatisk broms (P-broms)), hyttutrustning med mera. För närvarande finns bansträckningen mellan Falköping–Jönköping–Forserum färdigmodellerad och kommer användas för loktågskörning med ATC. Modellen är konfigurerbar utifrån ett lok (Traxx) och i nuläget fyra olika vagnar. Dessa kan kopplas samman i olika kombinationer.Några användningsområden som diskuterades redan vid projektstart var dels de som naturligt kan kopplas till följder av längre och tyngre tåg, dels de idéer som uppkom som följd av den utrustning som köptes in. Vid Trafikverkets vintermöte genomfördes en workshop där ytterligare användningsområden diskuterades. Några av dessa handlar om utbildning,energieffektiv körning eller projektering. Utbildning och vissa typer av studier går att göra med den nu existerande loktågsmodellen, medan andra kräver antingen validering av parametrar eller viss vidareutveckling av modellen.Projektet har levererat kunskap i form av nya testmetoder, denna forskningsrapport och en produkt i form av en loktågssimulator samt mjukvaruplattform för ytterligare testverksamhet. Projektet har även levererat en nationell resurs i form av simulatormjukvara. Mjukvaran har lagt grunden för en kostnadseffektiv testverksamhet inom loktågsdomänen. En loktågssimulering (simulering av loktåg) har tagits fram, vilken kommer att vara värdefull som ett demonstrationsverktyg samt för utbildning, träning och projektering.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Simulatorbaserad testmetod : bedömning av körförmåga hos individer med synfältsbortfall
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projektet var att utveckla en metod för att bedöma om individer med synfältsbortfall kan köra på ett säkert sätt. Utgångspunkten för projektet var att metoden ska vara en simulatorbaserad metod eftersom i huvudsak två kriterier var önskvärda att uppfylla. Först var det viktigt att det systematiskt inträffade flera händelser som det var möjligt att utvärdera. För det andra bör dessa händelser vara samma för alla personer som skulle testas. Syftet var att utveckla en metod som optimerar giltigheten och tillförlitligheten när det gäller testning av var och en av unika individer. Testningen på den individuella nivån var viktig eftersom metoden inte skulle användas för forskningsändamål, utan i första hand för att bestämma huruvida en unik individ med synfältsförlust kan köra på ett säkert sätt. När man testar en individ kan flera detaljer gå fel under ett vanligt experiment. Det har en minimal inverkan på försöket eftersom det oftast är möjligt att komplettera datainsamlingen med en annan individ. Det är inte ett alternativ för detta projekt. I denna testning får det inte gå fel eftersom individen inte kan få en andra chans, dvs. det finns ingen möjlighet för individen att få komma tillbaka och bli testad igen.Dessa två kriterier och punkter ovan har resulterat i den metod som utvecklats. När en individ genomförde en testning utvecklades ett testprotokoll som genererades ur simulator data (efter en hel del arbete). Detta protokoll visar hur individen utfört 37 (+2) händelser (och de relaterade måtten för varje händelse) utifrån ett säkerhetsmarginalperspektiv. För att stödja bedömare med bedömningen av en testad individ har a) data från en referensgrupp (över 100 personer) och b) ett utvecklat testprotokoll (med kritiska trösklar för olika mätningar) använts. Bedömningen utfördes av två oberoende bedömare. Om bedömarna var överens behövdes inga ytterligare bedömningar utföras. Om bedömarna inte var överens gjorde en tredje bedömare en bedömning. Syftet med testprotokollet är att de personer som vill använda testprotokollet som grund för en ansökan om undantag kan göra det. Det är fortfarande Transportstyrelsen, som beslutar om undantag.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Visual reaction time abilities relation to driving performance : a simulator based driving performance experiment with visually impaired individuals
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature suggests that ocular diseases are negatively related to driving performance. The factors associated with safe driving is discussed and perceptual abilities are suggested to be related to crash involvement. The present study will focus on i) perceptual tasks or reaction time tasks and ii) attentional and cognitive tasks. All tasks will be visual and cognitive demanding and the objective is to understand how different visual cognitive tasks are related to driving performance. The motive is to be able to discriminate between safe versus unsafe drivers with visual deficits but also understand how different mental mechanisms are related to safe, or unsafe, driving.The reaction time tasks are interesting since the reaction time of participants in the study can be measured when performing the driving task. The participants’ reaction time when an object is possible to detect can be measured i) within the complex driving scenario as well as in tasks ii) mimicking driving and iii) “regular” computerized reaction time tasks such as the Simon task. Hence, the objective is two-folded to develop a simulator based method able to discriminate between safe versus unsafe drivers (among the visual deficit population). Second, to pinpoint the importance of visual reaction time and different cognitive tasks on driving performance.The cognitive, attentional demanding tasks are not as analyzed at this point but will be elaborated on in the presentation. The tasks are presented in the method section.The summarised data on patients with Glaucoma, Cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy reveal, on a general level, is that ocular diseases impair driver performance. The literature also suggests, for instance, that not all Glaucoma patients fail on-road driving tests. In summary, the majority of the research literature results indicate, a) general decline in driving performance due to a visual impairment, but b) this is not true for all patients with the same visual deficit.
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| 7. |
- Collaboration, The PANDA, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility studies of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors at PANDA at FAIR
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 52:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation results for future measurements of electromagnetic proton form factors at P ¯ ANDA (FAIR) within the PandaRoot software framework are reported. The statistical precision with which the proton form factors can be determined is estimated. The signal channel p¯ p→ e+e- is studied on the basis of two different but consistent procedures. The suppression of the main background channel, i.e.p¯ p→ π+π-, is studied. Furthermore, the background versus signal efficiency, statistical and systematical uncertainties on the extracted proton form factors are evaluated using two different procedures. The results are consistent with those of a previous simulation study using an older, simplified framework. However, a slightly better precision is achieved in the PandaRoot study in a large range of momentum transfer, assuming the nominal beam conditions and detector performance.
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| 8. |
- Dols, Juan F., et al.
(författare)
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Usefulness and acceptance of assessments of drivers with disabilities in simulation test rigs
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The legal reference in the field of driving license in the EU is currently the 2006/126/EC Directive, which stipulates that driving licenses shall be granted only to those who meet medical requirements and pass a driving test. This Directive has recently been updated with the Directive EU 2015/653. Actually, there is a lack of knowledge in the application of validated procedures for assessing (potential) drivers of adapted vehicles. The objective of this paper it is to present experimental results of driving assessment procedures developed for assessing drivers with impairments –both motor and sensory-. This assessment is based on performing a series of practical tests in a static test rig and a low-cost driving simulator.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Peters, Björn, 1978-
(författare)
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Clinical and quality aspects of native and transplant kidney biopsies in Sweden
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Percutaneous kidney biopsies have been performed since 1944 to establish diagnoses and treatment. Risk factors based on a limited amount of data have shown age, blood pressure, kidney function and needle size as some risk factors for biopsy complications. Although the techniques of biopsy have improved over the years, it is still an invasive procedure and serious complications can occur.The overall aim of this thesis was to obtain a large series of data from biopsy procedures and to use these to bring further light on risk factors to help minimize the risk for patients and to optimize diagnostics. Specific aims were to clarify if different factors, such as gender, diagnoses, localization of biopsies, needle types and sizes, could be useful to help minimize complication risks in native kidney biopsies (Nkb) and transplant kidney biopsies (Txb). Another point to investigate was the value of the Resistive Index (RI) obtained at ultrasound before performing Txb.Materials and methods: A protocol for prospective multicentre registration of various factors and complications associated with Nkb and Txb was designed. Consecutive data were obtained from seven hospitals. All biopsies, except one computer tomography-guided Nkb, were performed using real-time ultrasound guidance and an automated spring-loaded biopsy device. For the biopsies 14- to 20- Gauge (G) needles were used. The kidney function level, i.e. estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula (GFR in mL/min per 1.73m2). For statistical analyses the IBM SPSS Statistic 22 (Armonk, NY, USA) and OpenEpi (Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health, www.OpenEpi.com) were used. Data were presented as Odds Ratio (OR), Risk Ratio (RR) and Confidence Intervals (CI). A two sided p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. In total 1299 consecutive biopsies (1039 native and 260 transplant kidneys) in 1178 patients (456 women and 722 men) were used for investigation. The median age of patients was 55 years (range 16 to 90 years). Major (require an intervention) and minor biopsy complications (no need of intervention) were registered.Results: The overall frequency of biopsy complications for Nkb was 8.8% (major 6.7%, minor 2.1%) and for Txb was 6.5% (major 3.8%, minor 2.7%); no death. Women had a higher risk for development of major (10.7% versus 4.7%, OR 2.4, CI 1.4-4.2) and overall biopsy complications (13.2% versus 6.5%, OR 2.2, CI 1.4-3.5) compared to men in Nkb. In Nkb, major complications were more common after biopsies from the right kidney in women versus men (10.8% vs 3.1%, OR 3.7, CI 1.5–9.5), in patients with lower versus higher BMI (25.5 vs 27.3, p=0.016) and for younger versus older age (44.8 vs 52.3 years, p=0.002). Lower (90 mmHg) compared to higher (98 mmHg) mean arterial pressure in Txb indicated a risk of major complications (p=0.039). Factors such as number of passes and kidney function did not influence complication rates. Biopsy needles of 16 G compared to 18 G showed more glomeruli per pass in Nkb (11 vs 8, p<0.001) and in Txb (12 vs 8, p<0.001). Sub-analysis revealed that 18 G 19 mm side-notch needles in Nkb resulted in more major (11.3% vs 3%, OR 4.1, CI 1.4-12.3) and overall complications (12.4% vs 4.8%, OR 2.8, CI 1.1-7.1) in women than in men. If the physician had performed less compared to more than four Nkb per year, minor (3.5% vs 1.4%, OR 2.6, CI 1.1-6.2) and overall complications (11.5% vs 7.4%, OR 1.6, CI 1.1-2.5) were more common. The localization of biopsy within the kidney (Nkb and Txb) was not a risk factor for complications. Patients with IgA-nephritis compared to patients with other diseases had a higher risk of major complications (11.7% vs 6.4 %, OR 1.8, CI 1.1–3.2). More major complications were found in Nkb if they had higher versus lower degree of glomerulosclerosis (31% vs 20 %, p=0.008) and in Txb if there was a higher versus lower degree of interstitial fibrosis (82% vs 33%, p<0.001). Re-biopsies (Nkb) were more common in patients with IgA-nephritis than those with other diseases (4.7% vs 1.3 %, OR 4, CI 1.5–11), in younger versus older age (42.6 vs 52.3 years, p=0.031), and in those with a higher versus lower degree of interstitial fibrosis (63% vs 34 %, p=0.046). In Txb, a RI≥0.8 compared to RI<0.8 predicted major (13.3% vs 3.2%, RR 4.2, CI 1.3-14.1) and overall biopsy complications (16.7% vs 5.3%, RR 3.2, CI 1.2-8.6). In the group <0.8, RI correlated with age (rs=0.28, p<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (rs=0.18, p=0.02). In the group ≥0.8, RI correlated with degree of interstitial fibrosis (rs=0.65, p=0.006) and systolic blood pressure (rs=0.40, p=0.03). The multiple regression analysis showed that the <0.8 RI group correlated only with age (p<0.001), whereas the ≥0.8 RI group correlated only with the degree of interstitial fibrosis (p=0.003).Conclusions: The present results motivate greater attention to be paid to the possibility of major side-effects after Nkb in women and biopsies from their right side, but as well in younger patients, and in those with lower BMI. This also applies for patients with presumptive IgA-nephritis and higher degree of glomerulosclerosis. In Txb, patients with higher degree of interstitial fibrosis had a greater risk of major complications. Moreover, the present data indicate that Nkb and Txb should be preferably taken with 16 G needles with 20 mm sample size. This results in better histological quality and there is a lower risk for major complications as compared to 18 G needles. The localization of biopsy within the kidney (Nkb and Txb) does not alter complication rates. For Nkb there were fewer complications if the physician had performed at least four biopsies per year. A RI≥0.8 in Txb indicates a greater risk for major and overall complications.
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| 12. |
- Peters, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Desmopressin (Octostim (R)) before a native kidney biopsy can reduce the risk for biopsy complications in patients with impaired renal function: A pilot study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nephrology. - : Wiley. - 1320-5358 .- 1440-1797. ; 23:4, s. 366-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo evaluate whether the administration of desmopressin alters the risk for renal biopsy complications. MethodsA multicenter registry containing 576 native kidney biopsies (NKb) with a serum creatinine above 150mol/L in 527 patients (372 men and 155 women, median age 61years) was used. Most of the data were prospective. At one of the hospitals all biopsies with creatinine above 150mol/L received desmopressin before biopsies (NKb 204). These were compared to outcome of biopsy complications against other centres where desmopressin was not given (NKb 372). Fisher's exact test, (2) analyses, univariate and multiple binary logistic regression were used. Data were given as odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). A two sided P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. ResultsIn NKb with creatinine >150mol/L, those with desmopressin had less overall (3.4% vs 8.4%, OR 0.39, CI 0.17-0.90) whereas major or minor complications were not different. While desmopressin did not exhibit difference in complications in men, women received less major (0% vs 8.6%, P=0.03) and overall complications (0% vs 12.1%, P=0.006). A multiple logistic regression revealed that, after adjusting for BMI, age and sex, prophylaxis with desmopressin showed less major (OR 0.38, CI 0.15-0.96) and overall complications (OR 0.36, CI 0.15-0.85). ConclusionDesmopressin given before a native kidney biopsy in patients with impaired renal function can reduce the risk for complications.
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| 13. |
- Peters, Björn, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of driving simulator based training for older drivers in Sweden : Deliverable 2.4.3
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Being able to assess your own performance can be vital to maintain safe mobility for older drivers. Overestimation can lead to increased risk of being involved in a crash and underestimation to unjustifiable restrictions in mobility. A pre/post intervention study was conducted with the aim to improve older drivers’ ability to assess their own driving performance. The aim was not to improve performance per se but the ability to assess, i.e. to calibrate themselves. Thus, a driving simulator program was developed and evaluated with a group of 36 older drivers. However, due to simulator sickness only 21 driver completed the study. Drivers repeatedly assessed their driving performance by answering the question “How well do you think you performed on the driving task? (1 = very bad to 5 = very well)”. As a reference of correctly assessed driving performance we used an experienced occupational therapist (specialised in driver assessment) who assessed the drive with the same scale (expert assessment).Feedback can be an effective tool for change, which we wanted to evaluate. Thus, feedback to the drivers were given as a specification of errors made (e.g. forgot to use direction indicators, driving too fast, etc.). Feedback could also include information on correct behaviour (e.g. give way to pedestrians, keeping the right speed etc.). Thus, the drivers were divided into two groups: one (n=11) who were told of their misses and one (n=10) who were also informed about their correct behaviour. Training was done at three different occasions.
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| 14. |
- Peters, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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High Resistive Index in Transplant Kidneys Is a Possible Predictor for Biopsy Complications
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transplantation Proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-1345 .- 1873-2623. ; 48:8, s. 2714-2717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Transplant kidney biopsies are performed to determine a histological diagnosis for specific patient treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate if Resistive Index (RI) could be a predictor for biopsy complications. Methods. In this study, 220 consecutive transplant kidney biopsies (136 men and 84 women; median age, 55.5 years) were prospectively included. RI (median, 0.7) was measured by use of ultrasound. Histological diagnoses and biopsy complications were registered. Biopsy needles were either 16- or 18-gauge. Biopsies were performed by radiologists and were carried out as an outpatient procedure (70%) or an inpatient procedure (30%). Usually three passes per biopsy were performed. Results. The overall complication rate was 6.8%, divided into major (4.5%) and minor (2.3%) complications. An RI >= 0.8 predicts major (13.3% versus 3.2%; risk ratio [RR], 4.2; confidence interval [CI], 1.3-14.1; P=.03) and overall biopsy complications (16.7% versus 5.3%; RR, 3.2; CI, 1.2-8.6; P=.04) compared with RI <0.8. In the group <0.8, RI correlated with age (r(s) = 0.28, P<.001) and systolic blood pressure (r(s) = 0.18, P=.02). In the group >= 0.8, RI correlated with degree of interstitial fibrosis (r(s) = 0.65, P=.006) and systolic blood pressure (r(s) = 0.40, P =.03). The multiple regression analysis showed that in the group <0.8, the RI correlated only with age (P<.001), whereas in the group >= 0.8, RI correlated only with the degree of interstitial fibrosis (P=.003). Conclusions. An RI >= 0.8 indicates greater risk for major and overall biopsy complications and should result in greater caution after biopsy.
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| 15. |
- Peters, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk of renal biopsy complications in patients with IgA-nephritis.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1437-7799 .- 1342-1751. ; 19:6, s. 1135-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate if specific clinical and histological findings can be related to biopsy complications to enable more closely monitoring patients at high risk.Results from 1081 biopsies (994 patients, median age 54.5 years; 896 native and 185 transplant kidney biopsies) were included. Diagnostic quality, morphology, clinical data and complications were prospectively registered.In native kidney biopsies, the most common diagnosis was IgA-nephritis, while in transplant kidney biopsies it was rejection. Patients with IgA-nephritis had a higher risk of major complications (11.7 versus 6.4 %, Odds Ratio (OR) 1.8, Confidence Interval (CI) 1.1-3.2) when compared to patients with other diseases. In native kidney biopsies, patients who experienced major complications had higher degrees of glomerulosclerosis (31 versus 20 %, p = 0.008), whereas in transplant kidney biopsies, patients had higher degrees of interstitial fibrosis (82 versus 33 %, p < 0.001) when compared to patients without major complications. IgA-nephritis-patients had a higher risk of re-biopsies (4.7 versus 1.3 %, OR 4, CI 1.5-11) than patients with other diseases. Patients with native kidneys who needed re-biopsies were younger (42.6 versus 52.3 years, p = 0.031) and had a higher degree of interstitial fibrosis (63 versus 34 %, p = 0.046).Patients with IgA-nephritis have an increased risk of major biopsy complications. The risk of re-biopsies was higher in younger individuals and in patients with IgA-nephritis.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Peters, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Sixteen Gauge biopsy needles are better and safer than 18 Gauge in native and transplant kidney biopsies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 58:2, s. 240-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Kidney biopsies are essential for optimal diagnosis and treatment.PURPOSE: To examine if quality and safety aspects differ between types and sizes of biopsy needles in native and transplant kidneys.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 1299 consecutive biopsies (1039 native and 260 transplant kidneys) were included. Diagnostic quality, needle size and type, clinical data and complications were registered. Eight-three percent of the data were prospective.RESULTS: In native kidney biopsies, 16 Gauge (G) needles compared to 18 G showed more glomeruli per pass (11 vs. 8, P < 0.001) with less complications. Sub-analysis in native kidney biopsies revealed that 18 G 19-mm side-notch needles resulted in more major (11.3% vs. 3%; odds ratio [OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-12.3) and overall complications (12.4% vs. 4.8%; OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1-7.1) in women than in men. If the physician had performed less compared to more than four native kidney biopsies per year, minor (3.5% vs. 1.4%; OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-6.2) and overall complications (11.5% vs. 7.4%; OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5) were more common. In transplant kidney biopsies, 16 G needles compared to 18 G resulted in more glomeruli per pass (12 vs. 8, P < 0.001). No differences existed in frequency of biopsy complications. The localization of performing biopsies was not a risk factor to develop complications.CONCLUSION: Kidney biopsies taken by 16 G needles result in better histological quality and lower frequency of complications compared to 18 G. For native kidney biopsies the performer of the biopsy should do at least four biopsies per year.
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| 18. |
- Sandin, Gustav A, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental assessment of Swedish clothing consumption - six garments, sustainable futures
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this work was to map and understand the current environmental impact of Swedish clothing consumption. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to evaluate the environmental impact of six garments: a T-shirt, a pair of jeans, a dress, a jacket, a pair of socks, and a hospital uniform, using indicators of climate impact (also called “carbon footprint”), energy use, water scarcity, land use impact on soil quality, freshwater ecotoxicity, and human toxicity. The environmental impact of the six garments was then scaled up to represent Swedish national clothing consumption over one year.In addition to fulfilling this aim, the report is a unique and rich source of transparently documented inventory data on a large number of textile processes – hopefully this can be of use for other LCA practitioners. The report updates Roos et al. (2015), which was the first detailed LCA study of Swedish clothing consumption at the national level. Since the publication of the first edition, several LCA studies of textile production processes and global apparel consumption have been published, which have enabled us to refine the inventory model and benchmark the results.The work was done in Mistra Future Fashion, a cross-disciplinary research program in 2011-2019 which aimed to enable a systemic change in the Swedish fashion industry leading to sustainable development in industry and society.
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| 19. |
- Selander, Helena, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Driving simulator-based training to improve self-rating ability of driving performance in older adults - a pilot study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the potential of using simulator-based training (SBT) to improve older drivers' self-rating ability and to compare two forms of feedback; corrective versus corrective and rewarding feedback.MethodThe study was designed to study the possibility of training for self-rated driving ability in a simulator, and the impact of corrective (errors made) feedback versus corrective (errors made) and rewarding (correct behaviour) feedback during training. In total, 21 older drivers (mean age 78.5, SD=3.9 years) were trained and assessed in the driving simulator. Driving performance was assessed by penalty scores as well as self and expert ratings.ResultsThe average deviation from correctly rated ability (own vs. expert) changed from -0.7 (under-rating) to 0.1 at the final training and assessment occasion; i.e., drivers ratings became more like the expert's rating or, in other terms, better calibrated. The individuals with the largest deviations from the expert's rating initially improved their self-rating ability the most. There were no differences between the two feedback groups in terms of their ability to self-rate, but rewarding feedback had a positive effect on penalty scores. The SBT showed positive training effects on the ability to self-rate one's driving ability, and rewarding feedback contributed to lower penalty scores. However, simulator sickness was a shortcoming that needs to be adressed, and the optimal form of feedback should be further investigated.
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| 20. |
- Singh, B., et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility study for the measurement of pi N transition distribution amplitudes at (P)over-barANDA in (P)over-barp -> J/psi pi(0)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 95:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exclusive charmonium production process in (P) over barp annihilation with an associated pi 0 meson (p) over barp -> J/psi pi(0) is studied in the framework of QCD collinear factorization. The feasibility of measuring this reaction through the J/psi -> e(+) e(-) decay channel with the AntiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt ((P) over bar ANDA) experiment is investigated. Simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as the background rejection from various sources including the (P) over barp -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) and (p) over barp -> J/psi pi(0)pi(0) reactions are performed with PANDAROOT, the simulation and analysis software framework of the (P) over bar ANDA experiment. It is shown that the measurement can be done at (P) over bar ANDA with significant constraining power under the assumption of an integrated luminosity attainable in four to five months of data taking at the maximum design luminosity.
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| 21. |
- Singh, B. P., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental access to Transition Distribution Amplitudes with the PANDA experiment at FAIR
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 51:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Baryon-to-meson Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs) encoding valuable new information on hadron structure appear as building blocks in the collinear factorized description for several types of hard exclusive reactions. In this paper, we address the possibility of accessing nucleon-to-pion (pi N) TDAs from (p) over barp -> e(+)e(-)pi(0) reaction with the future PANDA detector at the FAIR facility. At high center-of-mass energy and high invariant mass squared of the lepton pair q(2), the amplitude of the signal channel (p) over barp -> e(+)e(-)pi(0) admits a QCD factorized description in terms of pi N TDAs and nucleon Distribution Amplitudes (DAs) in the forward aid backward kinematic regimes. Assuming the validity of this factorized description, we perform feasibility studies for measuring (p) over barp -> e(+)e(-)pi(0) with the PANDA detector. Detailed simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as on rejection of the most severe background channel, i.e. (p) over barp -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) were performed for the center-of-mass energy squared s = 5 GeV2 and s = 10 GeV2, in the kinematic regions 3.0 < q(2) < 4.3 GeV2 and 5 < q(2) < 9 GeV2, respectively, with a neutral pion scattered in the forward or backward cone vertical bar cos theta(pi 0)vertical bar > 0.5 in the proton-antiproton center-of-mass frame. Results of the simulation show that the particle identification capabilities of the PANDA detector will allow to achieve a background rejection factor of 5 . 10(7) (1 . 10(7)) at low (high) q(2) for s = 5 GeV2, and of 1 . 10(8) (6 . 10(6)) at low (high) q(2) for s = 10 GeV2, while keeping the signal reconstruction efficiency at around 40%. At both energies, a clean lepton signal can be reconstructed with the expected statistics corresponding to 2 of integrated luminosity. The cross sections obtained from the simulations are used to show that a test of QCD collinear factorization can be done at the lowest order by measuring scaling laws and angular distributions. The future measurement of the signal channel cross section with PANDA will provide a new test of the perturbative QCD description of a novel class of hard exclusive reactions and will open the possibility of experimentally accessing pi N TDAs.
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| 22. |
- Singh, B., et al.
(författare)
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Study of doubly strange systems using stored antiprotons
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 954, s. 323-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bound nuclear systems with two units of strangeness are still poorly known despite their importance for many strong interaction phenomena. Stored antiprotons beams in the GeV range represent an unparalleled factory for various hyperon-antihyperon pairs. Their outstanding large production probability in antiproton collisions will open the floodgates for a series of new studies of systems which contain two or even more units of strangeness at the PANDA experiment at FAIR. For the first time, high resolution gamma-spectroscopy of doubly strange Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei will be performed, thus complementing measurements of ground state decays of Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei at J-PARC or possible decays of particle unstable hypernuclei in heavy ion reactions. High resolution spectroscopy of multistrange Xi(-) -atoms will be feasible and even the production of Omega(-) -atoms will be within reach. The latter might open the door to the vertical bar S vertical bar = 3 world in strangeness nuclear physics, by the study of the hadronic Omega(-) -nucleus interaction. For the first time it will be possible to study the behavior of Xi(+) in nuclear systems under well controlled conditions.
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| 23. |
- Strand, Niklas, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a safe driving guidance system that targets 30 km/h zones
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traffic accidents between vehicles and vulnerable road users, and the senior part of the population particularly, is a traffic safety problem that must be addressed continuously. A safe driving guidance system such as an intelligent speed adaptation system that suppress the speed to prevent and mitigate accidents is an important measure that can address this traffic safety problem. In specific, the accidents targeted in this paper are those that appear in intersections. An intelligent speed adaptation system with acoustic and graphical information that is adapted to the driver’s characteristics to increase the compliance with the guidance provided by the system is developed. Two driving simulator studies were conducted as part of the development procedure. The results of these experiments indicated that a speed restraining effect could be determined of the system and different human-machine-interfaces were compared. The safe driving guidance system was also optimized to driver characteristics and a target value was presented with an optimal value. Implications for system design and human-machine-interaction is discussed.
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| 24. |
- Willstrand, Tania, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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On road driving assessment in Sweden : results from the SafeMove project
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present on-road study is part of a major research project, Safe Mobility for Older Drivers – SAFE MOVE, carried out between Sweden and France in collaboration. 42 participants were recruited to perform an on-road driving. The aim was to identify the cognitive and driving ability of the drivers from the cohort and to match it with their own assessment of ability. The project also aimed to identify difficulties encountered in traffic, both the type of behaviour and in which traffic scenarios they encountered the difficulties. The participants drove for 45 minutes in many different traffic environments. Two more people were present in the vehicle; a driving instructor who was responsible for safety (dual controls) and gave directions to follow throughout the route and an occupational therapist who observed and assessed the driving by means of the B On-road protocol. They also underwent a cognitive screening. Results showed that the behaviour which were found challenging for the drivers were related to speed adaptation, driving too fast for the situation, and lack of visual attention to other road users at intersections. All drivers had a visual acuity level required for holding a driving license in Sweden.
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